Chinanews.com, Beijing, November 26 (Reporter Li Jinlei) The work of aging has once again welcomed heavy documents.
The "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Strengthening Work on Aging in the New Era" was released on November 24.
Soon, the document "encourage adult children and elderly parents to live nearby" rushed to the hot search on Weibo, causing heated discussions.
What are the highlights and innovations of the package of measures proposed in this opinion?
How will it affect the elderly?
On the 25th, the Institute of Gerontology of Renmin University of China and the Chinese Society of Demography jointly held an academic seminar. Wu Yushao, a member of the Party Group of the National Office on Aging and Vice President of the China Association of Aging, gave a detailed analysis of the highlights of the document. Chinanews.com "China New Observation" The column organizes his speeches for readers.
"Encourage adult children and elderly parents to live nearby"
my country has entered an aging society since 1999. In 2000, the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Strengthening the Work on Aging" was released.
With the deepening of the population aging in our country, aging work is facing many problems and challenges. In 2021, the "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Strengthening Work on Aging in the New Era" will be released.
Wu Yushao:
I use three words to summarize the characteristics of this document, namely "high", "new" and "real".
The first feature is "high", first of all, high standing. This is a new era in which China will build a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way and start the realization of the second centenary goal of work for the elderly.
The second is the high level. The document is issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council, and belongs to the highest level. This is another heavy document on aging work after a lapse of 20 years.
Once again, it has a high ambition. The document should not only solve China's aging problem, but also provide the world with Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions.
The second feature is "new". There are a lot of new content in it. Many of the content that did not rise to the file has now risen to the file, such as
encouraging adult children and elderly parents to live nearby or live together
. Contents like this used to be They are all expert opinions in academics and seminars. This time they are clearly written into the highest-level documents. There are indeed many new ideas.
The third feature is "practical". The opinions truly establish problem-oriented, goal-oriented, result-oriented, and focus on the "emergency and worries" of the elderly. They are very grounded. It is not only a programmatic document for guiding future work on aging, but also a solution. The elderly "worry and worry about" the problem of highly operational documents.
Elderly profile map.
Source: Visual China
"Promote the gathering of various high-quality service resources to the side, home and surroundings of the elderly"
According to the results of the Seventh National Census, as of 0:00 on November 1, 2020, my country has 264.02 million people aged 60 and over, accounting for 18.7% of the total population, and 190.64 million people aged 65 and over, accounting for the total population Of 13.5%.
It is estimated that during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, my country's elderly population of 60 years old and above will exceed 300 million, accounting for more than 20% of the total population, and my country will enter a moderately aging society.
Wu Yushao:
There are many innovations and breakthroughs in the
file——
One of the innovations is that the awareness of the status and role of aging work has been raised to an unprecedented new height.
This is because the document clearly requires that the development of the aging cause should be integrated into the overall plan to promote the "five in one" overall layout and coordinate the promotion of the "four comprehensive" strategic layout, implement the national strategy to actively respond to population aging,
and integrate the concept of active aging and healthy aging into the economy and society The whole process of development.
The aging work has become the "big man of the country", which is the latest definition of the status and role of aging work, and it is an innovation.
In addition, innovation is also reflected in a comprehensive summary of the work experience and principles of aging.
The opinions put forward four working principles, adhere to the leadership of the party committee and the participation of all parties; adhere to systematic planning and comprehensive policy implementation; adhere to the integration of resources and coordinate development; adhere to highlight the key points and consolidate the grassroots.
This is not only a summary of the experience of working on the elderly, but also a guiding thing to guide the work of the elderly in the new era.
The document is very factual.
For example, the opinions put forward that the focus of aging work should be shifted down, resources should be sinking, and
various high-quality service resources should be gathered around, at home and around the elderly, so as to ensure that the work of the elderly is taken care of, the affairs of the elderly are managed, and the problems of the elderly are managed. help.
The picture shows the leisure and entertainment of the elderly.
(Data Map) Photo by Wang Jiang
It is the first time to propose the boundary demarcation of the responsibility for the elderly in the home community
The survey shows that more than 90% of the elderly in my country tend to live at home.
