China News Service, Yueyang, September 17 (Fu Jingyi) Walking on the plank road along the river, the Hualong Wharf in the East Dongting Lake Wetland is green with grass, and the endless reeds are undulating with the wind. The "giant panda" in the water is usually "shy" the Yangtze finless porpoise. Jumping out of the water from time to time... Zhi Tinglan on the shore of Dongting Lake in September showed people a beautiful and dreamlike picture.
In the Chenglingji New Port District of Yueyang, the 11.9-kilometer Yangtze River coastline is operated and managed in a unified manner.
Photo by Yang Huafeng
"It's hard to imagine. Five years ago, this was a dusty sand and gravel wharf. Because of a request, it has now become the famous'Fresh Porpoise Bay.'" As a volunteer of the Hunan Yueyang Finless Porpoise Conservation Association, Tan Ge replied. The Hualong Wharf at the Green Queen is very popular: it has become a gathering point for finless porpoises, retaining the "smile of the finless porpoise", and a good place for outing in spring, and a beautiful home where man and nature live in harmony.
On April 25, 2018, General Secretary Xi Jinping and his entourage entered Yueyang, Hunan from Hubei, and went to the Junshan Hualong Wharf, Dongting Lake and the Yangtze River Basin's hydrological "barometer" Chenglingji Hydrological Station to observe the illegal sand and gravel wharf ban and rectification. Regarding the restoration of greenery and the restoration of wetlands, the ecological development concept of “taking great efforts to protect together and not doing large-scale development” and “protecting a river and clear water” is put forward.
Keeping in mind Yin Yin’s entrustment, Hunan has fully implemented a series of environmental governance and restoration actions such as the special remediation of the Yangtze River coastline and the comprehensive management of the Dongting Lake ecological environment, firmly establishing the concept that green water and green mountains are golden mountains and silver mountains, and activating the "ecological economy" to a higher level. The quality development path shows new deeds in the construction of ecological civilization.
In the Datong Lake in the Dongting Lake area, wintering migratory birds skimmed over the water.
Photo by Xu Gang
The clear water and the green shores reproduce the fish and birds flying set
Dongting Lake is the second largest freshwater lake in China and an important storage lake and wetland in the Yangtze River Basin. It is known as the "Kidney of the Yangtze River."
However, due to the long-term predatory development and utilization in the past, the water surface of Dongting Lake has shrunk and the ecology has deteriorated. The wetland is facing the threat of a sharp decline in area and functional degradation.
In March 2016, in response to the ecological and environmental problems that have been highlighted throughout the year in Dongting Lake, Hunan initiated five special actions such as dredging and storage of ditches, ponds and dams, and pollution remediation of livestock and poultry breeding. At the end of 2017, the "Three-year Action Plan for Special Remediation of Dongting Lake Ecological Environment" was issued. (2018-2020)", in the 25 districts, counties and cities of the Lake District, concentrated control of pollution in ten areas, and special rectification "wars" have been launched one after another.
“In the past three years, all 1,139 problems in Dongting Lake have been rectified.” Tong Zheng, director of the Management Bureau of East Dongting Lake Nature Reserve in Hunan, said that through the cleaning of European and American black poplars, the removal of low fences, the retreat of natural waters, and the ecological restoration of wetlands. A series of measures, including the landing of fishermen, completed the restoration of 668,800 acres of wetlands in East Dongting Lake. A total of 472 low fences have been removed. The wetland protection rate has stabilized at more than 72%, and the overall water ecological environment quality has been significantly improved.
Not only that, Hunan has also promoted the construction of ecological corridors along the Yangtze River coastline, exiting the Yangtze River coastline for 7.24 kilometers, reforesting 13,000 mu, and building three 50-meter-wide demonstration shelterbelts of 10 kilometers. Illegal sand mining has been basically eliminated. "Without a trace, the shoreline of the Yangtze River has become a beautiful landscape with "smooth rivers, clear waters, solid embankments, green shores, and beautiful scenery".
