The youth economy says that the problem of employment structure mismatch needs to be solved urgently
. Are young people really "fleeing" from factories?
"Improving the attractiveness of factories is the key. The manufacturing industry should not complain that young people are unwilling to enter the factory, but think more about how to improve their working conditions." Zeng Xiangquan suggested that from the protection of rights and interests, institutional mechanisms, vocational education, employment efficiency and other aspects Start, ensure the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry, and let more young people embrace the real economy.
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During the National Two Sessions this year, a proposal on "encouraging young people to deliver less food and go to factories" sparked heated discussions, bringing to the surface the coexistence of "difficulty in finding employment" and "difficulty in recruiting workers" for blue-collar workers.
According to data from the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, in the third quarter of 2021, 58 of the 100 occupations with "the most job shortages" in the country are "manufacturing and related personnel". Nearly 30 million people, the gap rate is as high as 48%.
Where have all the "blue-collar workers" who should have been diligently seeking and refining their skills on the job?
Why no longer aspire to become an indispensable "skilled craftsman" in the field?
"Not free" is one of the reasons for "fleeing"
Doing live broadcasts, driving online car-hailing... With the birth of the digital economy, flexible employment has opened up new employment ideas for young people.
According to the National Bureau of Statistics, by the end of 2021, there are 200 million people in flexible employment in my country. Compared with the total employment population of about 750 million, the proportion of flexible employment has exceeded a quarter, and many of them are from factories. "escape".
There is a race against time to deliver express delivery, take out food in the wind and rain... "Low salary, long working hours, and high intensity" are the important reasons for many young workers to leave.
Zhou Guangsu, an associate professor at Renmin University of China, believes that as an emerging industry, the labor productivity of the digital economy and the economic value it creates may "overshadow" many traditional industries.
For example, different statistical calibers show that the average monthly salary of takeaway riders is between 4,500 yuan and 5,000 yuan, and even more than 10,000 yuan, not to mention network anchors.
"Not free" is also one of the reasons why many young workers "flee".
Wu Duanhua, a representative of the National People's Congress and an auto worker at the Zhuzhou Branch of BAIC Co., Ltd., said that the employment concept and employment intention of contemporary young people with high education are undergoing major changes: a job with freedom of time and environment is far better than "mechanical, repetitive, and valuable." Some factory jobs with low content" are attractive.
The shortage of "blue collar" has become a pressing concern for many companies.
Zeng Xiangquan, a professor at the School of Labor and Human Resources of Renmin University of China and director of the China Employment Research Institute, found that many manufacturing and foreign trade companies were "crazy recruiting", and even a company with more than 2,000 people hired 11 companies. Intermediaries help with recruitment.
On the other hand, urban and rural employment pressure is increasing, and many laborers cannot find suitable jobs.
Regarding this mismatch of employment structure, Wu Duanhua believes that this is because there has been a long-term problem of information asymmetry and mismatch of talent structure between blue-collar people and job requirements, which seriously hinders employment efficiency.
He believes that blue-collar groups in my country generally have low education and low skills, especially the lack of systematic training and learning for migrant workers, which does not match the job skills required for manufacturing upgrades.
This is also an important reason for the factory's "difficulty in recruiting workers".
"New blue collar" also has new problems
The new business format has brought more choices to young workers, but it has also brought many new problems to the urban "new blue-collar workers" represented by online car-hailing drivers and takeaways.
During the two sessions this year, Li Dajin, a member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and director of the Tianda Republican Law Firm, brought a "Proposal on Suggesting that Attention should be paid to the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the New Labor Group".
"New blue-collar workers" serve the streets and alleys of the city, but they are in a relatively weak position in urban life, facing problems such as unstable rental housing and difficulty in integrating into the city.
Li Dajin found by reviewing judicial judgments that there are not only algorithms in the food delivery system, but also many corporate companies. Insurance, no labor security "three no" groups.
This is also a common problem faced by flexible workers.
