Shen Xuan

  The development of a society is advancing in change, and a historical transition always achieves a qualitative change in the quantitative product.

Promoting common prosperity to take solid steps and achieve substantive progress is a profound social change that will inevitably lead to an olive-shaped society with a large center and a small two ends.

Achieving such a goal and expanding the size and proportion of middle-income groups is both a key move and an inevitable way.

  Social development shows that the middle class plays an extremely important role in the rise of all modern countries.

A large country with a population of more than 1.4 billion cannot be said to be rich if it does not have a large-scale middle-income group; if it does not have a relatively high proportion of middle-income groups, it cannot be said to be prosperous together.

In this sense, what is a middle-income group?

What and how does "Expand China" expand?

This is not just an issue of income distribution, but also an issue of reform and development, and social governance. It needs to be viewed dialectically, handled pragmatically, and a good combination of "expanding China" is required.

  I remember that in the early years, some people used "bitter melon" and "melon" to vividly compare the changes brought about by going down the mountain to alleviate poverty. They said: "Before going down the mountain, there is a bitter gourd on a vine, and when going down the mountain out of poverty, it is a melon on a vine. "From a low-income group to a middle-income group, it is essentially a process of "bitter melon" becoming "melon" and "melon" becoming sweeter, making the people's income more and more richer and more prosperous.

How sweet is the "melon" of the middle-income group? A certain level of stable income is the basic "sugar content." Only when a considerable proportion of "sweetness" is reached can the "melon" have enough sweetness.

  To make the "melon" sweeter, different groups have different needs, and require meticulous work, and the big account should be settled clearly because of people and local policies.

It is necessary to find out where the income boundary of the middle-income group is, understand how many people have "joined the group", how many people can reach it on tiptoe, and how many people are still lingering "outside the circle". There are differences among the people "in the circle."

Those who are still in the low-income group should be given more "sunshine and rain" and nutrient supply; for those who have entered the middle-income group, it is necessary to do a good job of arranging vines and arranging them to better grow up.

All in all, the “expansion of China” must not only allow more people to enter the middle-income group, but also make the people feel, so that a better life can benefit a wider range of people.

  Some people feel that the middle-income group is like a "familiar stranger", because I managed to achieve the "small goal" set 10 years ago, but at first glance I still failed to enter the middle-income group; or that year. I "sit firmly on the Diaoyutai", but 10 years later I found out that I had slipped out of this group.

The reason is that the middle-income group uses the income level as the dividing standard, and the dynamic characteristics of economic and social development determine that it must be a process of dynamic change.

With the development of economy and society, the lower limit and upper limit will change accordingly.

  The middle-income group is the product of development, and it often represents a society whose income remains at a middle level, employment is relatively stable, and the life is relatively affluent, and it is unrealistic to break away from a specific stage of development and the status quo.

The standard of measurement varies with national conditions and conditions. There is no universal ruler. It is an organic unity of universality and difference, which improves simultaneously with the continuous development of the economy and society.

As a place to explore the way for common prosperity, it is necessary to dynamically and reasonably determine the middle-income standard in accordance with the requirements of entering the level of a moderately developed country as a whole, according to the level of development and demographic changes, and to align the general standard with national development, provincial realities, and people’s lives. Together, the people can achieve a more stable and sustainable higher income in the joint construction and sharing.

  Putting it into the big scene of common prosperity, the middle-income group should not only be large enough in scale, but also the internal structure should be more optimized.

In 2020, my country's per capita GDP will exceed 10,000 U.S. dollars. According to statistics, more than 400 million people and more than 140 million households have reached the middle-income standard, forming the world's largest middle-income group.

However, in terms of proportions, my country's middle-income group accounts for only about 30% of the total population, which is not a small gap from the goal of an olive-shaped society with a large middle and small ends.

Moreover, a large part of the existing middle-income group has just passed the lower limit of the middle-income group, and there is a greater risk of slipping out of the middle-income group and falling into the low-income group.

Only measured by a single dimension of quantity, the gold content of the "expansion" will be discounted.

  Quantity, quality, and structure together constitute the three-dimensional coordinate of the "expansion in the middle". While focusing on the expansion of weight, more efforts should be devoted to qualitative improvement to make the middle-income group more stable.

It is necessary to combine digitalization and low-carbonization to promote industrial transformation and upgrading and high-quality development, and to provide more high-income jobs by promoting the development of high-tech industries and new energy industries, thereby driving the increase in the wages of urban residents.

It is necessary to broaden the income channels of residents, promote the coordinated efforts of labor income, business income, and property income, promote the quality improvement of middle-income groups, turn more resources into assets and property into wealth, and make the whole society better and better. Full of "golden olives."

