Better quality, smarter and greener

New kinetic energy helps spring ploughing to ensure supply and promote a bumper harvest (new economic orientation)

  The vernal equinox has passed, and with the temperature rising, all parts of the country seize the agricultural season and take multiple measures.

  On the black land of the Great Northern Wilderness in Heilongjiang, the rice transplanter is equipped with the Beidou navigation system, which makes automatic rice transplanting more accurate; the side-depth variable fertilizer applicator applies fertilizer while testing the soil, and each mouth of fertilizer is a customized "nutritious meal"; "One-click outbound and inbound", automatically go to the field to work according to the planned route.

  At the corn spring ploughing and seedling raising site in Daying County, Sichuan, a team of experts from Sichuan Agricultural University came to the field to teach farmers how to implement key techniques of replanting, such as corn plant shrinkage confidentiality and soybean expansion and lightening. Let the farmers harvest one more kidney beans.

  Selecting good seeds, building good fields, "smart farming" and "cloud planting", pollution control, reduction of chemical fertilizers... Spring ploughing and spring management lay the foundation for year-round grain production, which is crucial to securing a bumper harvest of grain and agriculture throughout the year.

The reporter visited many places to see the new picture of agricultural production this spring.

  Better quality-

  Variety optimization farmland upgrade

  The ice and snow melted, and the black soil was shiny.

In Gongqing Farm, Baoquanling Branch of Heilongjiang Beidahuang Group, the black soil in the border has been tumbling into rows of large ridges, preparing for the cultivation of soybeans in the "large ridge and dense" model.

At 7 o'clock in the morning, Shi Junhui, a 22-year-old "grain expert", was already climbing up and down to overhaul agricultural machinery.

In the warehouse, bags of seeds are piled up into hills. When you open the bags, you can see that they are golden and full.

"We must make the best preparations for spring planting!" Shi Junhui said that this year, all the 3,000 mu of land transferred by his family has been converted from corn to new varieties of high-protein soybeans.

  This year's No. 1 document proposes to vigorously implement the project to increase the production capacity of soybeans and oilseeds.

As the largest high-quality soybean production base in China, the soybean planting area in Heilongjiang Province accounts for more than 40% of the country, and the commodity rate reaches more than 80%.

In 2022, Heilongjiang plans to increase soybean production capacity and improve soybean quality. It is expected to increase soybean planting area by more than 10 million mu and increase soybean output by more than 2.6 billion kilograms.

  "After the corn and soybean rotation, we can lose weight and reduce medicines, reduce insects and damage, and the quality of crop production will double." Shi Junhui calculated the account, "This year, it is estimated that the producer subsidy for soybean is about 200 yuan higher than that of corn, plus the subsidy of 150 yuan for rotation. , the benefits of planting soybeans have increased, and the enthusiasm of farmers is also high."

  Next to Shi Junhui's driver's seat, there is a set of "Standardized Production Technical Regulations", "This is a key technical operation specification formulated by the Great Northern Wilderness technical department based on production factors such as varieties, soil, weeds, and climate, and according to local conditions, to standardize the production process, Refinement," he said.

  The three generations of Shi Junhui's ancestors and grandchildren are "Great Northern Wilderness". From the soybean yield of less than 100 catties per mu to the current average yield of nearly 400 catties per mu, it is inseparable from the upgrading of good seeds and good methods.

  In the laboratory of the Agricultural Technology Center of Gongqing Farm, technicians are conducting a seed germination test in front of rows of petri dishes.

"In order to cultivate soybean varieties with broad adaptability in alpine regions, the group established a breeding introduction test area in 2019, and selected a batch of new soybean varieties with high oil, high protein and high yield, among which 'Longken 306' set a record of 230 kg per unit yield last year. ” said Yan Jingchun, a laboratory technician.

  "The optimization and upgrading of varieties has provided a guarantee for the high yield of soybeans. This year, the soybean planting area of ​​Baoquanling Branch increased from 490,000 mu last year to 1.06 million mu, mainly selecting high-protein, high-yield and high-quality varieties, and striving to achieve an increase in soybean yield by 2 % or more." said Yang Rongjun, deputy general manager of Baoquanling Branch.

  High yields of grain and oil must be guaranteed by land. This year, 100 million mu of high-standard farmland will be built across the country. All localities should intensify efforts to transform low- and medium-yield fields and improve the level of arable land.

When I came to Panlong Village, Jinyuan Town, Daying County, the large rapeseed fields were full of vitality.

