Protect cultivated land and consolidate the foundation of food production (economic focus)
General Secretary Xi Jinping presided over a meeting of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee to study the work of "three rural" and emphasized in his important speech, "The protection requirements of cultivated land must be very clear, the 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land must live up to its name, and farmland is farmland, and it must be Good field".
It is imperative to implement the strictest cultivated land protection system, resolutely curb the "non-agriculturalization" of cultivated land and prevent "non-grain".
Heilongjiang, Guangxi, Fujian and other places are exploring effective measures to protect cultivated land according to local conditions, striving to improve soil fertility, vigorously transform low- and medium-yield fields, improve farmers' willingness to grow grain through socialized services, and strive to make full use of valuable cultivated land.
--editor
Sifangtai District, Shuangyashan City, Heilongjiang
Protect the black land to increase production and income
"This is our village's 'experimental demonstration field'." Tian Rong divided the field into two, pushed aside the snow layer, and the 20 ridges in the east were ploughed year after year, and the oil was black and shiny; "Guess how much the yield per mu is, more than 140 catties!"
Yang Guohua is a villager in Kaoshan Village, Sifangtai District, Shuangyashan City, Heilongjiang Province.
Stepping into the small courtyard of the Yang family, golden corn piled up into a hill.
"Last year, more than 1,600 kilograms of grain per mu of land! The soil strength of the black land has increased, and so will the output!" Yang Guohua looked happy when he opened the ledger in the house.
In the past two years, the yield of corn per mu has increased by 200 to 300 kilograms per year, and the annual income has increased by 40,000 yuan. "I have enough money on my hands. After the year, I need to pack more land, buy a high-horsepower tractor, and a light no-till planter! "
But when asked about the days four or five years ago, Yang Guohua bluntly said that he did not expect that the black land would also be out of power.
At that time, the black soil in the saying "grasping the black soil to make oil flowers", but "digging a block of black soil like a stone", the ability to store water and maintain moisture was very limited.
Fortunately, at the end of 2019, a package of black land protection policies came.
"Each subsidy is more than 22,000 yuan, which is almost a half discount. How strong is the country!" Yang Guohua was the first to buy a no-till planter in the village.
No-tillage sowing, deep plowing, intercropping... After several rounds of field visits, experts from the Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Sifangtai District determined the strategy of "adjusting measures to local conditions and managing soil by classification".
"Soybean and grain intercropping allows ventilation and light penetration, saves fertilizer, and significantly increases the content of organic matter in the ground." Yang Guohua said that according to the soil quality of his own plots, more than 200 acres of land were separately ploughed and plowed. A new model of planting and no-till sowing.
The deep ploughing operation, which has the widest application area, requires the land to be contiguous and concentrated, and village cadres work from house to house.
"A subsidy of 600 yuan will be given to the land for every turn of the land. It's a matter of state support!" From the Kangtou to the village, Yang Guohua walked the streets and alleys, talking about science and making detailed accounts. "The straw is crushed and buried, which increases soil fertility. Reduce pest damage, and besides, you will save money on stubble removal in autumn!"
In the autumn harvest of 2020, seeing a truckload of corn cobs full of large ears, the villagers were filled with joy.
According to statistics, after applying a series of new technologies such as deep ploughing and soil preparation, the yield per mu of the village increased by about 15% year-on-year.
Build high-standard farmland that can be irrigated and drained, with a coverage rate of over 60% in the whole area; 1,300 mu of coal mining subsidence arable land will be backfilled with stripped soil and treated in batches; black soil arable land should be turned over to the fullest, and inter-planting and inter-planting training should be carried out to promote Organic fertilizers replace chemical fertilizers in a large area... In 2021, the average content of soil organic matter in Sifangtai District will reach 44.14 grams per kilogram, an increase of 19% compared to 2018.
"Crop straw, livestock and poultry manure, waste agricultural film, pesticide packaging... these should not be thrown around." After lunch, Yang Guohua, who is also a grid worker, drove around for inspection, "The wealth of future generations, we can Gotta keep it up."
Tianyang District, Baise City, Guangxi
Thin soil turns into fertile fields and villages have a new look
On the morning of January 27, along the slowly flowing Youjiang River, the reporter came to Neijiang Village, Naman Town, Tianyang District, Baise City, Guangxi, which is located on the bank of the river.
The village's fields are full of greenery, these are cherry tomatoes vines planted by the villagers.
During the period of rice planting, farmers adopt the "rice-vegetable" or "rice-rice-vegetable" crop rotation mode to balance soil nutrients and lay a solid foundation for the next season of grain planting.
The ground is full of greenery, the open land and the level canals are a vibrant scene.
But just a few years ago, the village was not like this: because it is located in a river valley, the terrain is low and the drainage is poor. When it rains, it becomes a small pond.
To this end, many farmers came to Huang Wenzhen, deputy secretary of the Party branch of Neijiang Village, for advice.
In April 2021, Neijiang Village launched a farmland restoration project to help villagers level the land and rebuild and expand canals.
During that time, the roar of machines and the sound of running vehicles echoed in the ground.
Carload after carload of loess was transported down from the mountain and filled into the ground.
"When filling the soil, first push the original topsoil in the ground to both sides, then fill in the newly transported loess, and finally cover the topsoil." Villager Huang Guangda said that the technical staff of the town's agricultural service center told him This can improve low-lying and maintain fertility.
The land has become more level, but the scattered small plots are still not conducive to mechanized production.
