"TST Court Secret" is suspected of pyramid schemes
"China News Weekly" reporter / Li Mingzi
Published in the 1029th issue of "China News Weekly" on January 17, 2022
Zhang Ting's personal Weibo and Douyin certifications are still "actors", although she has not appeared in new works since 2014.
She is now more widely known as the "Godmother of Wechat Business".
Almost every time before live broadcast, she will post a short video on Douyin first.
At 10:40 am on December 28, 2021, Zhang Ting updated a short video.
She appeared in front of the camera with all her makeup and hair, holding a half-bitten apple in one hand, pinching her face in the other, and lip-syncing with the audio template with a smile: "Listen to Zhuangjia, people who can shoot Douyin are better than those who don't. Those who can shoot Douyin should have thick skin."
Agents who are familiar with Zhang Ting's release of Douyin know that they can prepare to "stock up".
Twenty minutes later, Zhang Ting started two consecutive live broadcasts, eloquently bringing goods for nearly 8 hours, and it didn't end until nearly 7 o'clock that night.
According to Douyin records, Zhang Ting conducted at least 87 live broadcasts in the past year.
On the almost daily social platform, Zhang Ting is either "working hard for his career" or recording the happy daily life with her husband Lin Ruiyang and a pair of children, and is regarded by thousands of agents as a model for "independent women".
The reversal came suddenly.
On the evening of December 28, 2021, a news that "Zhang Tinglin Ruiyang Company was investigated for suspected pyramid schemes" appeared on the hot search.
A verification letter from the Market Supervision Administration of Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang City shows that Shanghai Dalway Trading Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Shanghai Dalway") under the name of Zhang Ting and his wife is suspected of using the Internet to engage in pyramid selling activities. The financial institution has transferred or concealed the funds involved and has applied to the court for preservation measures in accordance with the law.
In the following week, Zhang Ting and his wife and their beauty brand "TST Court Secret", which they have worked hard for many years, have been on the hot search list of major platforms several times. The unknown secrets of this tens of billions of business empires are being revealed one after another.
According to media reports, the relevant staff of the Market Supervision Administration of Yuhua District, Shijiazhuang City once said that after verification, the bureau determined that Shanghai Darwin was suspected of pyramid selling. Funds have three characteristics.
At present, the case has entered the stage of financial audit, and the amount involved and the illegal income will be audited. The next step will be to punish Shanghai Darwin based on the audit data.
In response to the progress of the case, on January 5, You Jianying, head of the Anti-Unfair Competition Section of the Market Supervision and Administration Bureau of Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province, told China News Weekly: "The case occurred in Yuhua District, and many people reported it. . is still under investigation."
"Dream is the universal currency of the world"
Liu Ling still does not believe that "the court secret" is suspected of pyramid schemes.
At 8:00 a.m. the next day after the news that Shanghai Dalway was investigated and punished for suspected pyramid schemes, she posted a picture of a court secret product in the circle of friends, with the text "A big tree attracts the wind".
3 hours later, Liu Ling posted a second Moments: "I've never met a black fan, we've been fine."
In order to increase her credibility, she also said: "I have followed the TST for seven years and will soon enter the eighth year." According to Liu Ling's recollection to "China News Weekly", she only became a TST agent in the second half of 2018. , so far no more than 4 years.
The convincing words in the circle of friends were copied and pasted directly from the agent group.
Liu Ling couldn't figure it out, how could a celebrity boss lie?
At the beginning, she had just given birth to her second child and resigned to take care of the baby at home. When she saw Zhang Ting recommending her own products on variety shows, she was attracted by the propaganda and was even more impressed by the live sign of Zhang Ting's frozen age.
Liu Ling immediately searched the Internet for "TST" and bought her first set of TST skin care products in the online store.
The owner and Liu Ling lived in the same city as a second-tier coastal city. Later, the owner became Liu Ling's "online" and was called "the chairman of the company".
Song Siwen from a second-tier city in the north passively joined the "organization".
After the Spring Festival in 2016, a friend who met during travel began to contact Song Siwen frequently, and even went to see her in Song Siwen's city.
Seeing that the other party was very enthusiastic, Song Siwen did not refuse.
As soon as they met, the other party began to introduce how profitable he was as a micro-business, and showed Song Siwen his circle of friends where he was eating, drinking, and having fun. He also said that a fellow girl born in 1992 had a monthly income of more than 200,000 and had already bought a sports car.