Not far away, several excavators were working, leveling the land and building access roads.

Chen Shanwu, head of the Lulufa Planting and Breeding Professional Cooperative in Daying County, introduced that this year, more than 8,000 acres of abandoned land are planned to be reclaimed in Jinyuan Town, and more than 6,000 acres have been completed. The reclaimed land is mainly used for the compound planting of soybean and corn strips.

  In order to improve the quality of farmland, Daying County has made efforts in both directions.

On the one hand, vigorously promote the restoration of abandoned land, and explore the mode of centralized restoration of village collective economic organizations and joint restoration of "company + village committee + farmers".

Up to now, more than 40,000 mu of abandoned land have been reclaimed.

On the other hand, we will continue to strengthen the construction of high-standard farmland. We plan to build 22,000 mu this year, and 20,000 mu have been completed so far.

Through the construction of high-standard farmland, Daying County, which is dominated by hills and landforms, has gradually realized a modern agricultural pattern of land leveling, centralized contiguousness, smooth machinery, and supporting irrigation and drainage.

  smarter-

  Intelligent Navigation for Mechanical Rice Transplanting

  Before and after the spring equinox, vegetation sprouts.

  He Congjin, a large grain grower in Huagang Town, Feixi County, Anhui Province, took out his mobile phone, selected the correct field, and set the flight altitude and speed. Route spraying.

  "In the past few days, some wheat leaves have turned yellow, and there are still spots on the wheat stalks. I am afraid that they have contracted sheath blight. We must pay close attention to preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests." He Congjin said that in the past, spraying medicine was a problem. "With the use of plant protection drones, 100 acres of land can be completed in half an hour."

  As the head of the Shuangquan Agricultural Machinery Farmers Professional Cooperative in Feixi County, He Congjin is very familiar with smart agricultural machinery.

He calculated the account: Hire someone to work, 150 yuan a day, and have to pay for meals.

UAVs can spray pesticides and fertilize, saving time and effort, and the government returns subsidies.

  Entering the Shuangquan Agricultural Machinery Farmers Professional Cooperative, rotary tillers, harvesters and rice transplanters are readily available.

More than 30 sets of agricultural machinery serve the agricultural planting area of ​​more than 60,000 mu of farmers in surrounding towns and towns a year.

"This year, a smart device has been installed that can drive autonomously and plan the path of rice transplanting." Pointing to the unmanned rice transplanter, He Congjin said that it will come in handy in May.

  In recent years, Feixi County has vigorously promoted advanced and applicable new machinery and new technologies. On the one hand, it has continuously improved the socialized service capabilities of agricultural machinery and accelerated the cultivation of agricultural machinery cooperative directors and agricultural machinery operators; on the other hand, it has guided village-level organizations to participate in agricultural production trusteeship and agricultural machinery. Job grid service.

  Big data-driven "new farm tools" are even more magical, and high-tech escorts spring ploughing.

At present, the comprehensive mechanization rate of crop cultivation and harvesting in the country is 72%. It is expected that more than 22 million units (sets) of agricultural machinery and equipment will be put into production this spring.

  In the intelligent darkroom seedling raising factory of Beidahuang Group Qixing Farm Co., Ltd., the robotic arm of the gantry crane lifted nearly 2 tons of seeds and easily transferred them to the hydrogen peroxide germination production line.

Three years ago, the same process required more than a dozen workers to carry it several times.

Soaking seeds and germination, sowing and watering, covering soil and raising seedlings - in the factory, from seeds to seedlings, the whole process is intelligent and unmanned, and the staff only needs to sit in front of the screen to operate remotely.

  "In the past, I had to hire people to support the greenhouses to raise seedlings. Now it is an intelligent assembly line operation. The seedlings grow evenly and have strong resistance to stress. Last year, the yield per mu increased by more than 30 kilograms." The cost saving and efficiency increase are more than 80 yuan per mu.

This year, more than 80% of his family's 300 acres of land will use intelligently-grown seedlings in batches. The multi-functional rail transport vehicle connects the "workshop" to the "field", and the factory seedlings are sent directly to the fields.

  "Field" is connected to "Space" again through a small mobile phone.

"This year, all the rice fields in my family have used the Beidou navigation system, saving five or six thousand yuan in labor costs, and the planting is straighter and more tidy." Watering and drainage on demand; leaf age distribution map with leaf age collection equipment, which can be managed differently according to crop growth; high-altitude remote sensing map, which can quickly find and control pests and diseases...

