The granary of a big country, the foundation of stable production and excellent supply (mid-year economic observation)
In all things, eating is the biggest.
General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: "Food security is the 'bigger of the country'", "We must not be paralyzed on the issue of food security", "We must firmly grasp the initiative in food security, and we must pay close attention to food production every year."
In the green gauze tent, corn is standing tall and straight.
"The wheat has been put into the warehouse, and the corn is growing well. Two seasons a year, the yield per mu must exceed tons." Chang Xiangsheng, a major grain grower in Xiyan Township, Lingbao City, Henan Province, is busy watering the corn.
Wang Wang paddy fields, late rice plants are green.
"The golden early rice has just been harvested, and the green late rice seedlings will go to the ground." In the spring and summer, Luo Bingxiong, a villager in Luowei Village, Cencheng Town, Cenxi City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, does not miss the busy farming season.
Since the beginning of this year, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core, policies to strengthen and benefit farmers have been introduced intensively. All regions and departments have strictly implemented the same responsibilities of the Party and the government for food security and closely linked food production. Agricultural science and technology workers and farmers fought against the disaster, promoted weak seedlings, and scrambled for farming, and won the tough battle to win a bumper summer grain harvest.
The good news of the harvest is exciting: According to the National Bureau of Statistics, the total output of summer grain in 2022 will be 147.39 million tons (294.8 billion catties), an increase of 1.434 million tons (2.87 billion catties) or 1.0% over the previous year.
Among them, the output of wheat was 135.76 million tons (271.5 billion catties), an increase of 1.0%.
With a bumper harvest of summer grains, the economy has bottomed out throughout the year.
The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs said that it is not easy to increase the production of summer wheat and wheat this year.
As the first season of annual grain production, the bumper harvest of summer grain has laid a good foundation for stabilizing grain production throughout the year, providing solid support for stabilizing prices, stabilizing expectations, increasing confidence, and stabilizing the overall economic market, and adding sufficient confidence to effectively respond to domestic and foreign risks and challenges , and also made China's contribution to stabilizing the world grain market.
Look at summer food-
The quantity and quality of grain production have increased simultaneously, and the "Harvest Answer Sheet" highlights the quality of the "Chinese rice bowl"
In Pingyuan County, Dezhou City, Shandong Province, as soon as the wheat was sick, Liang Jian, agronomist from the Grain Division of the National Agricultural Technology Center, together with other experts, took samples and weighed to measure the yield: "The number of ears per mu is 458,000, the number of grains per ear is 37.5, and the thousand-grain weight is 44.3 gram, the yield is good, and the quality is good.”
"The hard work pays off, and every mu is 1,460 catties!" said Su Mingkun, the operator of the Linfeng family farm in Jiyuan City, Henan Province. "At the beginning of the spring, the proportion of weak seedlings was relatively high. Thanks to the timely guidance of agricultural technicians, the water and fertilizer followed It is tight, disaster prevention is not slack, and late-planting wheat gradually catches up, and the yield per mu is more than 100 catties higher than in previous years.”
This year's summer grain production has increased in both quantity and quality, and the "Harvest Answer Sheet" is in full condition.
——Looking at the area, there is a steady increase.
This year, the national summer grain area reached 398 million mu, an increase of 1.38 million mu over the previous year.
Although the area of winter wheat decreased by 1.01 million mu due to the rare autumn flood last year, the Northwest and other places expanded the summer harvest of spring wheat by 1.77 million mu, an increase of 23%, realizing "spring to supplement winter"; in the south, the expansion of potatoes, broad beans and other grains and beans by 620,000 mu , to achieve "to supplement wheat".
——Looking at the yield, higher than expected.
This year's summer grain yield per mu reached 370.4 kg, an increase of 2.3 kg over the previous year, of which the per-mu yield of wheat was 394.2 kg, an increase of 2.9 kg.
This is a new high on the basis of the three-year increase in summer grain yield per unit.
——Looking at the quality, it is obviously better than the previous year.
