Ban Yue Tan reporter Liu Fangzhou/Zhou Mian
When conducting research in rural areas, the most discussed issue among grass-roots cadres and village revitalization support team members is how to maintain the health and stability of the ledger while driving the sustainable and stable development of the village collective economy.
If you shrink your hands and sleep in the account, you will not be able to generate income, and you will miss opportunities; if you expand rapidly, the invisible debt burden will easily become a big hole, destroying the early results; even if you have a solid foundation, you can I am also worried that it will not survive the market cycle and die in the middle.
How to make the village collective economy start smoothly, develop steadily, and move forward steadily?
Banyuetan reporter visited three representative villages in Hunan Province.
They are all "starting from scratch", but each has found effective experience in capital investment, dividend sharing, and sustainable development through exploration and practice.
Opened the collective economic ledger of these three villages, Banyuetan reporter tried to unlock the successful code of rural revitalization.
Why start an industry from scratch?
Walking into Jinxing Village, Maoping Town, Chengbu Miao Autonomous County, Shaoyang City, Hunan Province, the photovoltaic power plant is facing the sun, the lotus base of more than 200 mu extends along the village road, the whole village is surrounded by green mountains, and the lotus pond reflects the newly renovated farmhouse.
It is hard to imagine that this was once a well-known impoverished village.
"The village is located in a mountainous area with far and remote roads. There is little arable land and low agricultural income in the village. All able villagers have gone out to work. The remaining villagers generally lack skills and can't build a big industry." Tang Xiaokuan, secretary of the party branch of Jinxing Village, recalled. .
Can Jinxing Village really get rich?
The work team and village cadres investigated and found that the village environment is well maintained. Although the land is scattered, rivers and woodlands are readily available. In addition, bridges, roads, drinking water and irrigation facilities have been improved during targeted poverty alleviation. Fill up, the disadvantage is likely to turn into an advantage.
Under the leadership of the two village committees and the working team stationed in the village, the villagers leveled the land and changed the scattered cultivated land into lotus ponds. In addition to viewing, the picked lotus seeds, lotus roots and cultivated lotus fish can be sold.
This comprehensive rural leisure tourism project with ethnic characteristics, mainly based on rice fields and lotus fish farming bases, realizes differentiated operation locally, attracts tourists from surrounding counties and cities to come to watch the lotus and fish, and has become a “turn from negative to positive” in the collective economy of the village. breakthrough.
At present, Jinxing Village has 9 cooperatives, 1 tourism company and 2 poverty alleviation workshops, providing employment for more than 150 people. More than 30% of the villagers participate in the tourism industry to increase income, adding more than 200,000 yuan to the village's collective economy.
Today, the village-level collective economic income of Jinxing Village has changed from a debt of several hundred thousand yuan to a stable annual income of more than 100,000 yuan.
Reporter's comment: The example of Jinxing Village proves that there is no such thing as a useless village, but only unexplored resources.
Through careful preliminary planning, Jinxing Village put limited funds on solving key shortcomings, which not only awakened the sleeping land, rivers and other ready-made resources, but also ensured the health of funds.
In the past, many village collective industries were not very successful, partly because they did not adapt to local conditions.
Some villages do not base themselves on their own reality, copying "successful experience" from other places, and blindly airborne projects that are out of tune with their own villages.
Behind the "scratch-up" gamble, a large amount of capital and manpower were buried in the initial investment, and due to the difficult production of profits and tight capital, it was difficult to invest again, and finally lost in the market competition.
Whether a village's industry has hope is not determined by how much money is invested.
For villages with weak foundations, to improve the industry must not be coveted to "match" in one step, but on the basis of fully ensuring the health of the capital chain, take small steps and "step on the clutch and slowly give oil".
Only by making the industry take the first step steadily and forming a positive circulation of cash flow can the village have the confidence to make the industry bigger and stronger.
How to use distribution to unite people's hearts?
In Queshan Village, Ningxiang City, Hunan Province, the modern vegetable and fruit greenhouses and rice cultivation bases covering more than 2,000 acres have attracted the admiration of the teams who came to visit and study.
But before 2014, it was a worrying village with a weak and sparse party organization. The village was heavily indebted and ranked at the bottom every year.
In 2014, Chen Jianhui, who was doing business abroad, served as the secretary of the village branch, and spent three months visiting more than 600 villagers.
Chen Jian learned that the land in Queshan Village is highly fragmented, the people and the land are unbalanced, and there are two extreme phenomena of "there are fields but no seeds" and "some people have no crops". The distribution of collective resources and income has always been confused, and the people's hearts Uneven, unwilling to contribute to the village collective.
Chen Jian was determined to reform.
From 2014 to 2015, the General Party Branch of Queshan Village held hundreds of meetings of the heads of households in the big hut farms, calling for the transfer of land throughout the village and the establishment of land cooperatives to realize the unified integration, development and management of land in the whole village.
Chen Jian also introduced 27 highly educated and high-quality talents to the village to invest and start businesses, while the land cooperatives and village collectives invested in the enterprises and became shareholders.
In 2016, after the breeding enterprise "Gluttonous Man" settled in the village, the village collective has invested in cash for three consecutive years, and currently accounts for 17.5% of the shares; the Yingjian Agricultural Development Company established with branch party members as the main body and the village as the unit, the village collective After several years of continuous investment, it also accounted for 17.5% of the shares.
