Our reporter Qiao Jinliang

  A few days ago, "Shengze 901" and other three new white-feather broiler breeds passed the certification, which means that my country's independent breeding of white-feather broilers has achieved a breakthrough.

The analogy of the industry insiders is very vivid, "This is the breaking of the fingers stuck on the neck one by one, and the lifeblood of white feather broiler breeding is truly controlled by our own hands."

  As an important part of the seed industry, the livestock and poultry seed industry is the foundation and key to the development of animal husbandry.

With the increase in the scale and standardization of animal husbandry, the people’s demand for “food, good meat, and diversity” is increasing, and it is increasingly urgent to realize the supply of high-quality livestock and poultry sources.

What is the status of the livestock and poultry breeding industry in my country?

What should be done to revitalize the livestock and poultry breeding industry?

  Find out about the seed industry

  "my country’s livestock and poultry breeding industry continues to develop, but on the whole it has been scattered, small, and slow. From 2008 to 2020, the first round of livestock and poultry genetic improvement plans will be implemented, and the performance level of livestock and poultry production will be significantly improved. The core species are derived from The rate of supply exceeds 75%." Sun Haoqin, deputy director of the Seed Industry Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that overall, the source of livestock and poultry based on domestic guarantees and risks can be controlled. problem.

Specifically, the source of yellow feather broiler, layer, and white feather duck can be self-sufficient and competitive; the source of live pigs, dairy cows, and beef cattle can be basically self-sufficient, but the performance is still far behind the world's advanced level.

  Shi Jianzhong, deputy director of the National Animal and Poultry Genetic Resources Committee and Secretary of the Party Committee of the National Animal Husbandry Station, said that the so-called gap is that the ability of independent innovation needs to be strengthened. The number of pigs is about 30% lower than that in developed countries; the per-unit yield of dairy cows is only 80% of the international advanced level.

Second, the breeding foundation needs to be consolidated. The production performance measurement scale is small and the traits are few. Taking breeding pigs as an example, the average measurement ratio is only 1/4 of that of developed countries.

The third is that the breeding system needs to be improved, the advancement of substantial joint breeding is relatively slow, and the overall strength of livestock and poultry enterprises is weak.

  In the view of Jiang Xiaosong, president of the Sichuan Academy of Animal Husbandry, the shortcomings are also reflected in the weak support for innovation in livestock breeding, and the institutional mechanism has yet to be improved.

There is a long lack of operability methods in the breeding scientific research organization model, scientific and technological achievements evaluation and transfer and transformation mechanism, and the overall support of the national finance for livestock and poultry breeding is weak.

At the same time, the allocation of scientific and technological resources is unreasonable, scientific research forces are scattered, low-level duplication of research and development inevitably occurs, and collaborative innovation is insufficient, the interests and results of all parties cannot be effectively guaranteed, and breeding materials and common results cannot be effectively exchanged and shared.

  When it comes to the livestock and poultry breeding industry, many people are concerned about the import of breeding pigs.

Chen Yaosheng, chief scientist of the National Pig Industry Technology System, said that in the past 10 years, the country has imported less than 10,000 breeding pigs annually, accounting for less than 10% of the core breeding population.

In fact, the exchange of varieties between developed countries is a common international practice.

Since the introduction of lean-meat breeding pigs in the 1980s, my country has implemented localized breeding, which has guaranteed nearly 90% of the supply of live pigs.

At present, the supply of breeding pigs in my country is guaranteed to be based in the country.

However, standardized systematic breeding is nearly 50 years later than foreign countries, and the feed conversion rate is 10% to 30% behind that of developed countries.

It can be seen that proper introduction will help the domestic seed industry to speed up the catch-up, and it is okay not to introduce them at all, but it will affect efficiency.

  Implement genetic improvement

  Improved breeds of dairy cows are the foundation of the dairy industry.

After nearly 40 years of development, the framework of my country's independent dairy cattle breeding system has basically taken shape.

However, a report last year by the National Animal Husbandry Science and Technology Innovation Alliance pointed out that the basic work of dairy cow breeding is relatively weak, the scale of breed registration is small, and the ratio of production performance measurement reference is low, resulting in slow progress in the overall genetic improvement of the dairy herd; the core breed of dairy cows is independent. The cultivation ability is not strong, and the independent cultivation of core species and the rapid propagation technology of dairy cattle breeds are still shortcomings.

"I hope that under the new situation, we will continue to implement the dairy cattle genetic improvement program, and strive to solve the shortcomings of the development of my country's dairy cattle breeding industry."

