Invigorate technology, talents, and resources, like Jiangsu, open up the barriers for rural revitalization
In late November, reporters from Science and Technology Daily went to Zhenjiang, Taizhou, and Suqian in Jiangsu Province for interviews and found that Nanjing Agricultural University (hereinafter referred to as South Agricultural University) has established new rural service bases in various places, bringing new technologies and new varieties to rural traditional characteristic industries. ; Invigorate resources such as technology, capital, talents, and markets to create ecological agriculture; innovate the scientific and technological service system, so that agriculture is vigorous and farmers are on the move.
As of October 2021, South Agricultural University has 50 new rural service bases.
106 teachers in more than 30 disciplines of the school carried out scientific research, talent training, achievement transformation and demonstration promotion in the New Countryside Service Base.
Chen Ligen, Secretary of the Party Committee of the South Agricultural University, said, “We must take the responsibility of strengthening agriculture and rejuvenating agriculture as our own responsibility, use the innovative achievements of agricultural science and technology for self-reliance and self-reliance, use the practical results of comprehensive service for rural revitalization, and use the results of building a world-class university with agricultural characteristics. The party and the people are satisfied with the answer of the times."
Inject hard-core technology, new varieties dress up the "Jiangnan Oasis"
Although it is gradually entering the deep winter, walking in Houbai Town, Jurong City, Jiangsu Province, the large tracts of grass are still vibrant.
There is the largest lawn grass and ecological grass planting base in the Yangtze River Delta.
In recent years, as the scale of planting has expanded, challenges have also come about: single grass species, degradation, low mechanization level, backward production technology, uneven product quality...
"The breeding and expansion of high-quality turfgrass and the substitution of substrates have become the key technology that determines the life and death of the turf industry in Houbai Town." Zhang Mingfei, Secretary of the Party Committee of Houbai Town, used the word "life and death" to express the urgent need for technological innovation.
In 2018, the People's Government of Houbai Town, which is exploring the upgrading and upgrading of the lawn industry, and Nanjing Agricultural University, which seeks the transformation of lawn technology achievements, hit it off and cooperated to build a professional lawn research institute.
"Teammate of God" Nannong University Lawn Research Institute did not disappoint Houbai Town.
“Nanong University has collected and introduced more than 21,000 copies of various turfgrass varieties and wild germplasm resources from home and abroad in the past 20 years. In the past three years, we have selected strong resistance, no disease and insect pests, low maintenance, More than 300 strains that don't need fertilizer are tested here." At the turfgrass pilot test base of the Turfgrass Research Institute Test Station, the director of the Research Institute Yang Zhimin squatted on the ground as a treasure.
With the "strong" and promising "seed players", how can we increase the yield of turf on the limited land and reduce the damage to the soil?
Yang Zhimin lifted a piece of turf, revealing the underground universe.
"We build a net on the native soil, then spread the rice straw on the net, sprinkle the substrate and seeds, and irrigate it. After the flat is formed, the net and the grass can be swept away together, which will not harm the native soil, but also strengthen the grass. Tensile strength.” He said, this matrix made of straw, sand, silicate mineral powder and other raw materials is moisturizing, permeable and light, allowing grass seeds to "breathe deeply", and it can become a flat in 26-45 days.
Today, the technology has been extended to one-third of the lawns in Houbai Town, and the lawn products are sold all over the country and even exported to Southeast Asia.
"We will also provide part of the lawn for the 2022 Asian Games, which has already been paved with 5 pieces." Yang Zhimin said.
Zhang Mingfei is pleased that the upgrading of the lawn industry has greatly increased the income of farmers.
In 2020, Houbai Town’s lawn sales revenue will be 500 million yuan, and the per capita disposable income of lawn households will be 46,600 yuan, which is higher than the 21,000 yuan per capita disposable income of rural residents in Jurong during the same period.
Integration of innovation chain and industrial chain, sharing benefits and risks
As the first batch of national agricultural sustainable development experimental demonstration areas, many agricultural enterprises in Taizhou are facing the common problem of upgrading and upgrading.
Among them, the amount of livestock and poultry manure is large, wide, and difficult to deal with, which was once an obstacle between economic development and ecological environmental protection.