At first, Song Siwen was not moved by these stories, until the "friend" came to see her for the third time and said, "I made 20,000 yuan in 4 months", Song Siwen was moved.
At that time, her child had just started kindergarten, and she was working as a back-office company in a company with a low income. She was planning to start a side business to earn extra money.
Lin Ruiyang wrote in his autobiography "Lin Ruiyang Farewell to Lin Ruiyang": "TST" platform users are mainly young women born in the 1980s and 1990s in second-, third- and fourth-tier cities.
They generally have a relatively weak foundation and are eager to use the TST platform to start a business and change themselves through unremitting efforts.
"Dream is the universal currency", this sentence appeared more than once in Lin Ruiyang's autobiography.
Lin Ruiyang and his wife weaved this beautiful dream with "beauty, wealth, and independence" as the background color for the agent, and continuously strengthened the realization ability of "dream" through fan meeting activities.
Liao Minshan, a post-90s mother, never dreamed that she could get an admission ticket to the "First Year-End Ceremony of the No. 1 Micro Queen Family in China".
At that time, she was introduced by her classmates and transformed from a user to a product agent. When she was the craziest, she designed product leaflets by herself and distributed them to nearby supermarkets.
From colleagues around you, to aunt's sister, and even netizens who have never met, Liao Minshan can be developed into offline.
In 2016, when TST developed the most rapidly, Liao Minshan was able to sell 40,000 to 50,000 yuan a month, and was successfully elected as the "Sales Elite" of the "group" in the region where she was located, and got a place to participate in the grand ceremony.
To this end, she spent a week choosing a dress and matching herself with a crown.
At such events, Liao Minshan can meet micro-business "stars" of different families.
Most of them are treasure mothers, and they told how they lived from the poverty of "even unable to support their children" on the stage. After "meeting TST", they transformed into "annual salary of one million", "buy a car and buy a house", when it comes to the emotional part, Tears fell.
These inspirational stories can also be "personally" forwarded by Lin Ruiyang's "Big Brother Lin".
The forwarder is sometimes "TST Court Secret Wechat Business Big Brother Lin (Unit 1)", and sometimes "TST Destruction Platform - Big Brother Lin (Unit 4)".
It is reported that Lin Ruiyang has 8 mobile phones, which connect users from all over the world and communicate with them at any time.
For Liao Minshan, who participated in the grand ceremony for the first time, the most exciting thing was to take a photo with the founders of the brand, Zhang Ting and Lin Ruiyang.
There were more than 100 people in line in front of Liao Minshan, leaving no more than 30 seconds for each person to take pictures. After arranging clothes, posing, and pressing the shutter, when it was her turn, before she had time to say hello to "Brother Lin", the assistant signaled "Go down." one".
Behind Liao Minshan, there are hundreds of agents holding number plates, and the whole group photo session may last for several hours.
And Lin Ruiyang, who was almost 60 years old at the time, sat upright and kept smiling.
After some agents got the photos, they forwarded the caption, "Although he is a celebrity boss, he has no air at all!" Then he gained a lot of admiration in the comment area.
Liu Ling made no secret of her envy for seeing Zhang Ting "on the line".
Her "online" has two WeChat accounts, and her avatar is a group photo with Zhang Ting.
Darwin, which has no shortage of star resources, has developed its corporate culture into a fan culture with stickiness and market efficiency.
In the spring and summer of 2018, Darwin held 3 fan meetings in Shanghai, Nanjing and Macau respectively. In addition to Zhang Ting, Lin Ruiyang and his wife, Tao Hong, Lin Zhiling, Wu Zongxian and others were also invited to the event, as well as Wu Mochou and Cao Ge. While waiting for singers to sing, thousands of Wechat fans attended each event.
At the cruise event at the end of 2018, Lin Ruiyang played Santa Claus to interact with fans.
He also served as the "flower girl" at the staff's collective wedding. Lin Ruiyang, with white hair, was ridiculed by netizens as "Grandma Zhang Ting".
Sometimes he was dressed in formal suits and shouted emotionally: "Let my sisters stand on my shoulders and make money."
Lin Ruiyang, who is 62 years old this year, was born in Luodong Town, Yilan County, Taiwan.
