Chinanews.com, September 15th, question: Droughts and floods are frequently changing. How does the Yangtze River Economic Belt cope with abnormal weather?
Author: Cao Xufan
On August 28, the rain fell from the sky, ending the high temperature that lasted for a summer in Wuhan, Hubei.
Under the night, many citizens on the Wuhan river beach lingered on the shore to watch the water and take pictures.
In previous years, the surging Yangtze River was unusually quiet this year, and the light show on the shore was temporarily canceled to save electricity.
When there is a lot of rain, we can fight against floods, and when there is high temperature and drought, we must fight for opportunities to preserve water and store water. With the wisdom of "fighting", the Yangtze River and the people on both sides of the river can continue to thrive.
The Yangtze River Economic Belt, covering 11 provinces (municipalities directly under the Central Government) and spanning three major sectors, the East, the Middle and the West, will contribute more than 50% to the national economic growth in 2021.
Among them, the Yangtze River runs for more than 1,000 kilometers in Hubei, and its tributaries cover 99% of the water system in Hubei.
Therefore, Hubei has been included in the national pilot program for high-quality meteorological development, and it is particularly crucial to take the lead in carrying out the demonstration construction of meteorological support services in the Yangtze River Economic Belt in the country.
Early warning of high temperature and drought, water storage in advance
Under the extreme high temperature and drought situation across the country, there are continuing signs that the Yangtze River during this year's flood season is also "very abnormal" - under the Wuhan Yauzhou Yangtze River Bridge, the Changshun Dam, which looks like a "small road in the heart of the river", is exposed to the water.
More direct evidence is that from the beginning of the flood season this year to 20:00 on September 1, the water level at Hankou Station on the Yangtze River was only 14.67 meters, constantly refreshing the historical lowest value for the same period.
Min Yaowu, deputy chief engineer of the Hydrology Bureau of the Yangtze River Water Conservancy Commission (hereinafter referred to as the "Yangtze River Commission"), said that this year, the comprehensive intensity of high temperature has reached the strongest since Hubei had complete meteorological records in 1961. Not deeply affected.
"We have seen too many floods." Min Yaowu said that flood control during the flood season has been the theme for a long time, but at the beginning of this year, the Hubei Provincial Meteorological Department gave a mid-to-long-term prediction conclusion that "the Yangtze River Basin will be dry and rainy this year".
After several rounds of joint consultation and judgment, the meteorological and water conservancy departments jointly made a decision to "prepare for water storage".
In the past ten years, the frequency and intensity of drought and flood transitions in the Yangtze River Basin have been rapid and intense.
"The occurrence of droughts and floods in the Yangtze River Basin has become an important factor restricting the role of the main force of the Yangtze River Economic Belt in leading high-quality economic development." Ke Yiming, Secretary of the Party Group and Director of the Hubei Meteorological Bureau, said that serving the development strategy of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is the Hubei Meteorological Department. a major political task.
In December 2009, the China Meteorological Administration approved the establishment of the Yangtze River Basin Meteorological Center, which was established by relying on the Central China Regional Meteorological Center and "settled" in the Hubei Meteorological Bureau.
To undertake this heavy task, the hardware needs to be hard enough and the technology support is strong.
The center has successively launched a comprehensive business platform for meteorological services in the Yangtze River Basin, and the application of a number of core key technologies and service products such as "refined area rainfall forecast in the basin" and "climate trend prediction of drought and flood in the basin".
The Yangtze River Basin Meteorological Open Fund will set up 12 projects in 2022.
On the night of September 1, 2021, the end of the spillway of the Eping Hydropower Station in Zhuxi County, Shiyan City was washed away due to the heavy rainfall upstream and the flood discharge.
At a critical juncture, the Hubei Meteorological Department used the hydrology-meteorological coupled forecasting model developed by the Wuhan Rainstorm Research Institute of the China Meteorological Administration to construct the local hydrology-meteorological forecast model at the first time, and accurately predicted that "the flood peak of the upcoming storage will reach 1080 cubic meters per second".