  At present, the contribution rate of agricultural science and technology progress in Heilongjiang Province has reached 69%, and the comprehensive agricultural mechanization rate has reached 98%.

"In the Great Northern Wilderness, advanced technologies such as intelligent breeding, precision on-demand sowing, leaf age management, variable fertilization, satellite navigation, automatic driving, unmanned driving, and agricultural monitoring have been widely promoted and applied." Secretary of the Party Committee of Beidahuang Agricultural Reclamation Group Co., Ltd. Chairman Wang Shoucong introduced that in 2021, Beidahuang Group will build 6 large-scale unmanned farms with a core demonstration area of ​​35,000 mu.

"This year, six more unmanned farms will be built, and we will strive to achieve an area of ​​more than 200,000 mu of unmanned agricultural machinery throughout the year."

  greener -

  Fertilizer saving, environmental protection, cost reduction and efficiency increase

  "The field is Vetch, a kind of green manure. After the flowers bloom, the ground is deeply ploughed to provide nutrients for rice cultivation. As for the pest damage, it is solved by the solar trapping and insecticidal lamps installed last year." Sanhe Town, Feixi County Wei Hong, a major grain grower in the Binhu community, introduced that the lights are lit every 30 acres of land, and when they light up at night, they can lure pests and carry out pest control.

  Wei Hong is 49 years old this year. The more than 1,000 mu of land in circulation is located in the first-class protection area of ​​the Chaohu Lake Basin.

In the past, in order to fight for high yields, chemical fertilizers and pesticides were not used sparingly.

Over time, it not only pollutes the soil, but also affects the water quality.

  Gradually, organic fertilizers replaced chemical fertilizers, and solar insecticidal lamps reduced the use of pesticides.

The wheat and rice in the fields are also growing better and better.

"Although the cost has risen, organic fertilizer can subsidize 200 yuan per mu of land, which is not much difference." Wei Hong said.

  "Ziyunying was sown just a few years ago. If it is planted well, the amount of chemical fertilizers used can be reduced by 20%, and the content of soil organic matter can also be increased." said Sun Jianzheng, a senior agronomist at the Feixi Agricultural Comprehensive Service Center.

In order to create green ecological agriculture, Feixi County has continuously promoted the reduction of the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and planted 27,000 mu of green rice in the first-class protection area of ​​the Chaohu Lake Basin.

Vigorously promote the "green manure + high-quality rice" planting model and organic fertilizers to replace chemical fertilizers, biological control, physical control and other green planting technologies. The county has planted 15,000 mu of green manure, and the green production area of ​​high-quality grain has reached 390,000 mu, a year-on-year increase of 44.5%.

  As of last year, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in my country has experienced negative growth for five consecutive years, and the overall pass rate for quality and safety monitoring of agricultural products has reached 97.6%.

This year's Central No. 1 document proposes to promote the green development of agriculture and rural areas.

Strengthen the comprehensive control of agricultural non-point source pollution, further promote the reduction of agricultural inputs, and strengthen the resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure.

  "When summer comes, ducks are caught on the left and live fish are caught on the right." Standing on the ridge, Li Yucheng, chairman of Yucheng Cooperative in Huachuan County, Heilongjiang, introduced that through three-dimensional planting techniques such as duck rice, crab rice, shrimp rice, and fish rice , There is no need for chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides in the rice fields, only some organic fertilizers made from livestock and poultry manure.

This year, the area of ​​such organic rice fields in the cooperative has increased by 53% compared with last year, reaching 2,000 mu.

"One mu of organic rice fields earns 500 yuan more than ordinary fields."

  "In ordinary paddy fields, the average usage of chemical fertilizers per mu has also dropped by more than 400 catties in five years." Li Yucheng said that new agricultural machinery such as farmyard manure spreaders and side-depth fertilisers brought new technologies.

Straw returning to the field, deep side fertilization, soil testing formula... "The technicians of the Agricultural Technology Center test the soil formula piece by piece, customize a 'nutritious meal' for the black soil, better fertilize the soil, fertilize accurately, reduce costs, increase efficiency and become greener Environmental friendly."

  At present, the comprehensive utilization rate of straw in Jiamusi City exceeds 95%, the comprehensive utilization rate of livestock and poultry manure resources exceeds 90%, and the certified area of ​​green organic food exceeds 15 million mu.

  Data source: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs

  Reporter Zhang Yikai Youyi Song Haoxin