Where is it difficult for college students to find employment?
——Survey on the employment situation of fresh graduates in colleges and universities
Our reporter Wei Yonggang
It's graduation season again.
This year, the number of college graduates across the country exceeded 10 million for the first time, and both the total number and increment hit a record high.
Employment is the biggest livelihood of the people, and the employment of college graduates is the top priority of stabilizing employment.
Under the downward pressure of the economy, employment pressure is also increasing.
Can the employment of college graduates be stable?
How to break the current employment pressure?
How can various policies and measures help graduates to find employment?
What difficulties still exist?
The reporter recently interviewed 52 fresh graduates from 15 colleges and universities for employment survey.
15 colleges and universities are located in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Fujian, Hubei, Henan, Shanxi and other places; 52 graduates include 2 doctors, 24 masters and 26 undergraduates, majoring in liberal arts, science and engineering.
Right now, college graduates are starting to leave school one after another.
This year, the employment situation of college students has attracted special attention: first, the number of college graduates nationwide is the largest over the years, reaching 10.76 million; second, the new crown pneumonia epidemic has changed employment methods and job demands, which has a direct impact on the employment of college students.
The difficulty of college students' employment lies in increasing the employment rate, and even more difficult in their satisfaction.
"Work can generally be found, but it is difficult to find a satisfactory job", this is the common feeling of more than 50 graduates interviewed by the reporter.
As of the press release, 30 of the 52 graduates have been employed, 12 continue to study for master's and doctoral degrees, 6 have not confirmed their final positions, and 3 are ready to continue their studies for postgraduate entrance examinations, and 1 has been contacted to study abroad. .
The epidemic has affected employment methods and job demand, but it has not shaken the employment confidence of college students
The impact of the epidemic on the employment of college students is directly reflected in the changes in employment methods.
Online recruitment has become an important support for college students' employment.
Ma Xiaoke, a graduate of Minzu University of China, joked: "There are fewer offline recruitments, and the Internet is our biggest reliance on finding jobs."
The epidemic has changed the traditional recruitment methods, and most of the procedures such as written tests and interviews have been adjusted to online.
Yan Xiuchun, a graduate of Capital University of Economics and Business, said she took more than 20 recruitment exams, all of which were online written exams.
In the context of epidemic prevention and control, online exams have helped graduates to find jobs to a certain extent, but they will also bring some unexpected difficulties.
Chu Yutong, a master graduate of Minzu University of China, reported that students encountered software failures and inability to input Chinese characters when taking online exams, which may affect their test scores.
Gao Tian of Communication University of China said that in order to ensure that the surrounding environment is clean and tidy during the written test and interview, some students go to the hotel to book a room, adding an extra cost.
Some colleges and universities have to specially transform meeting rooms and other places into "live broadcast rooms" to facilitate students to take online exams.
Affected by the epidemic, some internships have also been changed to online.
Huang Bochuan of Beijing Institute of Technology was assigned to a county for a three-month internship.
She said, "Because of the epidemic, I couldn't go to the local area, and the online internship was mainly to help with some electronic documents. This kind of internship is very different from field work."
The travel inconvenience caused by the epidemic has also increased the employment difficulties of college students.
Zhou Ni of Tianjin Normal University told reporters that some of her classmates received notices from several local companies in Tianjin, but required applicants to take offline written tests and interviews.
This classmate was stranded in his hometown in Shandong because of the epidemic, so he was unable to take these recruitment exams.
Che Lu, a graduate of Beijing Technology and Business University, was doing a pre-employment internship in a company, but due to the school's epidemic control, it was inconvenient to enter and leave, so he had to rent a house near the company.
"Rent is a huge expense," she said.
The repeated outbreak of the epidemic has led to the postponement of many recruitment examinations, especially the civil service examination, making it even more difficult for fresh graduates to find employment.
