● As early as 2019, the number of motor vehicles in Beijing has exceeded 6 million, including 5.19 million passenger cars, while the total number of parking spaces is more than 4 million, and the gap of parking spaces is more than 1 million
● Due to the "more cars and fewer seats" in the old community, some people "see the needle" when parking, the parking is not standardized, and the sidewalk and fire exit of the community are occupied, which not only affects the traffic, but also is not conducive to the harmony of the neighborhood, and there are many hidden safety hazards
● The source of the difficulty of parking in the old community lies in planning. The old community was constructed earlier, and the accessories index was low at that time. In recent years, the public's demand for parking spaces has far exceeded the accessories index at that time, and there will inevitably be an imbalance between supply and demand. contradiction.
The difficulty of planning is mainly due to the difficulty in confirming the right of parking spaces, the unclear nature and orientation, and the difficulty in decision-making due to the involvement of multiple interests.
● Measures such as sponge parking spaces, off-peak parking, and on-street parking have relieved the parking pressure of some old communities to a certain extent. However, for communities that do not have suitable public buildings or are not suitable for on-street parking, tapping the potential within the community is still the key.
□ Our reporter Zhao Li
□ Yang Yinan, an intern of our newspaper
After driving around the community for 3 laps, Chen Yan still could not find a parking space.
In desperation, she had to park her car in a public parking lot outside the community.
Chen Yan lives in the Shuangliuxiang community in Beijing. In recent years, this situation has happened almost every day, so that every time she gets off work, she starts to worry about finding a parking space.
Scarce parking spaces have become a sought-after "sweet pastry", and "first-come, first-served" has become an unspoken tacit understanding among residents.
Relevant data shows that as early as 2019, the number of motor vehicles in Beijing has exceeded 6 million, including 5.19 million passenger cars, while the total number of parking spaces is more than 4 million, and the gap of parking spaces is more than 1 million.
The tension between the low supply of parking spaces and the high demand for parking spaces is intensifying.
The "Rule of Law Daily" reporter recently visited a number of old communities to investigate and found that due to "more cars and fewer cars", the phenomenon of random parking on both sides of the road, occupation of sidewalks, and blocking of fire exits is very serious.
Many experts interviewed by reporters pointed out that to solve the problem of parking difficulties in old communities, it is necessary to coordinate and negotiate with multiple parties, coordinate the interests of residents, properties, streets, communities and other parties, and take multiple measures to form a joint force.
For example, the government can introduce corresponding incentive policies to encourage public institutions near the community to actively share parking spaces, and can give some financial subsidies to enterprises to encourage enterprises and institutions to actively undertake social responsibilities.
More cars, fewer cars, first served
Parking is not easy in old neighborhoods
"There are too few parking spaces in the community. Often you can open the door in the morning, but you can't stop in at night. Sometimes there are many outsiders parking in the community, and the parking space is even more tense." Talking about the difficulty of parking, Chen Yan talked endlessly. .
Since the parking spaces in the community are public parking spaces, Chen Yan and other residents have always defaulted to the "first-come, first-served" parking rule.
"Even if it's only a second late, as long as people stop in first, there's no way." Chen Yan said.
Like Chen Yan, Beijing citizen Guo Kai is also struggling to find a parking space every day.
In July 2021, Guo Kai's family moved from a new community with underground parking spaces in Beijing's South Fourth Ring Road to an old community in Yuetan Street, Xicheng District, so that their children could go to school.
There are no fixed parking spaces in this old community, and residents rely on robbing for parking.
Recently, Guo Kai and his neighbors are fighting for a rectangular irregular open space. Sometimes he managed to get his car parked in the open space, but he may be blocked because the vehicles inside are blocked from driving out or the vehicles outside are blocked from entering. People repeatedly called and urged to move the car.
If he does not move the car away in time, he may be reprimanded by the other party.
In order to save trouble and worry, Guo Kai chose to reduce the frequency of driving, either park the car in the innermost part of the open space, or go outside the community to find a parking space on the street.
Not long ago, he found a roadside parking space in the Baiyunguan area. From the evening to the next morning, he parked for 11 and a half hours and spent 15 yuan.
"But during the day, it costs 36 yuan to park here for two and a half hours." Guo Kai said.
In order to understand the problem of parking in the old community, the reporter recently went to Beijing Huayuanzhabeili, Beilian Community, West Street Community, Dingfuzhuang West Street Beili and other communities to conduct interviews, and found that there are no idle parking spaces in these communities, and many Vehicles parked directly in open spaces or aisles in the community are very congested.
On the windows of some vehicles, there are also car-moving phones.
“Parking spaces in old residential areas in Beijing are relatively few and cannot be sold, but can only be rented. Because many owners rent parking spaces for a long time, they will directly occupy the parking spaces over time. The number of residents in the residential area is large, and the parking spaces are finally very tight. Many communities also restrict tenants from parking, otherwise they will be more nervous." Liu Chao, a rental agency in Beijing, told reporters.
