Employment of college graduates: the "two ends" are popular and the "middle" is cold
Experts recommend targeted to develop more stable employment initiatives, and guide college graduates and other young groups a reasonable choice in employment
Xinhua Daily Telegraph reporter Shao Luwen
June graduation season coming soon, various recruitment activities are carried out in full swing.
Xinhua Daily Telegraph Reporter survey found that this year's graduates of the University of scale a new record high, bring the employment pressure further increased.
At the same time, with the emergence of more outbreaks and the economy is facing downward pressure, there are multiple contradictions between the needs of employment and total employment, recruitment, "two" hot "intermediate" cold and so prominent.
Employment anxiety on the rise for some graduates
Education Department data show that college graduates this year, my country reached 1076 million, an increase of 1.67 million year on year, the scale and incremental record high.
Student Secretary, Ministry of Education Wang Hui said at a news conference by the international impact of the epidemic, two years overseas students to return home employment is increasing, as a whole, college graduates employment situation is severe and complicated.
Combined with data move last fall and the spring of this year, preliminary data trick of view, under more severe employment situation, employment remained stable base plate.
In February, Human Resources and Social Security Ministry spokesman Lu Ai-hong said at a news conference that the current employment situation is generally stable, better-than-expected new jobs in cities and towns 1269 million in 2021, exceeding the 11 million target task .
From ministries and commissions to local governments, new measures to stabilize employment have been introduced one after another, focusing on key points and implementing precise policies.
Ten departments including the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security launched a plan to raise millions of jobs and trainee positions, and clarified support policies such as subsidy support, tax support, and incentives; the Ministry of Education deployed a special campaign for national college secretaries and principals to visit enterprises and promote employment to expand employment. channel and jobs.
Many places have made practical moves around reducing the burden and stabilizing jobs and entrepreneurship services.
Shandong provides social security subsidies for small and micro enterprises that recruit college graduates who have not been employed within 2 years of leaving school, sign labor contracts for more than 1 year and pay social insurance premiums for them, up to a maximum of 1 year.
However, with the increase of employment pressure, the anxiety of some employment groups also follows.
In particular, many college graduates are worried about the reduction of jobs and the increase in competition, causing anxiety.
A recruitment platform surveyed more than 10,000 graduates of the class of 2022 and found that graduates' employment anxiety is real and frequent.
20.09% of graduates expressed mild employment anxiety, and 11.35% of graduates reported moderate anxiety.
For the 2022 graduates, the main reasons for employment anxiety are "lack of relevant internship experience/work experience" and "lack of professional skills required by the position", accounting for 30.24% and 24.66% respectively.
"Two" hot "intermediate" cold phenomenon highlights
The reporter's investigation found that in this year's recruitment season, there were some new contradictions, especially the contradiction between the supply and demand of talents, and the phenomenon that the "middle" of the "two ends" of the job market was cold.
For manufacturing companies, graduates from doctoral and technical colleges are still in high demand, while it is relatively difficult for undergraduates and even masters with the largest number of graduates to find jobs.
Last fall, FAW Jiefang Automobile Co., Ltd., located in Changchun, Jilin Province, recruited 2022 doctoral graduates, in addition to the promised annual salary of more than 350,000 yuan, there was a one-time settling fee of 500,000 yuan (after tax).
In China National Heavy Duty Truck Group, a person in charge of recruitment told reporters that a doctor can enjoy 500,000 yuan of settling allowance and 500,000 yuan of interest-free loan, plus an annual income of not less than 300,000 yuan, the doctor's entry can be a total of 500,000 yuan. get over one million yuan of general subsidies.
In mechanic college graduates is also sought.
Rong Lanxiang, dean of Shandong Lanxiang Technician College, said that employers come to the school half a year in advance to "book" students, and the school can arrange for graduates to work in which company if they pay the students high wages.
The number of university graduates, told reporters favorite positions are usually set up recruitment requirements degree or above, a number of skills required to meet the requirements of the job do not own, resulting in employment often "underachievement."
Hebei senior in a university computer Qiaotian Lun said that large companies often will be Dr. targeted recruitment, and removed from the first test, go directly to the interview stage.
But for undergraduate students, it should go through "cruel" rounds of screening, find a good job of probability is not high.
In addition, affected by the epidemic and the economic situation, the risk of large-scale unemployment in some industries has increased. Affected by this, graduates of related majors are facing greater difficulties in finding employment.
Under the impact of the epidemic, significantly affected the tourism industry.
Travel operators in the tourism industry has lifted more than ten years, affected by the epidemic, in recent years, poor efficiency.
"This year's severe epidemic situation around, a lot of scenic spots to close, also affected inter-provincial travel, business is very difficult, the travel agency has been forced to lay off." Praise, said the influx of tourism industry turnover the past two years is obvious.