Today, among the 25 existing business entities in the village, 7 are owned by the village collective investment.
In Queshan Village, some villager groups have 1 mu and 9 points of land per capita, and the least group has only 6 points of land per capita. In order to ensure fairness, Queshan Village implements the measure of dividing dividends according to the population instead of arable land. The villagers have guaranteed dividends (land dividends). Circulation income dividends), there are also secondary dividends (operating income dividends).
Revitalize idle assets, integrate available funds, and quantify the three capitals for shareholding and dividends... The village-level collective economy of Queshan Village has changed from a debt of 2.13 million yuan in 2014 to an income of 1.14 million yuan in 2021, of which 1.1 million yuan is operating income. The average income increased from 20,000 yuan to 32,000 yuan.
Chen Jian said that such a new type of agricultural production and operation system has realized the transformation of farmers into shareholders, assets into funds, and funds into shares.
Reporter's Comments: During the long-term research, reporter Banyuetan found that some villages became rich for a short time due to temporary capital and policy advantages, but due to the unreasonable distribution of profits, they could not drive the villagers to continue to concentrate and seek development, and soon fell into the old capital. situation.
It is easy to make money, but difficult to distribute reasonably. It is even more difficult to increase the enthusiasm of the villagers to become rich through distribution, thereby driving the village collective industry to become bigger and stronger.
However, this is an issue that all collective industries must consider.
The solution to this problem will directly determine whether the village's industry can become bigger and stronger, and it will enter the "rudimentary incubation period" of the industry.
The case of Queshan Village tells us: firstly, the cohesion of people's hearts is a major foundation for starting a business, so it must be based on this in the investment and dividend stages; secondly, effective and appropriate reinvestment is conducive to industrial upgrading and growth, and further increase villagers' income Therefore, it is necessary to take a long-term view and realize the benefits of increasing profits; thirdly, compared with the large-scale industry leaders, the village-run industry has a natural disadvantage in scale. Only by introducing strategic partners in a timely manner can make up for the scale disadvantage and achieve 1+1. >2 effect.
How can the collective economy be resilient?
Before 2015, Huangshi Village, Anhua County, Yiyang City, Hunan Province was still a desolate and poor valley, and the collective income of the village was basically zero.
In 2015, the village-based poverty alleviation team of the United Front Work Department of the Hunan Provincial Party Committee stationed in Huangshi Village and began to explore the development of the village's integrated tea and tourism industry. It was at the end of that year that Huang Yongping, a migrant worker, was persuaded to return to his hometown to serve as the village party. Branch secretary.
Huangshi Village has established a cooperative with rural tourism as its main business. After two years of development, the collective economy of Huangshi Village has broken through "zero embarrassment".
On Children's Day in 2018, the village received nearly 20,000 people in one day.
However, the good times did not last long, and the sudden outbreak of new coronary pneumonia disrupted the development plan of Huangshi Village.
Affected by the epidemic, the number of tourists has plummeted since 2020. At the worst time, there were no tourists in the village.
The monthly income cannot even cover the villagers' labor costs.
Huang Yongping said that the bottleneck of villages relying only on tourism to drive income has become prominent, and they must open their minds and sort out resources.
In recent years, Huangshi Village has developed more than 20 new business entities through the circulation and integration of land resources. On the basis of the existing tourism industry, it has cultivated characteristic agriculture such as tea, Tuhua pig, and peach.
The village has also actively invested in other tourism companies, which have increased profits every year.
Qingxi passes through the village, and the road extends to Chashan in the distance. Huangshi Village, which has multiple amusement projects such as slides, runners, and Internet celebrity bridges, as well as various leisure functions such as fishing and sightseeing, has been able to withstand the new crown pneumonia epidemic. impact.
"The cooperative earns more than 30,000 yuan in cooperation with tourism companies, and shares dividends of more than 50,000 yuan. In addition to the photovoltaic project and the brick factory in Murakami, the total income is close to 150,000 yuan." Huang Yongping said that compared with the original single income structure, Today, the collective income of the village is much richer, "even if one of the harvests fails, it will not affect the overall situation."
At present, Huangshi Village plans to use the hundreds of acres of empty forest on the mountain to develop the under-forest economy, plant Anhua Huang Jing, and create a new source of income.
Reporter's comment: Industrial development will always experience changes in cycles, policies and environments.
Some villages have a clever start in the development of their industries, and they have taken off rapidly in the midst of the cycle, but they have not adjusted their industrial structure and enriched their industrial layout in a timely manner.
When the tide goes out, there is always someone who is swimming naked.
After the village collective industry starts smoothly, it does not mean that future development can be rest assured.
In fact, only village collective industries that have crossed multiple market cycles can be called strong and mature, and can they dare to say that they have found a mature development model.
The example of Huangshi Village tells us that it is almost inevitable that the village collective industry will be hit by the market cycle, and how to turn the crisis into an opportunity will test the wisdom of the village cadres.
Identifying the weak points of the industry and quickly strengthening it, and aligning the industrial chain to improve impact resistance and market resilience will help the village collective industry to truly "jump over the gantry".