The last chapter of his autobiography writes that Lin Ruiyang devoted himself to studying the Soviet Stanislavsky performance system, and that performance advocates experience and is immersed in the emotions of the characters.
At the birthday party on May 20, 2018, birthday star Lin Ruiyang wore a black T-shirt and jeans and rode a motorcycle to enter the venue, while his wife Zhang Ting put on a youthful school uniform.
Every well-designed detail is not only to thank the fans, but also to pave the way for the release of new products.
Numerous treasured mothers at the scene, holding the sleeping doll in one hand and holding their mobile phone high in the other hand, took a selfie, recorded the demeanor at the "TST Court Secret" event scene, forwarded it to the circle of friends, and accompanied it with a new product promotional poster.
A founder-level agent introduced on his social platform that when the agent team reaches 100 people, a company can be registered, and multiple companies form a group. TST internally calls the group a family. The higher the level, the more sources of bonus remuneration.
Under such an incentive system, according to TST's official website, since its establishment in 2013, "TST Court Secret" has helped 12.46 million people find employment and mentored more than 3,300 people to set up start-up companies in the past seven years.
"The campaign has made full use of the essence of Taiwan's MLM." Song Xuebao, an associate professor of the Department of Marketing at the School of Economics and Management of Tsinghua University, told China News Weekly.
Organizations create strong psychological attachments to participants by creating gods.
Most of the people engaged in MLM lack the sense of independence, and these people often prefer to own and show themselves. This need is seen by the organization and met in time, which is more likely to make people fall into the MLM trap.
All kinds of high-level activities satisfy the sense of belonging and vanity of the participants at the same time. Everyone hugs each other for warmth and stands on each other's platform, as if this has legitimacy.
However, Song Xuebao also pointed out that "the activity itself is not illegal, it is the incentive mechanism of tiered payment that violates the "Regulations on Prohibition of Pyramid Selling".
"Foundership can be hereditary"
Song Siwen recalled his crazy four years as an agent, as if he had fallen into a quagmire. The more he struggled, the deeper he fell.
At first, she just went online, registered a silver card member with her ID number and mobile phone number, and bound a personal bank card.
At this time, she could only buy cosmetics for her own use, and could not develop offline.
If the monthly consumption is 500 yuan, on the 12th of next month, the personal account will receive a 75 yuan rebate, which is about 15% off.
There are different consumption levels in the silver card stage. The higher the consumption amount, the more discounts you can enjoy.
After going online, she sent texts and pictures of new products to WeChat groups every day. Song Siwen reposted it on her circle of friends for two days. A friend who was an overseas purchasing agent suddenly found her and wanted to join TST as an agent.
Song Siwen recalled that he was very excited when he heard about the incident, and told Song Siwen, "You open a card for her, she opens a card for others, you have a son, your son has a grandson, and your children and grandchildren buy things, you have everything. make money."
Seeing Song Siwen's heartbeat, he quickly added the code when he went online: "You are now a silver card, and your level is not enough. You have to upgrade to a gold card to develop offline and open a card for others." To upgrade to a gold card, you must first buy enough 2,500 yuan in performance.
TST is known as "zero investment, zero stockpiling", Song Siwen also felt that something was wrong at the time, and went online to persuade her: "You have members below, you have never used it yourself, know what the product looks like? Just looking at the pictures, I have no experience of using it. How can I share it with others? If you don't need it yourself, just post it on your Moments, it doesn't have a soul." Song Siwen spent more than 2,600 yuan in a daze, and the upgrade was smooth.
(TST official information) TST Court Secret 2020 Blue Card (left) and Red Card member bonus system.
At that time, it was the outbreak period of micro-business.
Public data shows that in mid-2015, the monthly active users of WeChat exceeded 500 million, and the number of paying users reached about 400 million. Everyone has a few WeChat business friends in WeChat, and "traffic fission" is staged at any time.
In 2016, the number of jobs created by micro-businesses exceeded 20 million, and the turnover exceeded 500 billion.
In this context, Song Siwen's development and offline speed also accelerated. From 0 to 200, it only took three or four months, and quickly developed to 500 people.
At that time, this "gold and silver card" bonus system was replaced by the "red and blue card" system not long after, but the rules were basically the same.
