At present, the reconstruction of the global industrial chain and supply chain is accelerating, and the integrity of my country's industrial system and the security and stability of the industrial chain are facing great challenges.
At the same time, the balance and coordination of my country's regional development needs to be further enhanced, and the strategic depth advantage of industrial development has not been fully utilized. It is urgent to further improve the policy system to guide the orderly transfer of industries.
Not long ago, 10 departments including the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology jointly issued the "Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Orderly Transfer of Manufacturing Industry".
This is not only an important way to optimize the spatial distribution of productivity, promote coordinated regional development, and expand new space for manufacturing development, but also an urgent need to maintain the stability of the industrial chain and supply chain and maintain the integrity of my country's industrial system.
Build a complete industrial chain
In recent years, countries have launched fierce games around the globalization and regionalization, diversification and localization, decoupling and anti-decoupling of industrial chains and supply chains.
Jiang Yan, Secretary of the Party Committee of the National Industrial Information Security Development Research Center, said that the issuance of the "Opinions" is of great significance for building a complete industrial chain and enhancing the resilience of the industrial chain and supply chain.
"The "Opinions" implement precise policies and classified guidance for different industrial characteristics. Jiang Yan believes that labor-intensive industries should continue to consolidate their traditional advantages, ensure the integrity of the industrial chain, and transfer to the central and western regions with abundant labor and convenient transportation; technology-intensive industries Modern industries should move to the high end, improve the stability and competitiveness of the industrial chain, strengthen key core technology innovation in the eastern region, and actively undertake the central cities and provincial sub-central cities in the central, western and northeastern regions.
Wei Qijia, director of the Industrial Economics Research Office of the Forecast Department of the State Information Center, believes that cities such as Changsha, Zhengzhou, and Harbin have a relatively solid manufacturing base and are at key transportation nodes, so they have favorable conditions for undertaking industrial transfer.
Encouraged by policies, these cities can actively connect innovation elements with the eastern coastal areas, vigorously develop headquarters economy and R&D centers, support the establishment of high-tech industrialization bases and industrial incubation parks, and promote the transformation of innovation achievements.
The "Opinions" also proposed to guide the coordinated transfer of software development, information services, industrial design and other producer services and manufacturing industries.
"This will provide a guarantee for supporting services for manufacturing enterprises, and at the same time enhance the professional service capabilities for the manufacturing industry in the undertaking regions, and provide higher-quality services from research and development, technology transfer, business incubation, scientific and technological consultation and even achievement transformation. Effectively guide the manufacturing value chain to climb." Jiang Yan said.
Give full play to comparative advantage to undertake industrial transfer
At present, the problem of unbalanced regional development in my country is still prominent, and there are still problems such as homogeneity of industries, vicious competition, inefficient utilization of resources, and imperfect cooperation mechanisms among regions.
To this end, the "Opinions" put forward specific industries to undertake in the western, northeastern, central and eastern regions respectively, and guide each region to give play to its comparative advantages and undertake industry transfer in a differentiated manner.
Jiang Yan suggested that the western region is rich in mineral resources and clean energy, and can focus on developing industries such as resource intensive processing and clean energy, and at the same time build a regional advanced manufacturing base; resources, industries, science and education, infrastructure and other support in the northeast region With strong ability, it is necessary to actively introduce new technologies, focus on the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, and strive to promote the adjustment and optimization of industrial structure; the central region is rich in resource elements, has obvious labor advantages, and has huge market potential, which can build energy and raw material bases, modern equipment manufacturing and high-tech industries. Base; the eastern region has outstanding coastal advantages, has a solid industrial base, relatively complete market mechanism and abundant innovation element resources, and should improve the ability to source innovation and global resource allocation.
Taking Hunan as an example, in recent years, the province has initially formed a relatively complete processing and manufacturing system. The Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomeration is one of the six national comprehensive high-tech industrial bases. Industry and service industries such as radio, film and television, publishing, and animation have great influence in the country.
In addition, Hengyang and other old industrial cities have relatively good foundations, and Yueyang and Changde are also accelerating their industrial development.
"Hunan's accelerated industrialization has provided a solid foundation for undertaking industrial transfer, and its geographical advantages in the transitional zone between the eastern coastal area and the central and western regions, the Yangtze River Open Economic Belt and the coastal open economic belt also help to give play to the comparison of undertaking industrial transfer. advantages and development potential." Wei Qijia said.
Innovative industrial transfer model
How to promote the orderly transfer of manufacturing?
The "Opinions" adapt to the needs of the modernization of the industrial chain and supply chain, and propose three industrial transfer cooperation modes: upstream and downstream cooperation in the industrial chain and supply chain, inter-regional industrial transfer cooperation, and cross-regional transfer cooperation of scientific and technological achievements.
"These three cooperation methods have been typical cases of pilot and pilot in the practice of industrial transfer in some regions." Jiang Yan said, for example, in the process of undertaking industrial transfer, Chongqing pays attention to the radiating and driving role of leading enterprises, and strives to build research and development, manufacturing, and service. An integrated industrial chain ecosystem, forming a complete industrial chain such as computers, mobile phones, automobiles, etc., is a mode of cooperation between upstream and downstream of the industrial chain supply chain; Anhui Province promotes inter-provincial cooperation to jointly build parks, and builds a number of demonstration zones for Jiangsu-Anhui cooperation. The inter-provincial industrial cooperation park is the representative of the inter-regional industrial transfer cooperation model.
Wei Qijia believes that the three modes of industrial transfer cooperation can, on the one hand, accelerate the manufacturing industry to move towards the mid-to-high end of the industrial chain value chain, and on the other hand, through the exploration and construction of a technology transfer system, an interconnected technology market can be formed, and the collaborative interaction of various innovative entities can be promoted. It will be more efficient, the technology transfer system and mechanism will be more complete, and the diffusion, flow, sharing and application of scientific and technological achievements will be smoother.
At the same time, we must also see that there are still some problems in the transfer of my country's manufacturing industry.
For example, the advantages of production factors in the central and western regions are gradually weakening, coupled with problems such as high logistics costs, difficulty in financing, shortage of talents, and shortage of land use indicators, which have led to a decrease in the willingness of enterprises to invest and develop in the central and western regions.
Some enterprises reported that the labor productivity in the central and western regions is only 70% of that in the eastern regions, and the overall cost of enterprises is relatively high.
In addition, the benefit-sharing mechanism in terms of output value, income, and land use between the place where the industry is transferred and the place where the industry is undertaken is not yet perfect, and even if relevant mechanisms are established in some areas, they have not been effectively implemented.
In cross-regional industrial transfer, there are still obstacles such as the difficulty of mutual recognition of enterprise qualifications across regions, which increases the institutional cost of enterprise transfer.
Jiang Yan suggested that we should continue to reduce the cost of industrial transfer of enterprises and create a depression in the comprehensive cost of manufacturing.
Consolidate the ability of various regions to undertake industrial transfer, improve the accuracy of undertaking, increase support for special regions, and promote the realization of the goal of common prosperity.
Our reporter Li Pengda