2016年我国出生人口达到1883万。2019年我国出生人口为1465万人。2020年我国出生人口为1200万人。

　　2021年我国出生人口1062万人。而2021年末全国人口比上年末仅增长48万人。

　　据新华社电 (记者董瑞丰、田晓航)国家统计局17日公布，经初步核算，2021年我国出生人口1062万人。这一数字低于2020年的1200万人和2019年的1465万人。

　　数据显示，2016年我国出生人口达到了1883万的小高峰，此后持续回落。而2021年末全国人口比上年末仅增长48万人。

　　我国劳动年龄人口下降

　　目前，我国人口问题主要矛盾正由总量压力转变为结构性挑战。第七次全国人口普查结果显示，我国劳动年龄人口下降，人口老龄化逐步加速。与2010年相比，劳动年龄人口减少4000多万人；60岁及以上人口数量比重为18.70%，与2010年相比上升5.44个百分点。

　　根据预测，在总和生育率为1.3的条件下，我国总人口规模将在“十四五”期间进入零增长甚至负增长。

　　联合国人口基金的最新报告显示，低生育率已成为全球性现象。2019年，全球203个国家(地区)中，84个国家(地区)总和生育率低于2.1的更替水平，发达国家普遍处于低生育水平或超低生育水平。

　　低生育水平怎么看？专家认为，其深层原因是工业化和现代化的发展、女性受教育程度和劳动参与率的提高、人口流动性的提高、避孕方法的普及、生活方式的变迁、生育观念和养育模式的变化等。

　　中国人口与发展研究中心主任贺丹表示，“这是人口变动的自然过程和必然趋势，我们也还有很多空间可以去推动实现适度生育水平，促进人口长期均衡发展。只要应对得当，人口依然会为经济社会长期稳定发展提供有力支撑。”

　　截至2021年底，23个省份完成人口计生条例修订

　　2021年，我国进一步优化生育政策，实施一对夫妻可以生育三个子女政策及配套支持措施。三孩生育政策有望多大程度提升生育水平？

　　Experts interviewed believe that the adjustment of the fertility policy is a general guideline, and whether everyone will give birth or not will depend more on whether the relevant supporting measures can be implemented as soon as possible.

　　No one takes a child after giving birth, which is an important reason why many families "do not want to give birth, but dare not give birth".

According to the "14th Five-Year" Public Service Plan, by 2025, my country will strive to achieve 4.5 nurseries for infants and young children under the age of 3 per 1,000 population.

　　From the central ministries to many provinces across the country, from the revision of relevant policies and regulations to the introduction of various birth support measures, a more complete birth support system is gradually being built.

　　The Ministry of Finance, the State Administration of Taxation, etc. put forward a proposal for the inclusion of special tax deductions for infants and young children under the age of 3; the National Medical Insurance Bureau instructs local governments to pay medical expenses and maternity allowances for three-child births; the Ministry of Education promotes the "double reduction" work...

　　By the end of 2021, 23 provinces have completed the revision of population and family planning regulations.

All regions have further improved the maternity leave system in the regulations. 22 provinces have extended maternity leave to 158 days or more, of which 16 provinces stipulate that holiday benefits are paid by maternity insurance; spouses’ paternity leave is generally about 15 days, with 5 to 20 days. parental leave.

　　"Encouraging childbirth cannot rely solely on economic subsidies." Zhai Zhenwu, president of the China Population Society, said that this is a systematic project, and childbearing support needs to be integrated into various economic and social policies, including further reducing childbearing costs, improving the protection of women's employment rights and interests, and properly solving The worries of women of childbearing age, etc.

　　"It is necessary to consider the integration of marriage, childbirth, parenting, and education to build a childbearing-friendly policy environment." He Dan believes that, in addition, the concept of family value and childbearing value should be guided well, and the protection of women's health and medical and health services should be strengthened. It will play a positive role in restoring my country's fertility level and promoting the long-term balanced development of the population.