In the job market after the Spring Festival, there is an urgent need for employers, fresh graduates, and migrant workers to speed up the connection between supply and demand——
After the holiday "window period", where to find employment opportunities
【Economic interface】
On the 13th day of the first lunar month, manufacturing enterprises in Foshan, Guangdong started a hot day in the busy recruitment process; fresh graduates in Beijing were screening suitable jobs and nervously preparing for online and offline interviews; workers from Xing'an League in Inner Mongolia were in In the morning light, I got on a chartered car bound for Tianjin, with the hope of increasing income in one year... From winter to spring, the rhythm of resumption of work, production and employment is hurried.
However, in the face of difficulties such as difficulty in recruiting employees for enterprises and difficult employment for college students, how to effectively connect the employment gap with the huge number of employed people?
How to ensure the smooth employment of migrant workers?
1. Employing enterprises - "grabbing people" becomes the highlight
A long line with no end in sight turned a few corners at the entrance of Gongmei Building and extended a few hundred meters north.
This is the hot scene in front of an Olympic merchandise franchise store in Dongcheng District, Beijing this winter.
After the opening of the Beijing Winter Olympics, the "Bingdundun" plush toys, badges, keychains and other commodities in the official Olympic flagship store online were instantly "empty"; Hard to find".
This is a booming industrial chain - one end is the enthusiasm of consumers to buy, and the other end is the "expedited" production in factories.
Behind the new consumption hotspot is the huge demand for workers in the manufacturing industry.
Before the end of the Spring Festival holiday, some licensed production enterprises began to urgently recall workers to start work and complete the growing orders at full speed.
With the resumption of work after the holiday, factories around the world are rushing to produce, and "snatching people" has also become the highlight.
Many manufacturing factories have shown their "big tricks": a factory in Zhengzhou, Henan gave a total of 8,000 yuan in rebate bonuses to introducers and recruits; a factory in Changsha, Hunan offered a maximum of 17,000 yuan on recruitment posters Dollar rebate bonus.
In Shunde District, Foshan, Guangdong, a large number of home appliance industrial parks have developed and formed my country's small home appliance industry belt, which has also brought a large number of employment opportunities.
With the resumption of production after the holiday, recruitment and entry are in full swing here.
"At present, it has entered the stage of large-scale recruitment in spring, and a large number of industrial workers need to be recruited. The main positions are mainly front-line production workers and technical personnel." Wen Zhijian, deputy manager of the recruitment department of Xinbao Human Resources Center, told reporters, "The recruitment starts from the beginning of the new year. Five has already started."
"In order to meet orders and deliver on time, we do have a relatively large demand for migrant workers. At present, most of the recruited employees are from Guangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, etc." Yin, Senior Manager of the Personnel Comprehensive Department of the Eighth Manufacturing Group of Xinbao Co., Ltd. Meiying said.
"The difficulty of recruiting employees after the Spring Festival holiday is prominent, which is related to seasonal factors and the insufficient urbanization and mobility of migrant workers." Ding Saier, a researcher at the China Academy of Labor and Social Security, pointed out that because many migrant workers have not yet returned home When returning to the city to return to work or re-select jobs, the number of companies recruiting for supplementary employees is relatively large. Some companies are in urgent need of hiring people due to the sudden increase in short-term orders, resulting in aggravated labor shortages.
On the whole, the manufacturing industry has indeed shown a labor shortage in recent years.
Data show that by 2025, the total number of talents in the ten key fields of China's manufacturing industry will be close to 62 million, and the talent demand gap will be about 30 million, with a gap rate of 48%.
In 2021, a survey of more than 90,000 industrial enterprises above designated size by the National Bureau of Statistics showed that about 44% of enterprises reported that the difficulty in recruiting was the biggest problem they faced, and this proportion was also a new high in recent years.
At the recruitment site, Yin Meiying also encountered many difficulties: "Working in a factory was an extremely honorable thing in the past, but now many people think that there is no future for working in a factory. The group of students who have just graduated are also reluctant to enter the factory. When working in factories, some young people are more willing to join service industries such as beauty salons. Even if employees are already employed, they will face issues such as the stability of front-line personnel and the schooling of children of migrant workers.”
2. College graduates - skilled talents are good for employment
Turning on the phone, various job-hunting apps sent dozens of messages to Zhou Qing.
"Some are the news communicated with the recruiting staff, and some are new positions pushed." Since entering the autumn recruitment in September last year, Zhou Qing, a fresh graduate of a university in Beijing, has entered a high-intensity job search for resumes, written tests, and interviews. .
Checking new content every day, communicating with recruiting staff, and actively preparing for online and offline interviews have become her daily routine from the year before to the year after.
"At present, I have received employment notices from 3 companies, and some companies have paid more than my expected salary, but I would like to try to see if there are better opportunities." After the Spring Festival, although it is not yet time to return to school, Zhou Qing has already started to screen the newly released positions to prepare for the spring recruitment.
In this active "preparation", Zhou Qing did feel the pressure of employment.
"I applied for the school recruitment of a 'big factory' before, and among the dozens of school recruitment positions posted, R&D accounted for more than half." For Zhou Qing, who is studying business administration, there are not many marketing positions, and at the same time, she faces challenges from Competition from many job seekers.
"The position I reported was recruiting 2 people. In the news notification group pulled by the recruitment staff, there were about 50 people who signed up." Zhou Qing told reporters.
The 2022 class of college graduates will usher in a graduation season with considerable employment pressure.
Data show that the 2022 class of college graduates across the country is expected to be 10.76 million, exceeding 10 million for the first time.
In recent years, under the pressure of employment, in addition to direct employment, the destinations of ordinary college graduates have become more diverse.