  People are the most active decisive factor in productivity.

Looking back in history, the traditional middle-income group before the industrialization of society is mainly composed of small producers, farmers and businessmen. Since the second industrial revolution, the emerging middle-income group in the world is mainly composed of business elites, administrators and senior people in the professional and technical fields. constitute.

Into the new technological revolution and industrial transformation, this trend has become more and more prominent, and the high-quality labor group seems to be the basic disk of "expansion".

"Knowledge is power" is an unbreakable truth, and "the book has its own golden house" is not an exaggeration.

  Promoting the all-round development of people is highly compatible with the goal of expanding middle-income groups, and is inherently unified with the vision of promoting common prosperity.

To improve the ability and quality of low-income groups is to improve their ability to enter the middle-income group; to improve the ability and quality of middle- and high-income groups is to improve their ability to resist uncertain risks.

In this respect, there is a great potential to be tapped, such as college graduates, skilled workers, small and medium-sized enterprises, individual industrial and commercial households, and even the new generation of migrant workers in cities, and they are numerous and of good quality.

It is necessary to deepen the cultivation of such key groups, strengthen the development of human capital, and continue to expand the "white-collar" and senior "blue-collar" teams.

Special attention should also be paid to the relatively poor or disadvantaged groups. They not only have low income, but also have little property and human capital, and lack development and income-generating capabilities. Through deepening the comprehensive supporting reforms such as the household registration system, we must accelerate the transfer of population to urbanization and expand low-income groups. The opportunities for group development have allowed more and more people to share the results of "Expanding China".

  The middle-income group is connected with production at one end and consumption at the other. They are both an important supplier of supply and an important creator of demand; they have both a strong willingness to consume and a continuous consumption capacity. They are buying cars and houses, leisure travel, and high-quality education. The main force in the consumption of medium and high-end products and services such as medical care is the backbone and stabilizing force leading the expansion of consumer demand and the upgrading of the consumption structure.

Expanding the middle-income group is very important for coping with the shrinking external market, creating independent growth led by domestic demand, forming a strong domestic market, and stimulating the continuous upgrading of my country's economic structure.

  The world generally believes that China’s market is very large, and that the majority is in our middle-income group.

At present, the Chinese market, which is basically supported by a middle-income group of more than 400 million people, is the world's most powerful and dynamic development engine, contributing more than 30% of the world's economic growth.

As the middle-income group continues to expand and gradually moves towards the ranks of high-income countries, my country's contribution to global economic development in the future is bound to be even more amazing, and its impact will be even more far-reaching.

It is necessary to look at the "expansion of China" and plan for the "expansion of China" in a larger structure, and give full play to the actual and potential advantages.

  "Those who have permanent property have perseverance."

In the pre-Qin period, Teng Wengong asked Mencius about the way to govern the country. Mencius replied that people who have a fixed industry and stable income have firm beliefs and stable ideas.

During the ancient Greek period, Aristotle proposed: "The political system dominated by the middle class is the most stable." As the beneficiaries of development, middle-income groups tend to have a stronger sense of identity with social order and mainstream values, and resist all kinds of The ability to risk is relatively strong, and they look forward to social stability and economic prosperity.

The more this group grows, the more effectively it can prevent the disparity between the rich and the poor and polarization, achieve good social governance, and inspire the people to create a better life.

  There is a "bucket theory" in economics. The amount of water in a wooden bucket is determined by the shortest board. If there is a short board, it will not be full of water, but if the bottom of the bucket has holes, it cannot be filled with water.

"Expanding China" is not only to lengthen the shortcomings of income, but also to strengthen the floor for social development.

On the journey of common prosperity, everyone loves life and looks forward to better education, more stable work, more satisfactory income, more reliable social security, higher level of medical and health services, and more comfortable living. Conditions and a more beautiful environment, I hope that children can grow up better, work better, and live better.

If there is no higher income base, the "floor" of social harmony and stability will not be strong enough.

  At present, the realization of common prosperity is already a ship with pointed masts. The continuous expansion of the middle-income group is just like the gradually full sail. It is far from enough to rely on a few people to raise this huge sail up the wind. , The whole society needs to move and work harder.

In the profound social change of “enlargement”, there are only participants and promoters, no bystanders, and no spectators. The government, enterprises, individuals, and society will find their respective tracks, so that the potentials of all parties can be superimposed from the “physical superposition”. ", became a "chemical reaction" and ignited the powerful engine of "expansion".

  "Zhongzhong" is not a unified examination paper. Different candidates will receive different papers. Governments, enterprises, individuals, and society must use their brains to answer their own questions and get high scores.

For example, the government must perform its functions well and create a better policy environment, legal environment, and social environment for the “expansion of China”.

