Sino-Singapore Jingwei, November 2 (Ma Jing and Yan Shuxin) Aunt Wang, who lives in Chaoyang District, Beijing, recently discovered that there is a "supply and marketing cooperative" in front of her house.
Compared with the surrounding farmers markets, the prices of dishes in the supply and marketing cooperatives are more favorable, attracting many residents from the surrounding area to shop.
The nostalgic elements such as the relief with the word "Supply and Marketing Cooperative" written on the door also make many people curious: what is the difference between this supply and marketing agency and the past supply and marketing agency?
The supply and marketing cooperative that once had the imprint of the planned economy "re-emerged", will it still be the "department store" in the village in memory?
Beijing Tuanjie Lake Supply and Marketing Convenience Service Center Source: Photo by Sino-Singapore Jingwei Niu Bo
"The current supply and marketing cooperative is no longer a concept of the past"
On the 1st, Sino-Singapore Jingwei visited the Beijing Tuanjie Lake Supply and Marketing Convenience Service Center. Aunt Wang, who was buying fresh products, said that the fruits and vegetables here are relatively fresh, and sometimes there are special prices, which has become her only choice for grocery shopping recently. choice.
Sino-Singapore Jingwei observed that in addition to fresh agricultural products, the supply and marketing convenience center also provides convenience services such as haircuts and mobile phone repairs, and has a counter to help rural revitalization.
Beijing Tuanjie Lake Supply and Marketing Convenience Service Center Source: Photo by Sino-Singapore Jingwei Niu Bo
The supply and marketing cooperative was once a childhood memory of the post-60s and post-70s generations. As a product of the planned economy era, it was once related to the food and clothing consumption of each family.
Cloth, enamel pots, oil and salt and other daily necessities are placed in the corner of the counter, and they are supplied by ticket. There are always long queues during the festivals.
A supply and marketing cooperative with a history of nearly 100 years in China can be traced back to 1922.
After a hundred years, what changes have the supply and marketing cooperatives experienced?
In July 1922, according to the relevant resolution of the Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the "Anyuan Road and Mining Workers' Consumer Cooperative" was established, which was the earliest cooperative.
In the early days of the founding of New China, a nationwide organizational system of supply and marketing cooperatives was established.
Since then, the supply and marketing cooperative has developed rapidly in twists and turns, and has gradually become silent.
Until 1982, in the institutional reform, the National Supply and Marketing Cooperatives merged with the Ministry of Commerce for the third time, but retained the brand of the National Supply and Marketing Cooperatives, established the All-China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives Council, and retained the supply and marketing cooperatives below the provincial level. independent organization system.
Beginning in the 1990s, supply and marketing cooperatives began a difficult transition to marketization.
In 1995, the All-China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives was re-established, carrying out reforms characterized by marketization and aimed at turning losses and increasing profits.
Under the support of policies and the force of market-oriented mechanisms, supply and marketing cooperatives have gradually built up an urban and rural business network with enterprises as the leader and chain operations as the main format.
In 2013, the Central Document No. 1 clearly proposed to support supply and marketing cooperatives in the circulation of agricultural products, give full play to the important role of supply and marketing cooperatives in agricultural socialization services, and bring opportunities for the reform, development, transformation and upgrading of supply and marketing cooperatives.
Since then, supply and
marketing cooperatives have been written into the No. 1 document of the Central Committee and the "Government Work Report" many times, involving deepening the comprehensive reform of supply and marketing cooperatives.
In 2018, the Central Document No. 1 made a comprehensive plan for the comprehensive implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, and clearly proposed to
comprehensively deepen the comprehensive reform of supply and marketing cooperatives, support supply and marketing, postal services and various enterprises to extend service outlets to rural areas, and improve the stable connection mechanism between production and sales of agricultural products
.
In 2021, it once again clearly proposed to deepen the comprehensive reform of supply and marketing cooperatives,
carry out pilot projects for the "three-in-one" comprehensive cooperation of production, supply and marketing, and credit, and improve the comprehensive platform
for serving farmers' production and life . , Southwest selected several provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) as provincial pilot units to carry out a two-year pilot work.