In terms of innovating home-based community elderly care service models, opinions put forward that based on home-based elderly care, the community elderly care service capabilities should be improved through new construction, renovation, and leasing, and efforts should be made to develop a two-level elderly care service network in the street (township) and urban and rural communities.
Wu Yushao:
Everyone is talking about the difficulty of living at home. What is the difficulty?
The key lies in the division of responsibility boundaries.
The document proposes for the first time the boundary of the community’s responsibility for the elderly at home, and for the first time clarifies what local governments and neighborhood communities do.
Specifically, local governments are responsible for exploring and promoting the establishment of a model for professional institutions to extend services to communities and families.
Sub-district communities are responsible for introducing professional institutions that serve the elderly in terms of meal assistance and cleaning assistance. Community organizations introduce relevant nursing professional institutions to carry out care for the elderly at home; the government strengthens organization and supervision.
The government must cultivate professional institutions that serve the elderly, guide their standardized development, and guide them to provide sustained and stable services in accordance with the principle of guaranteed and meager profit.
Give full play to the role of community party organizations, explore the "community + property + elderly care service" model, and increase the effective supply of home community elderly care services.
Data map.
Source: Visual China
Significantly increase the content of the elderly health support system
At present, there are about 40 million disabled or partially disabled elderly in my country, and more than 75% of the elderly suffer from at least one chronic disease. The problem of "longevity and unhealthy" among the elderly is prominent.
Wu Yushao: The
document has greatly increased the content of the elderly health support system, including three items, improving the health service and management level of the elderly, strengthening the long-term care services and guarantees for the disabled elderly, and deepening the integration of medical care and care.
Health is the common need of all elderly people. With health, advanced age is not a problem, and without health, it is also a problem for people in their 50s.
The document responds to the urgent health demands of hundreds of millions of elderly people.
Data map: Old people practicing calligraphy.
Photo by Xu Jing
"Relying on the National Open University to build a National University for the Elderly"
On the basis of providing for the elderly and having medical care, the majority of the elderly also hope that the elderly will have something to do, learn, and enjoy themselves, not to be out of touch with the society, and to enjoy a happy old age.
Wu Yushao:
Learning for the elderly is the common expectation of the elderly, and breakthroughs have been made in policies and measures for education for the elderly.
The document has many breakthrough highlights in the education of the elderly. For example,
it clearly incorporates the education of the elderly into the lifelong education system, and the education department takes the lead in researching and formulating policies and measures for the development of education for the elderly.
There was no one taking the lead in the old-age education, and it was co-managed by multiple heads, but this time it is clearly the education department taking the lead.
The opinion also proposes to
build a national university
for the elderly
based on the National Open University and build a national
platform for sharing education resources and public services for the elderly.
Because the Open University of China is the old TV university, because it has schools from top to bottom, all the way to the county. It is a system. Relying on this system to build a national university for the elderly is a manifestation of integrating resources and sharing development.
In addition, there are substantive measures to promote the elderly.
The document is very detailed. It not only points out that the employment model of the elderly is "
exploring flexible employment models suitable for the elderly in schools, hospitals and other units and in industries such as community housekeeping services, public places service management, etc.
", but also "a
comprehensive cleanup hinders the elderly from continuing to work." Unreasonable regulations that play a role
", which is very heavy and quenches thirst, because there are indeed many related unreasonable regulations.
The opinions also proposed that the main party and government leaders should personally grasp and take overall responsibility, include key tasks for aging work in the important agenda, include the economic and social development plan, include the people's livelihood project, and include the scope of work supervision and performance appraisal.
Among them, aging work is "included in the scope of work supervision and performance appraisal", which is the first time that a central document mentions it.
(over)
Guest profile:
Wu Yushao, currently a member of the Party Group of the National Office on Aging, and Vice President of the China Association of Aging.
Participate in the formulation of major legal plans and policy documents for my country's aging work.
He has written more than 10 monographs and treatises, presided over more than 20 provincial and ministerial research topics, and published more than 60 papers with a total of more than 1.5 million words.
He was hired as part-time professor by more than 10 universities including Peking University, Tsinghua University, Renmin University of China, and won the "Outstanding Contribution Award" for Chinese Gerontology Research.