For the tourism industry has 33 million practitioners, the public health, such as epidemics and other unexpected events give the industry a huge impact.
"With the decline in levels of economic prosperity, corporate jobs compression, to put pressure on the job market." Yao Kai, director of Fudan University Global Talent Development Branch Research Center, said that at present, the development of SMEs face greater difficulties in some industries, companies willingness to reduce the reappointment.
Under the epidemic, how well the supply and demand docking
Under epidemic, students want jobs can not get out, could not come recruiters, recruitment activities under the social suspended line, the line was changed to be some impact on the recruitment results.
For example, employment recruitment platform Big Data Shandong Qilu Talent Network show, after the 2022 Spring Festival, Shandong labor market supply and demand situation presents a different trend from previous years.
In previous years, companies active recruitment, job seekers in short supply.
The drop in demand this year, companies, job seekers more active.
Lu Peng, a graduate of Beijing Forestry University majoring in forest products and chemical engineering, said that from the beginning of the autumn recruitment, he planned to find a job in advance, but some companies had fewer jobs, and the interviews, internships and other links were inconvenient. In short, although there are some job opportunities, but so far have not found a very ideal position.
Affected by the epidemic, college students venture pressure increases.
"Returnees" relaxation told reporters, because the impact of the epidemic, nearly two years a lot of time in the country was forced to the Internet class, after graduation, friends and partners in the restaurant business venture, but the current situation, institutional investors expectations are not optimistic about the company's future development, it is difficult to get investment, operators face greater financial pressure.
According to the "Ranking of 100 Occupations in the Fourth Quarter of 2021 with Recruitment Greater Than "Least Lack of Jobs" in China released by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security in February this year, there is still a large talent gap in the manufacturing industry.
Among the 34 occupations with increasing shortages, 16 occupations are directly related to the manufacturing industry, accounting for 47.1%, such as "rebar workers", "mechanical fitters" and "textile dyers".
And a number of labor-intensive manufacturing company official said, the factory continued to intensify recruitment difficult situation, because the work intensity, relative to a single content and other reasons, more and more young people do not want to work in factories, and the high degree of freedom of choice flexible forms of employment.
For college students, there is also the phenomenon of "would rather deliver food than go to the factory".
"For the moment, the majority of technicians around the age of 40 years old, but there is a certain number of mechanic's fault." Jinan-quan Group Co., Ltd. Li Guanghao hiring managers said that after the students to internship, the students left, as companies tend to reserve strength to continue training.
Now, however, the proportion of student interns left is not large.
"A lot of students do not want to graduate into the factory, more willing to engage in live work, take-away and other Internet-related." Li Guanghao think, all remuneration, working conditions, rest periods and other factors decent young concern.
Improve safeguards to promote flexible employment
A number of relevant experts and business leaders believe that the current total employment pressure and structural contradictions still exist. While promoting economic recovery, more targeted measures to stabilize employment should be formulated.
For the current labor market situation, experts interviewed suggested that to further strengthen the judgments and the establishment of early warning mechanisms, to develop more new jobs at the same time stable Kong.
Professor of Sociology Department of the School of Philosophy and Social Development, Shandong University Meager said, to continue and expand employment opportunities, the introduction of small cities can encourage more students to the, to the grassroots units, SMEs to employment policies and initiatives.
Cai Fang, chief expert of the National High-end Think Tank of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, believes that the development of the new economy has created new forms of employment and more flexible forms of employment.
At present, there is still the problem of social security mismatch for people with flexible employment. In particular, the social security coverage for flexible employment groups is not sufficient, and it is difficult to adapt to the requirements of new employment forms. It is necessary to further explore new social security models for flexible employment groups. financial burden of employment.
The interviewed experts also believe that in terms of promoting employment, the tentacles extend to the offline labor market group.
From the aspects of standardizing and guiding the construction of the gig market, strengthening public employment services for gig workers, and protecting the employment rights of gig workers, specific measures are put forward to promote the full employment of gig workers.
For example, build an "Internet + gig market" to provide gig workers and employers with services such as gig information release, supply and demand docking, and online labor fee payment.
Many business leaders and grass-roots community sector official also suggested that aspects of individual development, welfare, social status, to strengthen incentives for workers to guide college graduates and other young populations reasonable choice of employment.
For example, open up the skilled workers rising channel, vigorously carry forward the spirit of artisans and craftsmen to enhance the social status of great power, the systematic introduction of highly skilled personnel incentives, reform of personnel evaluation system, broaden the ascending path of industrial workers.
By further increasing the political treatment of skilled workers, economic benefits, social benefits, the real "labor medal tilted to the front-line craftsmen" to attract more young people to enter technical positions.