Since the deepening of reform in 2013, the restoration and reconstruction of supply and marketing cooperatives has achieved rapid development in Hubei, Ningxia, Shaanxi and other places.
Taking Hubei as an example, by the end of 2021, there will be a total of 1,373 grass-roots cooperatives (that is, supply and marketing cooperatives below the county level, comprehensive operation and service organizations that directly face farmers), basically achieving full coverage of townships.
At present, there are 452,000 members of grass-roots communes in Hubei, of which the number of peasant members has increased by more than five times in five years, from 51,500 in 2016 to 333,000 in 2021.
What is the difference between today's supply and marketing cooperatives and those of the past?
Wu Changhai, deputy dean of the Capital Finance Research Institute of China University of Political Science and Law, said in an interview with Sino-Singapore Jingwei that the public needs to correctly understand today's supply and marketing cooperatives.
The supply and marketing cooperative is a product of the planned economy and has been retained as a kind of state-owned institution. However, after so many years, "
although it is still a supply and marketing cooperative in name, it is no longer a concept of the past.
"
Wu Changhai pointed out that the current supply and marketing cooperatives do not have as strong administrative attributes as in the past, and have become a company system.
"It is a misunderstanding to link the current supply and marketing cooperatives with the planned economy. Now it is more like Japan's agricultural associations, equivalent to Villagers' self-help organization, providing production and marketing services for farmers in scientific planting."
Where will the supply and marketing agency go in the future?
According to the official website of the All-China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives, it is a joint organization of the National Supply and Marketing Cooperatives, led by the State Council.
The responsibilities of the General Supply and Marketing Cooperative include publicizing the "Sannong" policy, guiding the development of the national supply and marketing cooperation; according to the authorization, organizing, coordinating and managing the operation of important agricultural production materials and agricultural and sideline products.
The fourth plenary meeting of the seventh council of the All-China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives disclosed that the total sales of the entire system of supply and marketing cooperatives in 2021 will hit a record high of 6.26 trillion yuan, an increase of 18.9% year-on-year.
The total sales of 6.26 trillion yuan includes the sales of agricultural products, daily necessities, etc., and the turnover of the logistics industry.
Intuitive comparison, 6.26 trillion yuan is about 1/7 of
the national total retail sales of consumer goods in 2021 of 44.08 trillion yuan
, and about 4.2 times the total retail sales of social consumer goods in Beijing of 1.49 trillion yuan.
"The significance of supply and marketing cooperatives in rural reconstruction lies in rural revitalization, and doing more for rural revitalization through their (supply and marketing cooperatives) channels." Su Peike, chief researcher of the Institute of Public Policy at the University of International Business and Economics, mentioned in an interview with Sino-Singapore Jingwei, The reconstruction of supply and marketing cooperatives cannot be linked to the planned economy.
The signal released by the reconstruction of supply and marketing cooperatives is to give up the monopoly model of the past and participate in market competition to seek development and gain more competitiveness
. "The market space for commodity procurement and material supply is huge. Selling more genuine, high-quality and cheap things in the countryside will mean more and better.”
Shen Meng, director of Chanson Capital, mentioned in an interview with Sino-Singapore Jingwei, "The past system of supply and marketing cooperatives was a product of a completely planned economy, and unified purchase and sales management was adopted in most fields, but in the past 40 years of reform and opening up, supply and marketing cooperatives After a period of loading, floating and sinking, they will continue to keep pace with the times. In the
future, supply and marketing cooperatives will not go back to the old way and engage in complete monopoly, but may actively become a member of the market players, promote the rationality of the market order through competition, and curb unfair phenomena. .
"
Shen Meng said that in the economic cycle of shrinking demand, supply shock, and weakening expectations, promoting the construction of the supply and marketing cooperative system through reforms will help strengthen and rectify the market order, strengthen the control of state-owned assets in the circulation link, and take state-owned assets as the leading role. Based on the market circulation system, it will help stabilize the development of domestic large circulation and unified large market.