Sun Jiaxuan, a master graduate from Capital University of Economics and Business, took the civil service exams in several places, and some were on the interview list, but the delay in organizing interviews made her unsure.
Entering July, this anxiety has eased as the time for civil servant recruitment examinations has been clarified one after another.
The title of Li Chang, a graduate of Beijing Institute of Technology, is "College Students' Employment Willingness Affected by the Epidemic".
Through campus interviews and questionnaires, she came to the following conclusion: "72.25% of the respondents believed that the epidemic had an impact on their employment choices (64.16% thought it had a certain impact, 8.09% thought it had a great impact), and only less than Thirty percent of the respondents believe that there is no impact. Among the college students who think it will have an impact, 80.8% pay more attention to job stability, 68% are worried about the employment situation, but 22.4% of the students believe that after the epidemic, society needs more Talents, college students will have more advantages.”
Li Chang said, "This shows that college students have serious and in-depth thinking about employment choices and have always maintained self-confidence."
During the research and interview, the reporter often felt the confidence and responsibility of these young people.
Qi Lilei, an undergraduate student at Henan University of Technology, said: "Economic and social development always moves forward in waves. The strong resilience and bright prospects of the national economy are our greatest confidence in employment. If there are difficulties, we must face them, and that is what young people should look like. ."
There are abundant employment information channels, but the coverage needs to be improved
In recent years, many colleges and universities have established complete employment information channels.
The reporter learned in the interview that there are many ways for college students to obtain employment information.
The employment guidance department of colleges and universities continues to release employment information; counselors and teachers will forward various information to students in a timely manner and make targeted suggestions; the school will organize different types of lectures and promotion meetings to help college students and employers get to know each other face-to-face; Many recruitment websites will also launch channels that directly serve the employment of fresh graduates.
Fresh graduates will also take the initiative to follow the official website of the target industry or unit to obtain recruitment information, as well as obtain employment information and specific help through relatives and friends.
Despite this abundance of information, many graduates feel that employment information is not adequately covered.
He Qing, a graduate of Fujian Normal University with a master's degree in international business, wants to work in a foreign trade company that matches his major in Shanghai.
The first trouble she encountered was the limited information provided by the school, because the school is a normal college, and there is more employment information in education, but relatively insufficient employment information related to her major.
In recent years, the discipline construction of colleges and universities has continued to expand, and the professional settings of many colleges and universities have become more and more comprehensive, but the employment information and professional settings are not synchronized, which cannot meet the employment needs of graduates of various majors.
Qu Wenya is a master graduate of Hubei University of Economics.
She wanted to return to her hometown of Henan for employment, but she encountered another trouble when collecting employment information: most of the employment information provided by the school was in Hubei, and rarely involved Henan.
She said: "For students like me who want to go to other places or go back to their hometown for employment, there are very few choices in the information provided by the school. We can only find information and submit resumes through the Internet or corporate websites." Local colleges and universities have broken geographical restrictions, and most of them recruit students nationwide, but there is a problem of insufficient geographical coverage when providing employment information.
When collecting and recommending employment information, schools still focus on local or surrounding information.
Many students have encountered Qu Wenya's distress. Among the 30 graduates interviewed by the reporter who have confirmed employment positions, 21 of them went to work outside the school's location. Most of them encountered insufficient effective information at the school. The problem.
The network has no boundaries.
Every employment season, many graduates will visit various college websites to browse employment information, which to some extent makes up for the lack of school employment information.
Gao Tian said that the information released by different college employment information networks has its own emphasis.
However, he found that some college employment information websites are only open to students in their own schools, and employment information is not available through the "school gate" and is not allowed to be shared by students from other schools.
He said that there is no direct competition for employment information. If the information between colleges and universities can be shared, it will be more conducive to the employment of college students.
Employment information is an individualized information need, and everyone is different.
To fully meet this personalized demand, it is difficult to do in itself.
Although colleges and universities help students collect employment information through various channels, the problems of incomplete coverage and weak professional targeting still exist.