The previous gold card corresponds to the current red card, and the red card stage is divided into 7 levels. The higher the sales performance, the higher the level, and the more rebates for personal sales bonuses.
In addition to personal sales bonuses, the salary of red card members also includes "agent difference between wholesale and retail" and "self-media promotion award".
The so-called "agent difference between wholesale and retail" means that the total offline performance is fed back to the red card members in a certain proportion.
If you want to get the "We Media Promotion Award", both individual performance and team performance must meet certain requirements.
Song Siwen calculated the account, sold the products to friends at a discount, plus monthly rebates, just enough to make money.
The upline told Song Siwen, "If you have 100 downlines, you can set up a company. After the company is established, there will be a team management award. The children and grandchildren will have infinite generations. It's all about you." The upline added: "You have enough people now. But the performance is not enough, at least 100,000 yuan per month, and meeting the standard for 3 consecutive months before the company can be established.”
The total amount of 300,000 yuan almost made Song Siwen sober.
At that time, she was desperately pulling down the line, but the monthly sales were only more than 20,000 yuan, and she wanted to reach 100,000 yuan unless she stocked up.
The online persuaded her: "When your assessment period for 3 consecutive months expires, the number of offline people will already exceed 1,000. On average, each person buys a few hundred yuan, and 300,000 yuan can be repaid in one month." The online also said, "The founder Identity can be hereditary, and when you quit, it can be passed on to your children."
Later, Song Siwen began to borrow money to stock up on goods, overdrafting flowers, borrowing, credit cards, and borrowing money from classmates.
In order not to lose money, they kept stockpiling goods while frantically pulling them off the assembly line.
"At that time, my method of pulling people was the same as when I was developing online. My classmates and friends would hide when they saw me. I couldn't sleep well at night, and I wondered how to add other people's WeChat every day." Song Siwen told China News Weekly.
Three months later, it was not easy for Song Siwen, who successfully registered the company to become the "founder".
Once the performance is not up to standard, she will not be paid.
Song Siwen recalled that the minimum consumption standard for "founders" dropped from 8,000 yuan to 6,000 yuan, and finally to 4,000 yuan.
It was only later that she realized that the company was established to help Shanghai Dalway avoid taxes - "rebates" became "public-to-public business transactions", not "salaries".
During this period, the online "brainwashing" of Song Siwen can be described as a combination of grace and power: on the one hand, he constantly creates anxiety, saying every day that "women are not independent and worthless, and children will look down on you when they grow up"; or they are ranking in WeChat groups to stimulate agents to work hard For performance, only the top-ranked people have the opportunity to participate in the event to see Sister Ting and Brother Lin; wages are paid on the 12th and 15th of each month, and each agent group will start frying, and some people will post screenshots of their performance to prove their monthly income. Tens of thousands, and some people say that they have bought a house and a car again.
On the other hand, the on-line is constantly pacifying.
From the end of 2018 to the beginning of 2019, the news of TST's upcoming listing has emerged one after another.
At that time, Darwin also made a shareholder poster for Song Siwen. She stood behind her eldest brother and sister Ting.
The news that "Dalway may be listed" is not groundless.
In November 2017, Shanghai Darwin planned to sell a 51% stake in its subsidiary giant Yiwang to a listed company Shandong Huapeng at a price of no more than 650 million yuan.
But the deal eventually ended a week later.
Shandong Huapeng stated in the termination announcement, “As assets overlap and overlap between Darwin and Juyiwang, it is difficult to distinguish effectively, and the business of Juyiwang is heavily dependent on Darwin.”
"First Brand of Wechat Business" and "Godmother of Wechat Business"
According to the National Enterprise Credit Information Publicity System, Shanghai Darwin was established on June 6, 2013 with a registered capital of 231.8 million yuan. It belongs to the wholesale industry and is engaged in the import and export of goods and technologies. Its business scope covers cosmetics, knitted textiles, and daily necessities. Wait.
The legal representative of the company is Lin Jirong (original name of Lin Ruiyang), Lin Jirong also serves as the director and general manager of Darwin, and the chairman of the company is Zhang Shuqin (original name of Zhang Ting).
In terms of shareholding structure, according to Tianyancha, Shanghai Darwin has 9 legal person shareholders and 3 natural person shareholders, including well-known actor Tao Hong, who ultimately benefited from 6.64% of the shares.