According to the provisions of the "Measures for the Administration of Motor Vehicle Parking in Beijing Residential Areas" (2021), vehicle parking management services in residential areas (including ground parking lots, roadside parking spaces, underground parking garages, three-dimensional parking garages and other motor vehicles Parking services, etc.) are uniformly provided by the property management company or entrusted by the property management company to a professional parking management unit. For residential areas without property management, the housing management unit or entrusted professional parking management unit is responsible.
Any unit or individual shall not sell the parking space allocated by the owner's public space.
Liu Chao revealed that if the property is replaced, the new property company will not manage the parking space, and gradually the owner will not pay, but the parking space can be occupied all the time.
If the original owner has already occupied the parking space when buying the house, it can also be transferred to the buyer.
Unless the community is renovated and re-planned parking spaces.
But even if it is re-planned, it will still be used by owners who already have parking spaces.
The problem of parking difficulties in older communities is not limited to Beijing.
The community where Wang Xinyu lives in Yingkou City, Liaoning Province was constructed earlier, and the number of planned parking spaces at that time was seriously mismatched with the current demand for parking spaces for residents. There were nearly 200 residents in the community and less than 20 parking spaces.
In addition, the community is an open community with no fences around, and many foreign vehicles parked in the community, which makes the parking space even more tense.
"First-come, first-served. Since the parking space is not owned by one's own home, it is not easy for people to move the car, and there is no way to encounter a foreign vehicle. Since there is no parking space, many people park their cars on the sidewalk of the community." Wang Xinyu said.
Liu Hongbo from Changchun City, Jilin Province is also troubled by parking difficulties.
Most of the time, he parks his car in the green belt or open space of the community, but after the greening of the community in recent years, the open space that could have been parked has now become a small garden, and there are even fewer open spaces for parking.
Parking anomaly
There are many hidden dangers affecting travel
The reporter's on-the-spot investigation found that due to the "more cars and fewer cars" in the old community, some people "see the needle" when parking, the parking is not standardized, and the sidewalks and fire exits of the community are often occupied.
There is an open space for parking next to the west gate of Huayuanzhabeili Community. It is full of vehicles, and many vehicles park directly on the road next to the open space. The road has become a one-way street, and it is very inconvenient for vehicles to turn around.
At the corner of the open space, half of the vehicles "across the open space" stopped on the road, and half stayed in the open space, protruding half of the body, which increased a lot of risks to the vehicles passing by.
In Beilian Community, there is a two-meter road in front of the residential building for residents to walk, but the front and rear of the road are already full of vehicles, leaving only enough space for a bicycle to pass through. All vehicles in front are removed one by one.
The reporter noticed that because many old residential parking spaces are "first-come first-served", in order to grab a parking space first, some residents "show their magic power": some use waste mattresses, old bicycles and other sundries to occupy the parking space, some Let the family members come out ahead of time to occupy the parking space; some people who have private parking spaces will place wheel chocks, plastic road cones or spray the words "fixed parking space" on the parking space in order to prevent their parking space from being occupied by others to show ownership.
Liu Hongbo said that there is a similar situation in his community. Many people park their cars at the entrances and exits of the community, sidewalks, public green spaces and even fire lanes, which not only affects the traffic, but also is not conducive to the harmony of the neighborhood, and there are many potential safety hazards.
According to Chen Yanyan, Dean of the School of Urban Transportation, Beijing University of Technology, the source of parking difficulties in old residential areas lies in planning. The old residential areas were built earlier, and the accessories index was low at that time. In recent years, the public's demand for parking spaces has far exceeded that of the public. At that time, the accessories index was bound to have a contradiction between supply and demand.
Chen Youhong, director of the Community Governance and Policy Research Center of the Public Policy Research Institute of Renmin University of China, believes that there are three main reasons for the difficulty of planning: first, it is difficult to confirm the right of parking spaces; second, the nature and positioning are unclear; third, it is difficult to make decisions.
"The parking spaces in the old community are on the ground, and all owners need to make decisions, but it is difficult to make decisions about how to manage, how to charge, how much cost and benefit, and the situation is different between different owners, and the interests of many parties are different. Balance is needed." Chen Youhong said.
There is still resistance to internal digging
The interests of all parties must be balanced
In order to solve the problem of parking difficulties in old communities, the state and local departments have taken many measures.