More information and wider coverage are the prerequisites for meeting individual needs.
Tang Xiaoyi, a graduate of Beijing Institute of Technology, suggested that more targeted employment information can be provided if a dual-selection meeting for regional and professional employment is set up.
Wang Yuhang of Henan University of Technology suggested that on the basis of school-enterprise cooperation, practice and employment should be more closely integrated, creating opportunities for students to practice in companies with employment intentions, enhancing mutual understanding between students and companies, and realizing the combination of production and education. .
These measures can alleviate the problem of insufficient employment information.
Unclear career planning magnifies employment confusion, reflecting the lack of self-awareness of college students
Confusion is a common feeling of many graduates in their employment process.
Li Yi, a master graduate of Fujian Normal University, said with emotion, "Confusion is the biggest obstacle to employment."
The most direct performance is the "one-click sea investment" of resumes.
Among the 52 college graduates interviewed by the reporter, there were more than ten resumes at least, and more than 400 resumes at most.
When college students see the relevant recruitment information, they will "overseas investment", and one investment is hundreds of copies.
Behind the confusion is the unclear career planning of college students.
Li Yi said that most of the fresh graduates are entering the society for the first time, and they do not have a clear understanding of the target industry. Even if they choose an industry, they will face confusions such as industry segmentation and unclear job responsibilities.
Gao Tian said that many people still don't know what they want to do when they are looking for a job, lack a clear career plan, and are scurrying around like headless flies.
The unclear career planning reflects the dislocation of college students' self-cognition.
When many fresh graduates graduate, they are not mentally prepared for the transition from school to society.
Li Xiang, an undergraduate student at East China University of Political Science and Law, told reporters that it is the first time an undergraduate has encountered a wall in finding a job, and the psychological pressure is unprecedented.
She said that being able to go to university proves that she has succeeded in her studies.
When this sense of success encounters difficulties in finding a job, the frustration will be magnified.
Dong Chenggang of East China University of Political Science and Law realized during the employment process that college students' self-awareness must keep up with the pace of growth.
He said that from graduation to employment is a transition from a student's single role to multiple roles in society.
If self-cognition is still in the student stage, you will be anxious when encountering difficulties.
Making career planning is an important preparation for college students before employment, and this is exactly what some colleges and universities lack in teaching.
Xing Yidan, a graduate of Henan University of Technology, said that most college teachers have rich study experience and experience. They encourage students to continue their studies with ease, but they are "innately inadequate" when guiding students for employment.
Although the school has also set up career guidance courses, its role and effect need to be improved.
Some students even get to know the workplace through the plot of the TV series, which is too idealistic.
Gao Tian said that college vocational education is too idealistic, but the reality is often unsatisfactory.
He hopes that university vocational education can tell students that no job can make people completely satisfied.
Many college students solve their career planning problems through internships.
Hong Jianru, a master of Communication University of China, once worked as an intern at a large news website and worked as a public opinion analyst for 3 months.
This experience made him understand the new position of public opinion analyst, and also provided new ideas for employment.
Zhang Wenxin, a master graduate from Fujian Normal University, studied at the Agricultural University for her undergraduate degree and majored in international business for her master's degree.
After an internship in an information research center, she found that she was interested in data analysis, and more inclined to landing operations, so she paid attention to this direction when applying for a job, and finally entered a data operation position in a company in Chengdu.
Huang Chenrui, an undergraduate student majoring in automatic control at Beijing Institute of Technology, worked as an intern in a car company in Suzhou for one month.
He said: "The internship made me know this industry, and now I want to join a passenger car manufacturing company."
Practice is the best teacher.
Many college students have experienced the importance of internships in their student days. It is recommended to increase the internship time, participate in as many internships as possible, and enhance their understanding of various industries.
They also hope that professional education in colleges and universities can be more integrated with social practice, so that students can gradually clarify their employment direction and career planning as soon as they master professional knowledge.