According to the official information of "TST Court Secret", Darwin's star "shareholders" also include singer Cao Ge and Cao's wife Wu Suling.
In July 2021, "Shanghai Taobuting Culture Media Co., Ltd." founded by Zhang Ting and his wife was renamed "Taobuting Culture Media". The original shareholder Tao Hong no longer holds shares as a natural person, and this part of the shares accounts for 1.8911%.
According to Tianyancha, there are 90 companies where Zhang Shuqin works.
Among them, 77 companies with Zhang Shuqin as their legal person are all located in Shanghai.
Lin Jirong worked in 69 companies.
Up to now, including Shanghai Darwin, Zhang Ting and Lin Ruiyang have "associated" with 11 companies.
In addition, Shanghai Darwin has a total of 28 foreign investments, of which 25 are invested by the legal person Lin Jirong, involving e-commerce, advertising, business consulting, real estate development, life technology and other fields.
According to the official information of Shanghai Darwin, "TST Court Secret" was founded by Lin Ruiyang in 1996, and its predecessor was the Taiwanese brand LA FEE.
That year, 26-year-old Zhang Ting became popular for his role in "Talking about Qianlong", while 36-year-old Lin Ruiyang was experiencing the "seven-year itch" of his previous marriage.
Soon after, Zhang Ting moved to the mainland, and was loved by the audience for the role of "Little Maruko" in the TV series "Love Through Time and Space". Lin Ruiyang also started a real estate business in the mainland during that time.
In 2006, the two returned to Taiwan to get married.
According to media reports, Lin Ruiyang's real estate brokerage company had a bleak operation from 2011 to 2013.
Zhang Ting once revealed in a well-known talk show that Lin Ruiyang is a very ambitious person. He was obsessed with stock trading, and once lost everything, he never gave up, and used all his savings to support Lin Ruiyang.
After 2014, Zhang Ting's stage also shifted from film and television dramas to micro-business platforms.
As the live broadcast became more and more popular, Zhang Ting and Lin Ruiyang began to operate the TST live broadcast business again.
When the stars were still unwilling to condescend to enter the live broadcast room, Zhang Ting completed his first show with goods on June 10, 2020, and was very popular with consumers with a very down-to-earth style. The first broadcast completed 256 million yuan sales.
The WeChat public account "Green Qingpu" of the Shanghai Qingpu District Government Information Office released the 2018 Qingpu "Top 100" list of outstanding enterprises in early 2019, of which Shanghai Darwin ranked first, and STO Express, Yunda Freight, and Shanghai Jahwa were located there. Rear.
Zhang Ting and his wife once announced that Darwin's total tax payment in 2018 was as high as NT$9.6 billion, or about 2.1 billion yuan.
The titles of Darwin's "No. 1 Brand of Wechat Business" and Zhang Ting's "Godmother of Wechat Business" have also spread.
After micro-business rumors
At the beginning of 2021, Song Siwen accidentally learned from several former TST employees that the "Big Brother Lin" WeChat that he added with great excitement earlier is not actually Lin himself, but his assistant has been taking care of it.
This big blow made Song Siwen, who was convinced of "eldest brother and sister Ting", start to reflect, and the issues that she had ignored before began to emerge in her mind.
With the gradual disclosure of the details of the alleged pyramid scheme of "TST Court Secret", some netizens questioned: Why has no one noticed it since 2013?
Song Siwen told China News Weekly that most of the early entrants are "beneficiaries" and will not turn against the tide. A large number of late entrants don't invest much, and many have not yet woken up. For agents like her who usually join in the middle, in order to If you don't lose money, you can only continue to deceive yourself and toss.
Zhou Yang, the chief lawyer of Tianjin Litigation Law Firm, told China News Weekly that according to relevant regulations, for the purpose of defrauding other people's property, it has the form of pulling people's heads and forming a hierarchy of three or more levels. If there are characteristics such as sales profits, it can basically be judged to be suspected of pyramid selling, and the difficulty of investigating micro-business rumors is that it is difficult to fix the number, scale, and level of online sales platforms. Organizational recovery of background data by physical evidence identification institutes and other departments is a very complicated process.
An agent who has joined TST for seven years revealed to China News Weekly: "Sister Ting and Big Brother" have been adjusting the team's remuneration model since 2017, from multi-level to "second-level", from gold and silver cards to red and blue The card is to avoid pyramid schemes.