"Er Dong and Xiaoming", the UP masters of Station B who came out of the traditional industry, told reporters from China Youth Daily and China Youth Daily that the risks and benefits of new occupations are proportional, "The UP masters seem to have low thresholds and make more money, but it is precisely because of In this way, the competition is very fierce, and no one can guarantee that their content will last, it is not easy to stand out, and they are at risk of being eliminated at any time.”
On the other hand, having a daughter in hand is not as good as a skill.
In this year's government work report, it is mentioned that 100 billion yuan of unemployment insurance funds should be used to support job stabilization and training, accelerate the cultivation of urgently needed talents for the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry, allow more workers to master a skill, and let more than 360 talents in the industry. come out in large numbers.
"If you just run errands to deliver food, you may not be able to do it at a certain age, but if you are in the manufacturing industry, your technical skills will become harder and harder, and your development prospects will be broader. You can become a great country craftsman and national pillar." Wu Duanhua believes that at present, This "new blue-collar" employment is not sustainable.
For example, after the unmanned delivery technology is promoted, where will the existing riders go?
How to meet the skill requirements of new blue-collar workers in the future?
Zhou Guangsu also said that skill improvement is a long-term guarantee, and it is extremely important to continuously acquire knowledge accumulation and growth at work. It is recommended that young people pay attention to the balance between short-term interests and long-term development goals.
How to solve the "escape" dilemma
Advanced manufacturing is a solid foundation for a modern economic system and an important support for national competitiveness. It requires a large number of high-quality technical and technical personnel, skilled craftsmen, and craftsmen from major countries to join it, and the employment of blue-collar groups is linked to the well-being of the people at one end and the welfare of the people at the other end. social stability.
Therefore, the problem of "hollowing out" industrial workers is a difficult problem that must be solved on the road of high-quality development in my country.
"Improving the attractiveness of factories is the key. The manufacturing industry should not complain that young people are unwilling to enter the factory, but think more about how to improve their working conditions." Zeng Xiangquan suggested that from the protection of rights and interests, institutional mechanisms, vocational education, employment efficiency and other aspects Start, ensure the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry, and let more young people embrace the real economy.
He proposed that local governments implement accelerated depreciation and other preferential tax and fee systems for manufacturing enterprises, promote digital transformation and upgrading, and at the same time strive to improve the working and living environment of grass-roots workers, including increasing cultural, sports and entertainment facilities; Wage subsidies, implementation of workers' rights and interests protection, support and regulation of intermediary services and other policies and measures that are conducive to the long-term development of the manufacturing industry, etc.
As a representative of blue-collar workers, Wu Duanhua put forward two suggestions: First, the human resources and social sector departments should introduce relevant support policies to support the development of innovative recruitment models, such as the short video platform "live broadcast with jobs", to achieve high-efficiency matching between blue-collar group employment and factory recruitment; The second is to further promote the integration of the digital economy platform and the real economy, and integrate with the real economy from various aspects such as industrial upgrading, blue-collar employment, and commodity trading to achieve compliant and healthy development.
According to a report by Tianfeng Securities Research Institute, the size of my country's blue-collar online recruitment market in 2020 will be 22.8 billion yuan, and it will grow at an annual rate of over 40% in the next five years. It is expected to reach 128.5 billion yuan by 2025.
In December last year, CATL, a leading new energy company, and human resources anchors launched a special session of "Live Streaming with Posts" on a short video platform. The cumulative number of viewers exceeded 250,000, and more than 1,000 people applied for the job.
Zhao Zhong, deputy dean of the School of Labor and Human Resources of Renmin University of China, believes that by submitting human resources service licenses, accepting platform management and real-time supervision of audiences, the "live broadcast" of short video platforms has expanded the scale, breadth and depth of the market. , reducing the cost of information matching and increasing the overall social welfare.
China Youth Daily and China Youth Daily trainee reporter Wei Wan, reporter Wang Lin Source: China Youth Daily