The grassroots employment space is broad, but the college students have a single way to go to the grassroots
"Whether to stay in a big city or go back to your hometown for employment is a question that students like me who come to study in big cities from other places will face when they graduate," said Wei Ziqi, a graduate of Capital University of Economics and Business.
The grassroots employment space is wide, and going to the grassroots is the graduation choice of many college students.
Chu Yutong chose to work in the cultural and tourism department of a central province.
She said that the most important thing in the employment of college students is to consider future development, and jobs that are suitable for their own majors and have room for development are satisfactory.
He Chen from East China University of Political Science and Law, after some setbacks, bid farewell to Shanghai and returned to Guangxi to actively seek employment opportunities.
She said, "Going to the grassroots for employment and feeding back to the hometown is a direction that college students should seriously consider."
The talent introduction policies in various regions are very attractive for college students to seek employment at the grassroots level.
Tang Xiaoyi, a girl from Guangxi, graduated from Beijing Institute of Technology this year and wanted to go to Hangzhou to find a professional job.
After a lot of hard work, she didn't get her wish, so she chose to work in a company in Yuyao City, Ningbo.
Originally wanted to engage in R&D positions, but finally signed a contract with a testing engineer.
Although she has gone through so many changes, she still expresses her satisfaction with her work, "I chose Zhejiang because the talent introduction policy is more attractive to me."
The grassroots employment policy is an important driving force for attracting college students to the grassroots. The "three support and one support" plan and policies such as selection and transfer of students have created favorable conditions for college graduates to go to the grassroots for employment.
Despite this, the reporter found in the interview that factors such as the single channel of grass-roots employment and the lack of understanding of the grass-roots by college students have delayed the pace of graduates' grass-roots employment.
Exam selection is an important way for college graduates to find employment at the grassroots level.
Some students said that the channels for employment at the grass-roots level are still somewhat single. If more channels can be opened up, there will still be many graduates who choose to go to the grass-roots level.
Yunnan girl Yan Xiuchun was admitted to Capital University of Economics and Business from a township in Dali, Yunnan. After completing her university and postgraduate studies, she wanted to return to her hometown to serve.
However, due to exams and other reasons, her wish to return to her hometown for employment may not be realized, so she had to enter an accounting firm in Beijing.
She said that if there is a chance, she would like to go back to her hometown to develop.
The college students who graduated in recent years are basically "post-90s" or even "post-00s". Many people have lived in cities since childhood, and lack intuitive understanding and personal experience of grassroots life.
Liu Shijiao of East China University of Political Science and Law said: "Our generation of college students grew up in a relatively favorable environment, and most of them have not had direct contact with grassroots life, especially rural life. Some people have a stereotype of grassroots, thinking that conditions are poor and life is hard, and they don't want to go to grassroots jobs. "East China University of Political Science and Law graduate Chen Zhixian said that a lot of students were selected and transferred, but they really didn't know much about the grassroots.
College students often get to know grass-roots cadres from media propaganda, and many propaganda reports focus on keywords such as "hardship and simplicity" and "selfless dedication", which makes a few students feel fearful and fearful of grassroots work.
After college students arrive at the grassroots level, what are the clear training plans, how to get ideological care, and how are their living conditions? These are all issues that fresh graduates care about.
Li Wei, a graduate of Fujian Normal University, said that the grassroots employment measures such as the "Western Plan" and "Three Supports and One Support" are well known among college students, but how did the students who went to the grassroots employment through these measures in the past work and what difficulties did they encounter? College students generally know very little about it.
Continuing to pay attention to and introduce the follow-up situation of students who have been employed at the grass-roots level in the past is a good employment guidance for college students who are about to graduate.
The grass-roots world is vast, and guiding college students to find employment at the grass-roots level is not only the need to broaden employment channels, but also the requirement of social development.
To encourage college students to find employment at the grassroots level, it is also necessary to create a social atmosphere.