Rescue and disaster relief work was made scientifically based on this, more than 5,000 downstream people were safely transferred, and disaster losses were effectively controlled.
In addition, the Hubei Meteorological Department has also established a normal emergency cooperation mechanism with the Yangtze River Committee, the Three Gorges Group, the Hanjiang Group, the navigation, maritime affairs and other departments, as well as the meteorological departments of the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in the Yangtze River Basin. pattern, allowing information, joint defense operations, and technology to flow.
In Min Yaowu's view, the successful response to the rainstorm and flood disaster in 2020 and the autumn flood in the Han River Basin in 2021 are the results of the close cooperation between the Yangtze River Committee, the Yangtze River Basin Meteorological Center and the Hubei Provincial Meteorological Bureau.
This year, according to the conclusion of climate prediction, the Hubei Provincial Department of Water Resources rushed to the rainy season in March and April to strengthen the water storage of reservoirs and lakes, and the highest water storage was 23% higher than the same period of previous years.
As of August 11, the province's reservoir irrigation water volume reached 4.18 billion cubic meters, still 3% more than the same period last year.
The Three Gorges Group raised the flood limit water level of the Three Gorges Reservoir to 148 meters and increased the water storage of the reservoir. After the plum blossoms, the Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake basins will enter the dry season ahead of schedule due to high temperature and drought. It has played an important role in ensuring energy supply.
Weather Services Shipping, Production, Agriculture
On the Yangtze River waterway, the boat is in a hurry.
The river is the lifeblood of economic and social development, and the Yangtze River Economic Belt has the broadest hinterland and development space in my country.
Along the Yangtze River waterway in Hubei Province, 166 waterway weather stations "mark" key port areas, bridge areas, areas prone to severe weather, and waters prone to water traffic accidents, guarding the safety of the "golden waterway".
The orientation of meteorological services is to seek benefits from the mechanism.
Hubei Meteorological Bureau vigorously promotes intelligent and precise shipping meteorological service business, and jointly established the Yangtze River Shipping Meteorological Service Alliance with shipping, maritime and other departments, and regularly holds joint meetings.
Established a meteorological early warning cooperation mechanism for the Hubei section of the Yangtze River trunk line with the Yangtze River Maritime Safety Administration to realize the normalization of the meteorological impact forecast of the Yangtze River shipping.
The Yangtze River Channel Weather Monitoring, Forecasting and Warning Sharing Platform is integrated into the "One Library, One Map" command system of the Yangtze Maritime Safety Administration.
The Smart Weather Shipping App has been applied and promoted in the Yangtze River Maritime Safety Administration, along the Yangtze River, travel companies and terminals.
The benefits are clearly visible: Since the beginning of this year, meteorology and multiple departments have successfully jointly responded to severe weather processes such as strong winds, and no shipping safety accidents have occurred in the main waterway of the Yangtze River.
"In terms of strengthening early warning services for high-impact industries, we have provided the Yangtze River Maritime Safety Administration with special weather services for strong winds, analyzing the adverse effects of two types of strong winds on the waterways of the Yangtze River trunk line, and issuing telephone reminders many times." Deputy Director of Wuhan Central Meteorological Observatory Wang Shanshan said.
At 11:00 on March 16 this year, after receiving the strong wind warning from the meteorological department in advance, the Yangtze River Maritime Safety Administration immediately launched a TV and telephone dispatch across the board. Prohibited and restricted sailing measures, nearly 3,000 ships entered the port to protect against wind and wind, ensuring that there is no danger or accident across the board.
The value of the "golden waterway" is not only in shipping, but the Yangtze River Economic Belt, as a basin economy, involves water, roads, ports, shores, industries, cities and organisms, wetlands, and the environment as a whole.