  "For more than 20 years, Wen's Group has collected and identified a large number of lean-meat breeding pig resources at home and abroad, and built an enterprise-owned germplasm resource bank, which preserves more than 400,000 copies of genetic material. It has deployed 25 breeding pigs and 10 poultry breeding bases across the country. , To cultivate new breeds of livestock and poultry." Wen Zhifen, chairman of the Wen Group, said that at present, the company is cooperating with South China Agricultural University and Guangdong Hengjian Fund to form Guangdong Livestock and Poultry Seed Industry Group.

The first phase will focus on the pig breeding industry, and Guangdong SMIC Seed Technology Co., Ltd. will be registered with a registered capital of 1.2 billion yuan.

Strive to build a world-class pig breeding enterprise in 5 years.

  Conforming to the expectations of the industry, the new round of national livestock and poultry genetic improvement plan will be implemented in 2021 for a period of 15 years.

“The main directions of the six major livestock and poultry of pigs, dairy cows, beef cattle, sheep, laying hens, and broilers are all to achieve continuous improvement in quality and performance.” Shi Jianzhong said that the six major livestock species have their own characteristics and a new round of genetic improvement Locked the main attack direction respectively.

For example, live pigs mainly focus on lean breeds and local breeds, support the development of regional joint breeding, and promote the overall upgrade of the breeding system.

Dairy cows mainly focus on leading breeds, establish a core provenance breeding system, innovate joint breeding organization mechanisms; expand the scale of production performance testing, and improve the technology platform for genomic selection of dairy cows.

  Sun Haoqin said that the focus of the new round of national livestock and poultry genetic improvement is to solve the problems of "good" and "strong".

Strengthen independent innovation, highlight the improvement of leading breed selection, and focus on the development and utilization of local breeds; strengthen the foundation of breeding, carry out efficient and intelligent performance testing, and build a big data platform for the breeding innovation chain; strengthen the breeding system, relying on the national livestock and poultry core breeding farms, Support the development of joint breeding entities that effectively gather innovative elements and give full play to the market mechanism; strengthen the main body of the enterprise, and support the livestock and poultry seed industry enterprises to become stronger, bigger, and specialized.

  Protect characteristic varieties

  As the general survey of livestock and poultry germplasm resources basically achieved full coverage of administrative villages, some excellent resources were rediscovered.

In November 2021, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs selected and released the top ten excellent germplasm resources in the field of livestock and poultry in the country, and the Pamir yak, Liangshan black sheep, Ake chicken and other germplasm resources have entered the public eye.

In order to collect and preserve the rare germplasm resources, the National Livestock and Poultry Germplasm Bank will start construction at the Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences from 2022. After completion, it can preserve more than 2500 varieties and more than 33 million genetic materials. , Ranking first in the world.

  In Yukou Town, Pinggu District, Beijing, there is Huadu Yukou Poultry Co., Ltd., one of the world’s top three egg hen breeding companies. For every two eggs Chinese eat, one is derived from its own Beijing breed Laying hens.

In the breeder shed of a modern poultry farm in Xingqiao Town, Jizhou District, Ji'an City, Jiangxi Province, nearly 100,000 breeders grow in a constant temperature environment.

Liu Rongjia, director of modern poultry farms, introduced that the farm is a cooperative operated in the mode of "company + farmer + village committee". The base scale is 115 acres and the total investment is about 30 million yuan. After the laying hen breeds, the egg production rate can reach more than 90%.

  "my country currently has 83 local pig breeds with good quality and good flavor. However, due to the fact that they eat a lot, grow slowly, and have a low lean meat rate, they cannot meet the fast-growing lean meat consumption demand, resulting in a shrinking breeding scale and shrinking resource groups. "Chen Yaosheng said that in the past few years, my country has built 62 national-level local pig breeding farms and protection areas, and carried out the collection and preservation of pig genetic materials.

At the same time, 30 new breeds and supporting lines have been cultivated using local pig breeds, and a number of black pig brands have accelerated their entry into the market, gradually satisfying people's demand for high-quality specialty pork.

  According to Xu Xuyang, director of the Hunan Provincial Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Affairs Center, there are 21 high-quality local livestock and poultry breeds in Hunan. There are five major breeds of Ningxiang pigs and Xiangxi black pigs in live pigs alone. Pig breeding in some localities has formed advantageous and characteristic industries.

Beginning in 2020, Hunan Province will build the Hunan pig industry cluster, support the development of "one county, one specialty" in the origin of local pig breeds, and promote the industrial development and utilization of local pig breeds.

At present, the construction of four characteristic industrial clusters of Ningxiang pig, Shaziling pig, Daweizi pig, and Xiangcun black pig is carried out in the 4 cities and 8 counties of Changsha, Xiangtan, Loudi, and Zhuzhou. The whole industry of local pig breeds in the project area is planned for 3 years. The chain output value exceeds 10 billion yuan.