Sino-Singapore Jingwei noticed that the Hubei Provincial Supply and Marketing Cooperative General Association mentioned in an article recently released that at present, the grass-roots cooperatives in Hubei Province have changed from traditional, single daily necessities and agricultural materials management to building a comprehensive, large-scale, modern, and sustainable. Continuous transformation of the agricultural service system.
Land trusteeship, unified defense and governance, acquisition, storage and processing, formula fertilization, e-commerce, and rural cooperative finance have become the main directions of grass-roots cooperatives serving agriculture
.
The official website of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Supply and Marketing Cooperative also mentioned a case of supply guaranteeing during the epidemic: Zhongwei Supply and Marketing Group Co., Ltd., as the living material supply guarantee unit in Zhongwei City, immediately increased the purchase of vegetables (when the epidemic occurred in October). , urgently dispatched 203 tons of vegetables from other places, purchased 180 tons of local vegetables at a price of 10 cents per kilogram higher than the market price, helped vegetable farmers sell vegetables, and effectively played a role in ensuring supply and stabilizing prices.
"The restoration of supply and marketing cooperatives is actually to solve the service problems of low efficiency and low quality in the era of planned economy. After the reconstruction of supply and marketing cooperatives, they can only operate in accordance with the model of market economy. Better results will be achieved." Jiang Han, a senior researcher at Pangu Think Tank, told Sino-Singapore Jingwei.
Liu Xingguo, a researcher at the Research Department of the China Enterprise Confederation, believes that the system of supply and marketing cooperatives is different from that of state-owned enterprises. At present, supply and marketing cooperatives are still separate from government and enterprise, and they undertake many government functions.
Regarding whether the supply and marketing cooperative will move towards a completely market-oriented system like the reform of state-owned enterprises in the future, Liu Xingguo said that from the perspective of the emergence and existence of the supply and marketing cooperative, it naturally has to play some of the functions of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers", so it is difficult to combine government and enterprise. Functions are completely separated.
If both rural areas and agriculture develop to a certain level in the future, the dependence on government assistance will be significantly reduced, or if there are more effective means of organizing agricultural and rural resources to serve the development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, the company system reform of supply and marketing cooperatives should also be possible.
Related concept stocks daily limit
It is worth noting that while the supply and marketing cooperatives are hotly debated, the capital market has also moved.
Wind shows that the supply and marketing cooperative index has risen by more than 10% in the past five days.
On the 2nd, Swan shares and Zhongnong United all had 3 consecutive boards, Zhenong shares and Tianhe shares reached the daily limit, and China Re Zihuan, Huilong shares, and Zhongnong Lihua rose by more than 5%.
Sino-Singapore Jingwei found out that the actual controller of Huilong and Xinli Finance is Anhui Supply and Marketing Cooperative Association; the actual controller of Zhejiang Agriculture Co., Ltd. is Zhejiang Province Supply and Marketing Cooperative Association; the actual controller of Swan is Shandong Province Supply and Marketing Cooperative Union.
The actual controller of China Re Capital and China Agricultural United is the All-China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives.
According to public information, China Supply and Marketing Group, a wholly-owned enterprise of the All-China Federation of Supply and Marketing Cooperatives, is a large-scale agriculture-related circulation industry group approved by the State Council in January 2010, with
total assets of 150 billion yuan and 11 wholly-owned and holding subsidiaries. Among them, it holds 3 listed companies, namely China Re Capital, Zhongnong Lihua, and Zhongnong United
.
In the list of "2011 Top 500 Chinese Enterprises, Top 500 Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises and Top 500 Chinese Service Enterprises", China Supply and Marketing Group ranked 83rd among the top 500 Chinese enterprises with an operating income of more than 96 billion yuan. Ranked 31st among the top 500 companies.
(Sino-Singapore Jingwei APP)
(The opinions in this article are for reference only and do not constitute investment advice. Investment is risky, and you need to be cautious when entering the market.)
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