The "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan and the Outline of Long-Term Goals for 2035" pointed out that the development of circular agriculture that integrates planting and breeding should be accelerated.
The development of green cycle is giving Jiangsu Baoyuan Ecological Co., Ltd. usher in vitality.
"In the past, the manure discharge exceeded the standard, and the villagers complained. In 2018, after the establishment of the Taizhou Research Institute of the South Agricultural University, it cooperated with enterprises and social capital to establish a fertilizer company to develop fully automatic cow dung treatment equipment, and introduce the South Agricultural University and related research. With the team’s technology, after the cow dung is collected and processed, the dry material is transported back to the cow house as bedding. After the remaining wet dung and wastewater are fermented, the active microbial enzyme preparation is added and processed into liquid enzyme fertilizer, which is sent to the cattle house free of charge. Farmers nearby.” Standing in front of the cowshed of Baoyuan Smart Ranch, following the direction of Jiang Xiaosan, a professor at the School of Resources and Environment of Nanjing Agricultural University and Dean of Taizhou Research Institute, the reporter saw that
Opposite, a piece of gratifying vegetable greenhouses have been built.
Every day, 65 tons of liquid enzyme fertilizer processed from the pasture are piped to the greenhouse. Due to the reduction in the use of chemical fertilizers, an average acre of land can save 80 yuan in cost and increase production by about 20%.
The remaining 15 tons of fertilizer are sold around Taizhou.
The introduction of liquid manure treatment technology can not only solve the urgent needs of enterprises, but also benefit farmers and realize the value of agricultural scientific research results.
If science and technology support makes agricultural development more ecologically efficient, builds industrial alliances, and integrates the industrial chain and the innovation chain, then the rural revitalization will be stable and far-reaching.
In 2020, the Taizhou Research Institute initiated the establishment of the Taizhou Agricultural Organic Waste Recycling Industry Alliance.
Since the establishment of the alliance, 10 scientific and technological demonstration bases for the production and supply of various high-quality agricultural products have been created, and local agricultural enterprises in Taizhou have signed orders and sales contracts of 32 million yuan for agricultural products sales in the Yangtze River Delta region.
Science and technology services help industry revitalization, experts cultivate high-quality farmers
Farmers are the direct beneficiaries of the transformation of agricultural scientific and technological achievements. How to make farmers pan for gold from advanced scientific agricultural knowledge?
At the Suqian Research Institute of the Southern Agricultural University, the answer is to show it to the farmers, lead them to work, and bring them rich.
Recently, during the apple picking period, when the reporter saw Qu Shenchun, a professor at the College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, he was standing on the ridge, holding scissors in hand, and demonstrating how to pruning fruit trees during the harvest period. Surrounded by him, eyes focused.
"Experts have a better understanding of the growth of apple trees in northern Jiangsu. For example, the high temperature and high humidity environment here is not conducive to the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests. Initially, about 13% of apples suffered from anthracnose and ring disease and rot. After technical guidance, the incidence rate was reduced to about 5%." said Li Yan, deputy general manager of Jiangsu Sweet Fruit Industry.
It is better to teach people how to fish than to teach people how to fish.
Shu Sheng, Dean of the Suqian Research Institute of Nanjing University of Agriculture and Associate Professor of the College of Horticulture, introduced that the research institute has helped Suqian's facility vegetable and ecological fruit industry "melon" through the construction of germplasm resource nursery, key technology research and development, transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and technical training. Fruit fragrance".
Among them, the demonstration and promotion of 20 new varieties and cultivation techniques of cucumber, tomato, radish, Chinese cabbage, celery, grapes and other scientific research institutes such as Nannong University. The promotion rate of new technologies in the demonstration area reached 96%, and the radiation reached more than 100,000 mu times. Vegetable production increased. 8%-10%, fruit tree yield increases by 10%-12%, and the average value per mu is more than 220 yuan.
At the same time, the Suqian Research Institute of Nannong University takes the lead in forming the Jiangsu Province Celery Industry Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance and the Suqian City Facility Horticultural Industry Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance and other platforms, which will engage in new operations in seed research and development, seedling breeding, cultivation and production, harvesting and processing industries. The main body is incorporated into the alliance, involving nearly 130 companies, cooperatives, and large planters.