Pan Wenbo, director of the Planting Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, introduced that this year's wheat grain filling period continued to be fine and fine, the grain filling time was long, the grain was plump and firm, and the test weight was high. The appearance is good, the imperfection rate and the mildew rate are all low.
Monitoring by the State Administration of Grain and Materials Reserves shows that the proportion of second-class and above wheat in the main producing areas exceeds 90%.
According to the dispatch of agricultural conditions, the proportion of high-quality special-purpose wheat in the country reached 38.5%, an increase of 1.2 percentage points over the previous year.
From Jianghuai Woye to North China Granary, what is the reason behind the "bumper harvest answer sheet" of summer grain?
Policies to stabilize grain planting expectations.
"The 43 mu of land has more than 2,500 yuan of grain subsidies. As soon as the summer grains are released, the money will arrive." Lu Weiguo, a grain farmer in Chahe Village, Jinshan Street, Hebi City, Henan Province, said happily, "The grain subsidies, agricultural machinery subsidies, real money and silver make me willing to plant. Food, a variety of good food."
The central government has arranged more than 6 billion yuan in subsidies for summer grain wheat to promote growth and stability, to support the rapid planting of wheat, the promotion of weak and strong wheat, and the full coverage of "one spray and three defenses", and a one-time subsidy of 30 billion yuan was issued twice to actual grain farmers. Raising the minimum purchase price of rice and wheat... The "gift package" of the policy of benefiting farmers has increased farmers' enthusiasm for growing grain, allowing farmers to have the confidence and dare to invest.
Field management lays a solid foundation for a bumper harvest.
This year's bumper wheat harvest has made Zhao Menghui, a major grain grower in Yongsan Village, Yongfuzhuang Township, Renze District, Xingtai City, Hebei Province very pleased. "This wheat crop has been sown for more than a month. It is all up to everyone to watch closely and manage it properly. Increase the amount of sowing. , I poured three waters in the spring, 'one spray and three defenses' three times, and the technical link did not fall one step."
An agricultural proverb says, "One-third is planting, and seven-pointing depends on management." During summer grain production, agricultural and rural departments at all levels firmly anchored the entire field management chain, and a total of 624,000 people were sent into villages and households to promote 110 million mu of late-planting wheat. Push the green fertilizer once again, and the winter wheat is fully covered by "one spray and three defenses".
This year, wheat diseases and insect pests occurred early and occurred frequently. All localities vigorously carried out unified prevention and control, joint prevention and control, and the cumulative control area was 750 million mu. The occurrence area of wheat stripe rust and scab was 91% and 42% lower than last year, respectively. The proportion of grains is basically below 0.2%, which is significantly lower than last year.
Machine-assisted pellets return to the warehouse.
The harvesters lined up, the reels were spinning, and the yellow grains of wheat poured out.
"The big agricultural machinery is powerful, and the wheat is pulled directly into the warehouse from the field, and more than 300 acres of wheat are harvested in one day. Not only is the harvest fast, but there is less loss." said Liu Zihui, a villager in Majia Village, Hanting District, Weifang City, Shandong Province.
The key is to return the pellets to the warehouse and collect them efficiently.
During the summer harvest this year, more than 650,000 combine harvesters were put into wheat harvesting across the country, and 250,000 were involved in cross-regional operations. The daily harvesting area exceeded 10 million mu for 13 consecutive days.
Wang Jiayun, deputy director of the Agricultural Mechanization Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, introduced that the progress of wheat machine harvesting is faster than last year and normal years, and the loss rate of wheat machine harvesting is basically controlled within 2%.
see the whole year-
Press stubble to promote the harvest of autumn grains to ensure that the annual grain output is stable at more than 1.3 trillion kilograms
Grain output will remain above 1.3 trillion catties, which is one of the main expected goals for development in 2022.
In the annual grain production, autumn grain is the largest, accounting for 75% of the annual grain output.
With the joy of a bumper harvest of summer grains, the industrious farmers pressed stubble to promote autumn grain production.
