The big food concept leads the reform of forestry, animal husbandry and fishery
A country with a population of more than 1.4 billion consumes 250,000 tons of meat, 90,000 tons of eggs and 100,000 tons of milk every day.
How to make people eat well on the basis of eating enough?
At the recent seminar on food security and modernization of forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, experts said that my country's total grain demand is showing a rigid growth trend, and food consumption is still in a growth period in the future, and residents' diets are showing a trend of diversification.
To establish a big food concept, it is not only necessary to make a fuss on the cultivated land, but also to ask for food for the entire land space, which provides a broad prospect for the development of forestry, animal husbandry and fishery.
Pay attention to diverse food supply
Zhang Tianzuo, chief animal pastor of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and director of the Rural Cooperative Economic Guidance Department, said that from the perspective of consumption structure, although the per capita grain consumption of urban and rural residents in 2020 will be lower than that in 1978, the per capita share of meat, eggs, milk, fruit, vegetables, tea and aquatic products has increased. Several times, non-staple food, as an important source of protein and calories, plays an increasingly important role in the diet structure of residents, and the trend is still continuing.
It is not an easy task to ensure the people's growing demand for diversified agricultural products. It is necessary to establish a big food concept, which is an inevitable choice for my country's national conditions and a strategic need to ensure food safety.
"The problem we are facing is how to use less and less land and water resources and more and more expensive labor to produce more, better and safer agricultural products." Chairman of China Rural Professional Technology Association, former director of China Agricultural University Principal Ke Bingsheng believes that in recent years, the production and supply of agricultural products has presented some new features.
In terms of variety, the consumption of food rations has been decreasing, while the demand for meat, poultry, eggs, milk, aquatic products, fruits and vegetables has been increasing. In terms of quality, people have changed from having enough to eat to eating better.
Therefore, to implement the concept of big food in the new era, it is necessary to produce agricultural products according to consumption orientation, including quantity, quality, variety, etc.; allocate resources according to market laws, including what to grow, how to grow, and how to sell.
There is enormous scope for expanding access to food.
Zhang Tianzuo said that my country has more than 4 billion mu of forest land, and the under-forest economic management and utilization area exceeds 600 million mu. The development of forestry food, including under-forest Chinese herbal medicine, under-forest edible fungi, under-forest livestock and poultry products, has great potential.
There are nearly 4 billion mu of grassland in my country, and there are about 15,000 kinds of plants on the grassland, of which there are more than 6,700 kinds of pastures, which provide an important food source for animal husbandry.
my country has seven major water systems, vast sea area and continental shelf fishing grounds.
By making good use of these resources, the output of aquatic products can be greatly increased through scientific aquaculture in offshore cages, rational utilization of large inland water surfaces, and upgrading of aquaculture ponds.
Wei Houkai, president of the China Forestry, Animal Husbandry and Fishery Economics Association and director of the Rural Development Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said that rich and diverse livestock products, aquatic products, and forestry foods are an integral part of ensuring food security and the supply of agricultural products.
In the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, the proportion of forestry, animal husbandry and fishery accounts for nearly half.
It accounted for 20% in 1978, 48.1% in 2008, and 42.8% in 2020.
From the perspective of development trends, with the improvement of living standards, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery will be more important, and it may be easier to achieve a transition from large to strong than planting.
Building a food safety guarantee system to ensure the supply of meat plates, milk cans, oil bottles, etc. is the fundamental move to promote the modernization of forestry, animal husbandry and fishery.
Focus on key issues of forestry, animal husbandry and fishery
"Currently, the development of forestry, animal husbandry and fishery is still faced with the problems of unbalanced structure and low quality of development. This requires finding a breakthrough in the modernization of China's forestry, animal husbandry and fishery." Wei Houkai said that in terms of forestry and grassland industry, how to establish and improve the value realization mechanism of ecological products and improve forestry The development level of grass industry informatization is the core issue of forestry and grass industry modernization.
In the aspect of animal husbandry, how to optimize the orientation of the self-sufficiency policy of animal husbandry, eliminate hidden dangers in the production and supply of animal products, and comprehensively improve the supply guarantee capacity are the key issues in the modernization of animal husbandry.
In terms of fishery, how to optimize the industrial structure and layout, expand the supply of high-quality aquatic products, and expand the space for green development is an important issue in the modernization of fishery.
About half of the world's pigs are raised in my country, and the pig industry is of great significance to economic development and residents' lives.
In recent years, with the advancement of the cultivation of improved pig breeds, the support and guarantee systems such as technology and feed have been increasingly improved, and the development of the pig industry has made great achievements.
"Following the cooperative, our retail households have less troubles in business and can concentrate on farming." Luo Laiwen, a farmer in Lihu Village, Qiaoshe Town, Jingkai District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, has been raising pigs with the Yuanliang Breeding Cooperative in the village for many years. , the number of live pigs in his family has grown from more than 100 to more than 2,000 this year.
In his view, the cooperative has a full-process service for members from the purchase of piglets to the release of fat pigs, from technology to sales. With a good interest linkage mechanism, "following the cooperative will not suffer."
However, many shortcomings of the live pig industry are constantly exposed, especially price fluctuations, which bring many uncertainties to the industry.