Previously, the "2021 College Student Employability Survey Report" released by Zhaopin Recruitment showed that among the 2021 graduates who participated in the survey, 56.9% of the college students chose to join the employment force after graduation, a decrease of 18.9 percentage points from 2020; 15.8% chose freelance jobs , an increase of 8.1 percentage points year-on-year; 12.8% chose slow employment, an increase of 6.6 percentage points year-on-year.
In terms of industry selection, the Internet industry is favored by more than 25% of graduates, becoming the industry that graduates are most looking forward to; real estate, entertainment, and finance follow closely; production, processing, and manufacturing account for 7%. ranked fifth.
Fu Linghui, a spokesman for the National Bureau of Statistics, pointed out: "In terms of structure, the difficulty of college students' employment and the difficulty of enterprise recruitment coexist."
According to Dinsell's analysis, the main factors for college students' employment difficulties are: first, the pressure on the total employment of graduates; second, the structural contradiction of employment is still prominent; third, there are still shortcomings in employment services, and there are blocking points in employment channels.
To help college students find employment, it is necessary to promote the adaptation of college education to industrial needs, expand employment opportunities through multiple channels, optimize employment services, and reduce the impact of structural and frictional factors.
Compared with graduates from ordinary colleges and universities, in this peak recruitment season, many students from middle and senior vocational and technical colleges are often scrambled by major companies before they graduate.
Not long ago, topics such as "vocational school students with 2 to 4 offers (entry notice)" and "vocational and technical college students are sacked before they graduate" have been on the Internet.
Statistics show that in the past five years, the employment rate of vocational graduates has stabilized at about 90% after half a year, and the employment rate of secondary vocational graduates has stabilized at about 95% after half a year.
"Now, companies need skilled assembly line workers, and high-quality talents with certain professional skills are in short supply." Yin Meiying analyzed, "Under the overall trend of the digital and intelligent transformation of the manufacturing industry, employees are not just simple operators. It is necessary to have certain relevant professional knowledge, and the entry threshold is gradually increasing. It is hoped that vocational colleges can better guide students' employment choices based on market employment conditions, and at the same time, combined with the requirements of enterprises for skilled workers, can be targeted. To carry out relevant skills and technical education, improve professional skills, and better meet the needs of future manufacturing employment.”
3. Migrant workers - multiple guarantees for employment
On the 13th day of the first month, Ma Cheng, a villager in Xinsheng Village, Haolibao Town, Zhalaite Banner, Xing'an League, Inner Mongolia, and six friends from the same village took a rented car to Tianjin.
"Now we go to work in other places, and the local services and guarantees are in place. Not only do we not need to spend money on renting a car, but we don't need to contact us for work. We can just work there." Speaking of the "through train" policy for migrant workers, Ma Cheng said.
The industries in first- and second-tier cities are developing rapidly, providing a large number of job opportunities.
Like Ma Cheng, after the Spring Festival holiday, workers in many places have already embarked on their way back to work.
A few days ago, more than 600 migrant workers from Zunyi, Guizhou, took the special train for returning to work for free from Zunyi Station, and went to Guangzhou and Zhuhai to return to work.
Fujian, Fuzhou, Quanzhou and other places also use chartered flights, chartered cars, and special trains to pick up migrant workers point-to-point to ensure their safe return to work.
Migrant workers can make money, but there are also many risks.
"After the probation period of some companies, the wages cannot fulfill their promises, and some migrant workers cannot get a reasonable income. Some people can't find stable jobs and have to change several places a year." Inner Mongolia Xing'an League Migrant Work Station Station Chief Li Lidong said, "In Inner Mongolia Xing'an League, the unified labor assistance for villagers to go out to work can ensure that when migrant workers encounter difficulties, the government will pay the bottom line to get the guaranteed income, which relieves the worries of the villagers going out to work."
"Before going out to work, the Human Resources and Social Security Department specially organized personnel to give us a one-month training. Now I work as an electric welder in a steel structure factory in Tianjin, and I earn more than unskilled workers." Ma Cheng told reporters that before The family members are all engaged in farming and animal husbandry in the local area, with an annual income of about 30,000 yuan, while working as a skilled worker in Tianjin earns about 100,000 yuan per year.
Across the country, extensive technical training has enabled migrant workers to increase their incomes effectively.
During the Spring Festival this year, Henan increased the supply of online vocational skills training courses, launched a batch of training courses suitable for migrant workers, and guided those who are willing to be employed to participate in skills training; Guangzhou, Guangdong launched the "New Year Skills Free Learning" activity, and selected the total number of More than 200 high-quality courses with a duration of more than 2,000 hours provide skills improvement guarantee for migrant workers.
Before and after the Spring Festival holiday this year, more guarantees were also provided for migrant workers from all over the country, and a bridge between employment and employment was built through activities such as "Live Streaming with Posts" and "Spring Breeze Action".
From January 27th to 29th, during the live recruitment event held in Laian County, Anhui Province, 35 local companies provided tens of thousands of jobs for job seekers through various online platforms.
At the large-scale on-site promotion meeting of "Spring Breeze Action" in Xiangyang, Hubei Province to guarantee employment and promote employment, nearly 1,000 high-quality enterprises and more than 70,000 jobs have solved the difficulty in recruiting enterprises and job seekers to find jobs, and promoted the guarantee of employment and employment in the first quarter. A good start."
Dinsell pointed out that at present, the fundamentals of my country's long-term economic stability have not changed, the employment priority policy has been continuously improved and strengthened, employment services have become more accurate, the employment environment has been more equitable, and the employment situation has been generally stable.
(Our reporter Yao Yaqi)