"Three summers" are busy, overlooking the vast fields: in the southern region, early rice is mature and middle rice is jointed; in the northeast plain, the rain is good and the moisture content is sufficient; in the Huanghuaihai region, corn and soybean seedlings are strong.
According to the dispatch of agricultural conditions, this year, the area of autumn grain has landed largely, with steady growth, and the crops are growing normally.
Stable grain supply and supply, summer sowing and summer management continue to line.
The golden rice waves rolled, and the "big iron bull" roared forward.
"As soon as the early rice was transported out of the ridge, the rotary tiller went to the ground to level the field." Yuan Lirong, a big planter in Xinnan Village, Wojiang Town, Yuanzhou District, Yichun City, Jiangxi Province, was busy with "Shuang Rou", "Taking advantage of the fine weather, rush to harvest early rice and rush to plant late rice. , more than 600 acres of double-cropping rice is expected to yield more than 1.2 million catties."
"There is a lot of rain in the rainy days. We must pay close attention to clearing the barriers and draining the soil and strengthening the roots." In Songgou Village, Shilin Town, Shancheng District, Hebi City, Henan Province, Du Jun, Chief of the Planting Industry Unit of the District Agriculture and Rural Bureau, instructed the villagers hand in hand, "It is summer corn" It's a long critical period, and only if you manage it well can you have a good harvest."
Doing a good job in summer management is the key to ensuring a stable and high yield of grain throughout the year.
In order to effectively deal with disasters such as drought, floods, pests and diseases that are prone to occur in summer management work, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs organized experts in the modern agricultural industry technology system to formulate emergency plans by region, and issued technical guidance plans for disaster prevention and mitigation by crop, disaster situation, and link. ; Organizing and mobilizing more than 900,000 socialized service entities across the country to provide small farmers and other production entities with a variety of socialized services and comprehensive solutions, such as water management and fertilization, pest control and weeding, drought prevention and drainage, etc. .
According to statistics, 235,000 socialized service entities in 13 major grain-producing provinces have provided autumn grain field management services, covering an area of about 320 million mu and serving more than 43 million small farmers.
Adjust the structure and expand the production capacity of soybean oil.
"Corn can produce high yields, and there will be more soybeans." Wang Xiao, a major grain grower in Zhennan Village, Zhangcun Town, Lixin County, Anhui Province, said, "Corn flowers are pollinated, soybeans bloom and pods, and agronomy and agronomy can keep up with one field. Double harvest." Lixin County's soybean and corn composite belt planting area reached 42,000 mu this year.
We will make real efforts to adjust the structure and take active actions in all regions.
Anhui Province's annual soybean planting area is 9.106 million mu this year, an increase of 298,000 mu compared with the previous year; Heilongjiang Province has coordinated 1 billion yuan in agriculture-related funds this year, which is specially used to support the expansion of soybean planting of more than 10 million mu.
This year is the first year of the implementation of the national soybean and oilseed production capacity improvement project. The country will ensure that more than 15 million mu of soybean and corn belt compound planting tasks are completed with high standards and high quality. More than 3 billion yuan of funds for high-efficiency actions and other projects have been dedicated to support rapeseed production.
Extending the chain, high quality and high price promote efficiency.
"When you plant 'order grain', you don't have to worry about sales, and the price of wheat is 0.1 yuan higher than the market price." Ren Yetang, a major grain grower in Rendi Village, Songlou Town, Xiajin County, Dezhou City, Shandong Province, started the calculation, "Me and the flour mill An agreement was signed, 340 acres of high-quality varieties were planted, and the management was standardized, so that if you planted, you would know that you could sell at a good price." Xiajin County has 18 flour processing enterprises with an annual processing capacity of 2.3 million tons, creating a whole industry chain for planting and selling.
According to market demand, all localities vigorously develop high-quality varieties, carry out contract farming, processing logistics, and product marketing, so as to drive farmers to develop high-quality grain and oil production and achieve increased production and income.