In September 2021, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs proposed the production capacity control path of "short-term fattening pigs, medium-term piglets, and long-term sows".
Wang Zuli, associate researcher of the Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and chief expert on monitoring and early warning of the pig industry of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that my country's pig breeding industry is in the process of rapid transformation from traditional breeding to modern breeding, and some industry pains are inevitable.
From March to April this year, the industry suffered serious losses, but the change in capacity reduction was obviously much smaller than the previous rounds of pig cycles.
This is because with data support and information guidance, farmers have clear expectations for the future, and arrange production according to trends without excessively eliminating production capacity.
In the demonstration base of comprehensive cultivation of rice and shrimp in Shuanglin Town, Nanxun District, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, the crayfish has been listed, and the rice is growing vigorously.
Huang Jianxin, the head of the base, introduced that the rice and shrimp fields have achieved a cycle of planting and breeding, "one water and two harvests, and one field for two purposes", crayfish eat weeds in the field, and their excrement can also fertilize the field. It produces 150 kilograms of crayfish and 550 kilograms of rice, with considerable benefits.
Zhang Kairong, deputy mayor of Shuanglin Town, said that the comprehensive cultivation area of rice and shrimp in the town has reached 15,000 mu, driving the development of more than 10 administrative villages.
Next, it will increase the development of new models, introduce deep-processing enterprises, and create a high-standard comprehensive planting and breeding industrial zone.
Chen Jie, deputy director of the Rural Economic Research Center of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that the average intake of fish and shrimp in my country is far lower than the recommended intake standard of the "Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents (2022)", and the consumption of aquatic products between urban and rural areas and between regions is not equal. balance.
At present, the fishery is facing the challenges of sluggish consumption, the need to recover demand, rising feed prices, and rising breeding costs.
After years of rapid development, paddy field comprehensive planting has also encountered problems such as blind paving, low level of development, and irregular operation.
After 2019, the area of integrated rice-fishing planting and breeding in some provinces has shrunk.
All localities should do a good job of planning the comprehensive rice-fishing planting and breeding industry according to local conditions, and balance the rice yield and the income of rice-fishing comprehensive planting and breeding on a large spatial scale.
Build a support system for the big food concept
In all things, eating is the biggest.
Establishing a big food concept is not only a supplement to quantity, but also a promotion of quality.
Experts said that it is necessary to put the promotion of big food development on the important agenda of agricultural and rural work, create support policies, increase support, and guide the allocation of resources to the big food concept.
"The issue of priority must be properly handled in ensuring the supply of agricultural products," said Ye Xingqing, head of the Rural Economy Department of the Development Research Center of the State Council.
In terms of the interests of farmers, while implementing administrative regulation on the use of cultivated land, compensation is paid to farmers who undertake the task of protecting cultivated land, especially permanent basic farmland, and policy preference is given to the production of agricultural products that need to be given priority to ensure supply.
In terms of the relationship with regional advantages, while emphasizing the responsibilities of the main grain producing areas, balance areas and main sales areas, explore the establishment of a vertical interest compensation mechanism for main production areas and a horizontal interest coordination mechanism for production and sales areas.
In relation to the concept of big food, the core of the concept of big food is the concept of big resources, which expands from cultivated land resources to the entire land resources, from traditional crops and livestock and poultry resources to more abundant biological resources.
The supporting role of science and technology in the development of big food should also be strengthened.
Zhang Tianzuo said that it is necessary to strengthen the construction of scientific and technological talent teams, actively add new majors and new disciplines to meet the needs of the big food concept, and cultivate a group of scientific and technological leaders and professional and technical talents who develop and utilize big food resources as soon as possible.
It is necessary to strengthen scientific and technological research, select a batch of potential and breakthrough fields, rely on scientific and technological innovation, explore the potential of food development, and accelerate the research and development of a number of practical results.
It is necessary to strengthen the promotion and application of scientific and technological achievements, reform and improve the income distribution mechanism, promote the cooperation of production, education and research, strengthen policy incentives, and give full play to the role of market players.
Wei Houkai said that it is necessary to change the traditional tendency of "heavy planting and light forestry, animal husbandry and fishery".
The internal differences of forestry, animal husbandry and fishery are quite large, and it is necessary to proceed from the actual situation and explore the path of modernization with its own characteristics.
Specifically, establishing a differentiated modernized index system; giving full play to the versatility of forestry, animal husbandry and fishery to promote vertical extension and horizontal integration of the industrial chain; speeding up the transformation of the development mode of forestry, animal husbandry and fishery to achieve improved species, scale and ecology; speeding up the establishment of modern forestry, animal husbandry and fishery social service system.
Of course, it is also necessary to properly handle the relationship between food security and the development of forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, respect the laws of nature and local reality, and cannot "return forests to farmland, ponds to farmland, and gardens to farmland".
Chen Jie believes that the essence of the big food concept is a diversified food structure and supply system, which involves the issue of opening up the planting and breeding industries. It is necessary to break the barriers of ideological understanding and break the division of departments.
Under the premise of protecting the ecological environment, appropriate grains should be used for grain, economy should be used for economics, animal husbandry should be used for animal husbandry, fish should be used for fishing, and forest should be used for forest. Production structure and regional layout.
Qiao Jinliang