Therefore, Neijiang Village demolished part of the ridge, and connected the scattered plots into one piece for unified planning.
"The land is now suitable for the operation of agricultural machinery. When the rice is harvested in August, the agricultural machinery can be driven directly into the field to smash the straw, saving time and effort!" said Tan Chaoxi, deputy director of the Tianyang District Agriculture and Rural Bureau.
In addition to the changes in the land, new and smooth canals have also been repaired.
"How deep and wide are the canals? How can they be arranged so that they can both drain and divert water? The agricultural technicians in Tianyang District have helped us plan these issues!" Huang Wenzhen said.
Looking around, a strip of gray-white water canals meandering forward along the ridge.
"Drought can be irrigated, flooded can be drained, and there is no need to rely on the sky for food!" Huang Guangda said.
"Brother Huang, don't forget to apply some organic fertilizer!" Xie Zengxiu, the head of the Tianyang District Soil and Fertilizer Workstation, stood on the edge of the field and shouted at Huang Guangda, who was still arranging the vines of the cherry tomatoes.
After one season of rice planting, the soil is easy to harden. Adding organic fertilizer can increase the microorganisms in the soil, improve the soil structure and improve the permeability.
"Relying on crop rotation and green manure planting, the soil fertility in the village has improved a lot, and the yield of rice per mu has also increased from 800 catties to more than 1,000 catties now." Huang Wenzhen said.
Since 2019, Tianyang District has completed the transformation of 45,000 mu of low- and medium-yield fields.
In 2021, another 20,000 mu of low- and medium-yield fields will be rebuilt to integrate arable land, ensure smooth irrigation and drainage, and improve soil structure.
"If you have good land, you can grow good grain." Tan Chaoxi said.
Jianou City, Nanping City, Fujian Province
Cooperatives are enthusiastic about recruiting farmers
The spring ploughing season was approaching, and it was drizzling in the early morning. Zhan Renai, the head of Liqun Agricultural Machinery Professional Cooperative in Jianou City, Nanping City, Fujian Province, brought Zhang Chaoxin, a farmer from Xiabao Village, Xiaoqiao Town, to the nursery field. Into the shed.
Lifting off the plastic film on the seedling tray, he took out tweezers to gently poke the culture soil, and Zhan Renai picked out a sprouted corn seed to examine it carefully.
"It's been warm these two days, the seedlings grow fast, and they can be planted in a few days."
As an agricultural social service organization, Liqun Agricultural Machinery Professional Cooperative mainly provides services such as seedling raising, machine farming, and machine planting.
According to Zhang Chaoxin, the benefits of growing grain in the village were very low in the past. In order to increase income, most of the young and middle-aged people went out to work, and many fertile fields were abandoned.
Knowing that the cooperative can provide full-process machine farming services, many people in the village have the same idea as Zhang Chaoxin: "Let the machine help grow grain, save time and effort, and be more efficient, isn't it a way?"
Everyone found a cooperative, but Zhan Renai had a hard time.
The villagers have a small farming area and a large number of households. The small piece of farmland is not suitable for large-scale machine farming, and the cooperatives do not have the energy to connect them one by one.
"It's better to receive services in a unified manner on contiguous plots of land." At Zhan Renai's suggestion, eight farmers signed a arable land trusteeship contract with the cooperative, and the cooperative was responsible for the cultivation, planting, management, harvesting and sales of a total of more than 80 mu of arable land.
Since the purchase of agricultural socialization services in 2020, Zhang Chaoxin's contracted arable land has gradually expanded to 50 mu, and the arable land has been entrusted to the cooperative to plant corn in spring and rice in summer.
Li Benquan, a farmer in Dunshang Village, Dongyou Town, was exposed to agricultural socialization services earlier than Zhang Chaoxin.
From a family planting more than ten acres to now contracting more than 300 acres, Li Benquan has become a major grain grower in the village.
"Just like when we eat vegetables, we need a combination of meat and vegetables. When using fertilizers on the land, we must also pay attention to the scientific combination of compound fertilizers and trace element fertilizers." On the field ridge, Li Benquan was teaching his apprentice Lin Liquan the key points of land management.
"We didn't know this before, and sometimes we couldn't tell the difference between good and bad corn seeds." Li Benquan introduced that the Ruifu Agricultural Machinery Professional Cooperative, which provides services for him, organizes agricultural theory training courses every year to enhance farmers' awareness of protecting cultivated land and scientific planting.
"Agricultural socialization service is conducive to promoting the large-scale operation of agricultural production services, so that more farmers are happy and dedicated to growing grain." Wei Dejun, director of Jian'ou Municipal Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, introduced that Jian'ou City has carried out agricultural socialization services through the agency system. It has greatly improved farmers' willingness to grow grain.
"It alleviates the labor shortage in the process of grain planting, and solves the problem of 'who will farm the land' in rural areas." Wei Dejun said.
According to statistics, in 2021, Jian'ou City will approve a total of 12 service entities to carry out agricultural socialization services, the area of grain planting services will reach 55,000 mu, and 1.65 million yuan will be issued as subsidy funds.
Since the implementation of a number of cultivated land protection measures such as the implementation of agricultural socialization services in 2018, the abandoned land in Jianou City has decreased by 3,000 mu, the area of grain cultivation has increased by 17,000 mu, and the grain output has increased by 7,600 tons.
Our reporter Zhang Yikai and Zheng Yishiyu