The tentacles of meteorological services also extend to the production line, as broad as rivers and seas, and as subtle as "thirst-quenching" per mu of farmland.
At the end of July this year, Wang Xiping, Secretary of the Party Branch of Yiqiao Village, Pengchang Town, Xiantao City, saw the signs of drought according to the relevant reports released by the meteorological department on moisture and drought.
At the same time, as a meteorological information officer, she actively transmits early warning information through channels such as text messages and weather warning electronic display screens every day.
"As soon as the drought started, we were ready." Wang Xiping said that according to the high temperature orange warning, the village committee organized pumping stations to lift water, purchased emergency diesel pumps, gasoline pumps and booster pumps, and organized the masses to fight the drought.
During the severe drought period, the whole village continuously diverted and pumped water to irrigate more than 4,000 mu of farmland.
In Shayang County, Jingmen City, an important grain and oil production base in the country, water storage and replenishment measures have been taken in advance since May and June.
"According to the weather forecast, water is stored in advance, water is available at critical times, and production can be increased calmly, so that the disaster is less severe in the year of severe drought." Zhou Qing, deputy director of the Shayang County Water Conservancy and Lake Bureau, said that at present, the county's 1.31 million mu of farmland is among the Only 2,000 acres are in a light drought state.
Ecological benefits appear
Sometimes, the accurate forecast of a rain is also closely related to the prosperity of the "four major fish" in the Yangtze River.
In my country, herring, grass carp, silver carp and bighead carp are known as the "four major fish" and are the "leaders" in the freshwater fishery.
May to June is their breeding season.
From June 23 to 28, the Yangtze River Commission organized and carried out the second ecological adjustment test of the Three Gorges Reservoir in 2022 to promote the natural reproduction of drifting egg-producing fish downstream of the dam.
The choice of time window is also related to the weather.
The Yangtze River Basin Meteorological Center accurately predicted the precipitation process from June 25 to 27 8 days in advance, and updated the upstream surface rainfall forecast daily. 10,000-40,000 cubic meters per second is very likely to be small and medium floods.
On June 22, the Hubei Provincial Meteorological Bureau submitted an important meteorological report to the provincial party committee, the provincial government and the Three Gorges Corporation, proposing that it is necessary to pay close attention to the impact of this precipitation process on the main stream of the Yangtze River and the Han River.
According to the precipitation forecast conclusion, the Three Gorges Reservoir will carry out the second ecological dispatch in 2022 from the 23rd to create a suitable water environment for the natural reproduction of the "four major fish" and promote the restoration of fish resources in the Yangtze River.
The results were gratifying.
The outflow of the Three Gorges Reservoir has gradually increased since June 24, and the downstream of the dam has continued to rise for 6 days, creating favorable conditions for the reproduction of fish that produce drifting eggs.
Monitoring shows that this ecological dispatch experiment has achieved remarkable results.
The finless porpoises stand by the waves, the sand and birds catch the fish, the rivers and lakes show new appearance, and the coastline adds greenness - the improvement of the functions of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the development of the Yangtze River, the upgrading of industries, the transfer of industries in the middle and upper reaches, the construction of major projects, the geological Disaster prevention and pollution control are all closely related to the ecological protection and water resources utilization of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.
The Hubei Meteorological Department piloted the establishment of the "River and Lake Chief" system for river basin meteorological services, established meteorological service river and lake chiefs for 18 (individual) rivers and lakes in Hubei, and planned to establish the Yangtze River Basin Ecological Meteorological Bulletin System, and cooperated with the relevant provinces and cities in the basin to provide the entire Yangtze River Basin. and key typical ecological areas to carry out refined ecological monitoring and evaluation.
Thousands of miles of Yangtze River, thousands of weather.
Born and raised in Sri Lanka, the people of the Yangtze River are inseparable from water; fierce floods, high temperature and heat waves, people always love this river.
And meteorological workers are also one of them, and guard people's love with meteorological wisdom.
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