"The granary is abundant and the price of grain is stable. Overall, my country's food security situation is relatively good. We have the ability, confidence, and conditions to achieve the annual grain production target, and keep our 'Chinese rice bowl' steady." Research on Rural Development, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Li Guoxiang, a researcher at the institute said.
long-term view-
Store grain in the ground, store grain in technology, to ensure that food can be produced, supplied, and supplied at any time
People take food as their heaven.
For a large country like ours with a population of more than 1.4 billion, ensuring national food security is an eternal issue, and this string cannot be loosened at any time.
With 9% of the world's arable land and 6% of the world's freshwater resources, China has raised nearly one-fifth of the world's population. In the long run, from the perspective of a bumper summer grain harvest, we must put the improvement of comprehensive agricultural production capacity in a more prominent position in the future. "In the land, in the storage of grain in technology" is really put into place, and the foundation of the granary of a big country is more solid.
——Protect the "rice bowl field" and ensure that farmland is farmland, and it must be fertile land.
"The 'sauce cake fields' are connected together, and agricultural machinery is running open. The canals are open, floods can be drained, and droughts can be irrigated. Now we have the confidence to grow grain and ensure a bumper harvest." Liu Dan, a farmer in Jianghui Village, Bajiang Township, Yongfeng County, Jiangxi Province Fa sighed, "In one breath, 90 acres of rice have been expanded, and the yield of early rice per mu has reached more than 1,000 catties."
Cultivated land is the lifeblood of food production and the foundation of the sustainable development of the Chinese nation.
In order to strengthen the foundation of food security, draw a red line, strictly implement the cultivated land protection system, strengthen the control of use, standardize the balance between occupation and compensation, and ensure that 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land truly deserves its name; improve quality, from south to north, accelerate the construction of high-standard farmland By the end of this year, it will ensure that a total of 1 billion mu of high-standard farmland with high yield and stable yield will be built nationwide, and the grain production capacity will be more than 1 trillion kilograms.
——Pick up the "golden poles" and add the wings of science and technology to agriculture, so that farmers can use the best technology to grow the best food.
"Soybeans are green and corn is strong. Although it is the first time to plant, the crops are growing well." Wei Leilei, a farmer in Zhaowei Village, Yizhuang Town, Tongshan District, Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, drove a plant protection machine to weed. "Select high-quality and high-yield varieties, increase planting density, All the good seeds, good opportunities and good skills have been used.” Tongshan District has built 5 key projects of 100 acres, 3 demonstration films of 1000 acres, and all 200 agricultural machinery and tools have been allocated in place.
To solve the problem of eating, the fundamental way out is technology.
All regions and departments should strengthen basic and cutting-edge research and strengthen the collection of germplasm resources.
At present, improved varieties of major crops in my country have basically achieved full coverage, and the contribution rate of improved varieties in agricultural production increase exceeds 45%, and the contribution rate of national agricultural science and technology progress exceeds 61%.
——Strengthen the supply side, increase green and high-quality products, and better meet the growing needs of the people for a better life.
"The rice 'drinks' is mountain spring water, and the whole process is green and organic production, and it tastes fragrant and delicious." Wang Darong, Secretary of the Party Branch of Qingcaoping Village, Zhongfeng Town, Zhuxi County, Hubei Province said, "High-quality rice makes the village's collective economic income over 100,000 yuan. yuan, driving the annual per capita disposable income of farmers to 18,000 yuan.”
All localities have accelerated the green development of agriculture. At present, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in my country has experienced negative growth for five consecutive years, and the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers and pesticides for the three major food crops has exceeded 40%.
High-quality grain and oil products enrich the dining table of residents. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, my country will form a group of leading grain enterprises with main business income of over 10 billion yuan and well-known grain and oil brands with market competitiveness. %above.
Looking at the north and south of the Yangtze River, the vast fields are giving birth to new hope for a good harvest.
On the new journey, we will resolutely take on the important task of food security, and firmly hold the Chinese people's jobs in our own hands. We will surely be able to lay a solid foundation for the stability of the overall economic and social situation, and promote the "China" economic giant to ride the wind and waves and travel steadily and far. .
Our reporter Zhu Jun Wang Hao Changqin