Enterprises should do a good job in their own production and operation, and provide more jobs and a stable source of income for middle-income groups.

Individuals must accelerate their adaptation to the needs of social development, improve their abilities, and enhance their ability to create social wealth.

The society should form a good atmosphere of "expansion of China", form a wealth ethical value system with Chinese characteristics, and widely advocate the concept and fashion of getting rich first and then getting rich, and helping to make wealth happy.

  "Expanding China" can't wait, or else, only if the "cake" of social development becomes bigger and bigger, can there be enough "cake" in everyone's hands.

The accumulation of overall social wealth is the basic condition for "expansion", and we must continue to do a good job of "increasing" the disposable income of residents.

According to calculations by relevant parties, the current disposable income of Chinese residents only accounts for about 42% of GDP, while in Western developed countries it generally exceeds 60%, and some even reach more than 70%.

This shows that there is still room for a substantial increase in the disposable income of Chinese residents, and high-quality development is the last word to achieve "expansion".

  To make the "cake" bigger depends on "people collecting firewood", so that the source of wealth creation for the whole society can flow fully.

Whether it is to promote "income growth" or "social equality", fiscal affordability must be considered.

Market players are the most important platform for wealth creation and the most important carrier for providing jobs. According to statistics, private enterprises alone have solved more than 80% of the employment problem in my country. The contribution of new drivers such as mass entrepreneurship and innovation to new jobs The rate reaches about 70%.

We must adhere to the unification of stable enterprises and stable employment, promote tens of thousands of market players, provide reliable employment security and stable sources of income for hundreds of millions of families, and become a more solid and sustainable source of social wealth.

To cut the "cake", the key is to open up the channel for mutual promotion of the three distributions. On the basis of the initial distribution of "hematopoiesis" and redistribution of "blood supply", strengthen the microcirculation "transfusion" of three distributions, and construct the initial distribution, redistribution, and three distributions. Coordinate and support the basic institutional arrangements.

  "Expanding China" is a process of two-way flow of social wealth. The more wealth flows in and the less it flows out. The people earn more and have less additional burdens. The faster and better the "expansion" will be.

From the actual situation, the existing middle-income groups have a relatively high proportion near the threshold. Once they encounter unforeseen factors such as economic development fluctuations or due to disasters, they may fall behind.

To expand the middle-income group, we must insist on both increasing income and reducing expenditure to prevent some people from getting rich and others from falling out.

  To tighten the "fence" to prevent the loss of wealth for middle-income groups, the most important thing is to strengthen the underpinning function of public policies and public services.

We must coordinate the promotion of fiscal and taxation policies, social security, and charity system innovation, stabilize income expectations, reduce burdens, and improve the bottom line system.

Taxation has increasingly become a basic tool for regulating income distribution. It is necessary to improve taxation policies that are conducive to the expansion of middle-income groups, and explore a taxation system that uses household income as the basic accounting unit.

The per capita property value is much higher than the per capita disposable income, and the reform of the income distribution system needs to focus on narrowing the property income gap and reducing the burden on families.

Education, medical care, elderly care, and housing are the main expenditures of each family. It is necessary to systematically reshape the policy tools in this area, improve the basic public service system provided by the permanent residence, and improve the access and incentive system of social forces to develop education and medical care, and support Enterprises and social groups that are willing and able to actively participate in public welfare and charity work together to solve the worries of the middle-income group, so that the "expansion" can be expanded and retained.

  At present, the whole world is watching whether China, entering the second century, can overcome the "middle income trap"?

Lessons from the vehicle ahead, Yin Jian is not far away.

There are many reasons why some countries fall into the "middle income trap". Among them, they choose to "lie flat" regardless of changes in the times, and one-sidedly emphasize that high welfare will eventually raise "lazy people". This is an important reason for their stagnation or even regression. .

Overcoming the "middle income trap" requires the whole society to cross over together. It is impossible to achieve just a few crossovers.

It's like a team competition. It doesn't depend on how fast the first person crosses the line. The key depends on whether most people can run well.

  "Expanding China" is not only a process of economic and social movement, but also a cultural cultivation and fashion shaping adapted to it.

If you consider yourself to be "moving bricks" and "fishing", you can't casually become the target of "expansion".

Compared with the entry of material wealth into the middle-income group, the entry of spiritual wealth into the middle-income group is more important and more permanent.

It is necessary to widely advocate the concept of wealth through work and innovation in the whole society, actively cultivate the value of relying on struggle to achieve higher income, vigorously promote the civilization concept of green and simple life, and encourage people to do their best to move toward the ranks of middle-income, in the common prosperity Ran on the track at full force.