In May 2021, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Public Security and the Ministry of Natural Resources issued the "Opinions on Promoting the Development of Urban Parking Facilities", establishing "adhering to the supply-side structural reform as the main line" as promoting the development of urban parking facilities. The specific measures include encouraging qualified cities to speed up the implementation of urban renewal actions, and actively expanding new parking facilities in combination with the renovation of old communities, old factories, old blocks, and old buildings, and local finance at all levels can make reasonable arrangements. Funds will be given overall support; cities will be supported to propose comprehensive solutions for residential parking by means of internal potential and efficiency enhancement, comprehensive management of areas, and sharing of parking resources.
Increasing temporary parking on roads and staggered sharing of parking spaces in public buildings are being explored and implemented in many places.
Taking Shanghai as an example, 60% of the streets of Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai are old communities. For this purpose, a batch of monitoring probes and other equipment have been installed in the streets, which have opened up 25 communities, 13 warehouses, and 8 roadsides within the jurisdiction. , Parking data transmission in 3 parks.
As long as the residents in the jurisdiction open the "Urban Smart Road Parking" applet, they can immediately know whether there are any parking spaces in the community, and where there are free on-street parking areas or commercial parking lots around.
In Chen Yanyan's view, sharing parking spaces at the wrong time can alleviate the problem of parking difficulties to a certain extent, but there are many interest groups involved, and multiple parties are required to coordinate and negotiate together.
For example, the government has issued corresponding incentive policies to encourage enterprises and institutions near the community to actively share parking spaces. Some financial subsidies can be given to enterprises and institutions, and an assessment system and a scoring system can be implemented for these enterprises and institutions to encourage enterprises and institutions to actively undertake social responsibility.
"Sponge parking spaces (normally open to traffic during the day, free parking at night), off-peak parking, on-street parking and other measures have relieved the parking pressure of some old communities to a certain extent, but there are no suitable public buildings around, or road parking is not applicable. As far as the community is concerned, tapping the potential in the community is still the key." Chen Yanyan said.
There are still places to explore to build a three-dimensional parking lot.
For example, the Xifu Yiyuan Community outside the West Fourth Ring Road in Beijing, which was built in 2009, is a community where the villagers of Zhengchangzhuang Village relocated. There were 289 above-ground parking spaces and 208 underground parking spaces, which is far from enough for thousands of households.
With the increasing number of private cars, the parking contradiction has become increasingly prominent. The community has converted the ground parking lot into a two-story three-dimensional parking lot, adding 143 parking spaces, which alleviates the problem of parking difficulties to a certain extent.
However, in Chen Youhong's view, compared with ground parking spaces, new parking lot models such as underground parking lots and three-dimensional parking spaces are more expensive and unacceptable to residents. Therefore, the country needs to make unified planning and research to determine how much Parking services, whether residents are subsidized, how much society contributes, and how the interests of commercial interests and general public services are balanced, all need to be considered.
Chen Youhong and his research team once made a parking plan for a community in the Wanshou Road area of Beijing.
The street paid for the plan, but in the end, it was not implemented because some owners brought owners with multiple vehicles to court, on the grounds that the neighborhood committee was not the owner and had no right to make decisions.
Overall unified planning and layout
Joint efforts to open source and reduce expenditure
"As there are more and more vehicles in our country, it is time to change the thinking from the national level. It is necessary to comprehensively study the traffic volume, parking demand and type of the city. If it is a community, it is necessary to determine the ownership and rights holders first. People have to make joint decisions, such as how much the parking space costs and how much to charge." Chen Youhong said, but it is difficult to make joint decisions, because some owners do not have a car, and some owners have more than one car, and the interests are difficult to balance. If the price is used to adjust the different subjects The interests between them are actually unreasonable.
Therefore, the problem of difficult parking cannot be solved by a single community alone, and requires an overall unified planning and layout.
Chen Yanyan believes that solving the problem of parking in old communities can be done from two aspects, one is open source, and the other is throttling.
Open source, that is, to tap the existing parking resources as much as possible, revitalize the parking resources, and improve the utilization efficiency.
For example, the construction of shared parking spaces and roadside parking lots can increase the supply, and information technology can also be used to promote the balanced use of parking resources, use some real-time monitoring software to accurately understand the availability of each parking space, and coordinate parking lot resources, but it needs to be clarified. Responsibility Boundary.
"There are still difficulties in increasing the supply of funds and land. To solve the problem of funds, it is necessary to introduce social capital and increase the enthusiasm of investors. The construction of new parking lots may also take into account the problem of land acquisition and clarify the ownership of land, because in some communities And the surrounding land property rights may not be clear." Chen Yanyan said.
Throttling, that is, curbing demand, encourages the public to drive as little as possible and use public transportation more in places where parking spaces are tight.
For example, through price leverage, differentiated parking fees can be charged.
"Any single measure is difficult to comprehensively solve the problem of parking difficulties. Multiple measures are needed, and the government, communities, residents, social investors and other parties need to coordinate together." Chen Yanyan said.
(Chen Yan, Guo Kai and Liu Chao in the text are all pseudonyms)