"This company has done a lot of evasive actions. Although there is no promise of rebates for pulling down the line, it seems that there are less than 3 levels, but in essence, it is still a pyramid-like bonus structure and incentive mechanism. Of course, whether it is a pyramid scheme in the end depends on the judiciary. Judgment." Song Xuebao said.
Wu Changhai, professor of law at China University of Political Science and Law and deputy dean of the Capital Finance Research Institute, believes that no matter whether the hierarchical team is three-layered or multi-layered, if the income of the early participants is the principal of the later participants, and the business model does not create more There is a lot of commercial value, and the product does not finally enter the consumption link, which is pyramid selling.
"Judging from external manifestations and behavior, for example, whether the product price is reasonable and whether it can be returned, if the answer is yes, it is not a pyramid scheme."
In 2016, Wu Changhai led the research team to visit and investigate Hebei, Guangdong and other provinces, and interviewed the victims, regulatory authorities and a number of related companies. After half a year, he released China's first research report on MLM, "New Network MLM-Micro MLM." Development, Hazard and Prevention Research in my country.
At that time, "at least half of all MLMs in China were micro-level sales," the report noted.
"Micro-MLM is not a fixed concept, but a simple definition of the mainstream MLM at that time compared to traditional MLM." Wu Changhai said.
Since the popularity of smartphones, traditional offline pyramid schemes featuring restrictions on personal freedom and "brainwashing" to attract members in classes have become outdated.
After 2013, network marketing has become a new trend.
MLM organizations use smart phones to conduct MLM through social platforms such as WeChat groups, mobile QQ groups, QQ language chat rooms, Momo, official accounts, etc., appearing virtual, cross-regional, concealed, financial, and more deceptive. and other new features.
With the popularity of WeChat and the rise of WeChat business, many MLM organizations seem to have seen the value of the "private domain traffic" gathered by this platform, and have put on WeChat business vests one after another.
Cheng Xusen, a professor at the Department of Economics and Information Management, School of Information, Renmin University of China, analyzed that the Wechat platform has a low entry threshold, is not too technically difficult to operate, and is easy to use. Moreover, Wechat has strong social attributes, fast dissemination, and low customer acquisition costs. Better than traditional e-commerce, these all meet the needs of MLM well.
In the impression of Song Xuebao, an associate professor of the Department of Marketing at the School of Economics and Management of Tsinghua University, micro-businesses emerged in 2013, developed the most rapidly in 2016, and began to decline around 2018.
"MLM is definitely not the only way out for micro-business, but the decline of micro-business is inevitable, and now micro-business is in the process of differentiation." Song Xuebao said.
In the end, some micro-businesses will continue to stay on the WeChat platform to maintain user relationships, some micro-businesses will be transferred to the live broadcast platform to sell goods, and some will be disguised as pyramid schemes.
Wu Changhai pointed out that MLM is to turn actual commodity sales into financial activities. In the end, there is only capital flow, but no commodity flow. This is the essence of MLM.
According to the existing legislation, although it is possible to pay attention to whether MLM has external characteristics such as "paying entry fee", "pulling people" and "forming a hierarchical team for payment", it cannot be simply judged that "a 3-tier organization is a MLM, and less than 3 is not a MLM. ”, otherwise, it will only make organizations that evade the characteristics of pyramid schemes in form but carry out pyramid schemes with impunity.
At present, the legislation for "pyramid selling" is still the "Regulations on Prohibition of Pyramid Selling" issued in 2005.
But compared with the past, the current forms of MLM can be described as "various".
Wu Changhai concluded that the current trend of MLM is combined with fashionable concepts. Whatever the state encourages to develop, MLM organizations graft on themselves, from blockchain, big data, to the current hot metaverse.
"Making MLM is like smoking opium. Those people will never disappear. Some forms are severely cracked down, so they try to find other models. In comparison, traditional legislation is obviously a bit backward. To crack down on MLM, we must start from Fundamentally improve the legislation and refine or supplement the MLM standards." Wu Changhai said.
(At the request of the interviewee, Liu Ling, Song Siwen, and Liao Minshan are all pseudonyms in the article. Intern Zhang Wenni also contributed to this article)
"China News Weekly" Issue 3, 2022
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