Correspondingly, the wetland of Dongting Lake is full of green, and more than 260 kinds of plants grow vigorously in lakes, rivers, tidal flats, and meadows. The prosperous plants constitute the starting point of the wetland ecology.
In 2020, the water quality of Dongting Lake will be improved from Class V in 2015 to Class IV, and all other evaluation indicators except total phosphorus will reach Class III. At the same time, there are more than 288,000 waterbirds overwintering, the highest in 10 years. The stable population of finless porpoise reaches 130. Around that time, the elk population has grown to 220.
"The beautiful pictures of egrets flying, elk playing, and finless porpoise prancing again reappear in Dongting Lake." Peng Xiaocheng, deputy director of the Department of Water Ecology and Environment of Hunan Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment, said that the goal of "improving water quality, restoring ecology, and harmony between people and water" has been continuously consolidated. , Expansion and improvement, the ecological environment quality of Dongting Lake continues to improve, showing a gratifying trend of "three more and one good" with more grass, more fish, more birds, and good water.
The construction of high-standard farmland in Dongting Lake, the "land of fish and rice", is in full swing.
Photo by Xu Gang
The land of fish and rice activates the "ecological economy"
Dongting Lake is the kingdom of reeds, and the overwhelming reeds constitute the background color of Dongting Lake.
The problem of reeds has always been a major event in the restoration and protection of the Dongting Lake ecosystem.
Reeds can purify water quality, adsorb heavy metals, and inhibit algae. It is an important part of maintaining the biodiversity of lake wetlands. It is an ideal habitat for fish and birds and a natural hiding place for elk.
In the 1970s, reeds were discovered to be used for the production of industrial paper and were planted in large areas.
Reed is mainly used as a raw material for papermaking, attracting a large number of papermaking enterprises to enter. At the peak, there are 234 large and small reed papermaking enterprises in the surrounding area.
However, as pollution control increased and the paper industry continued to slump, a large number of paper mills were shut down, and unharvested reeds fell in the water, which rotted and polluted the water body, causing eutrophication of the water body.
How to deal with this difficult problem?
Hunan Yuanjiang takes advantage of the tradition of people in the lake area to collect and eat reed sprouts to promote the "eco-economy" to make the reed industry break down and build a new one, becoming "Dongting Cordyceps" asparagus and "Dongting Lake Fresh" mushrooms to be sold at home and abroad, with the goal of tens of billions of industries. .
Also around Dongting Lake, high-strength man-made panels produced from reeds are moving towards the world's largest furniture industry cluster.
"The idle reeds in the lake area have now become the "golden mountains and silver mountains" of asparagus, reed mushrooms and plates." Zheng Mingjun, Party Secretary of the Reed General Field in Junshan District, Yueyang City, said that the sprouts of reeds commonly known as "asparagus" use idle reeds. The reed mushrooms explored as a substrate for cultivating edible fungi are all rare and delicious; the artificial reed board and the biomass fuel being explored are important issues for industrial transformation and upgrading.
The transformation of the reed industry to a green ecology is only a microcosm of the activation of the "ecological economy" by Dongting Lake.
The planting of aquatic plants introduced as a result of the improvement of the water environment, the new ecological breeding of rice, shrimp, rice and crab symbiosis, the comprehensive upgrade of high-standard farmland construction, and the advancement of comprehensive modern agricultural reform pilot projects...Dongting Lake once again unearthed the "golden" of agriculture in the green ecology. mine".
Promoting the green and efficient use of the Yangtze River coastline, the Chenglingji New Port District has unified the operation and management of the 11.9 kilometers of the Yangtze River coastline within its core area, which not only saves 750 meters of space on the Yangtze River coastline, but also doubles the loading and unloading efficiency, and the container throughput is perennial. Maintaining more than 500,000 TEUs, the opening-up and development of the port industry has begun to take shape.
The ecological environment of Dongting Lake continues to improve, and it also attracts many tourists to the lake to enjoy bird watching, which fully promotes the development of tourism around Dongting Lake.
The "post-80s" Liu Yuehua and his wife in Datong Lake, Yiyang, returned to their hometown in 2019. They renovated the old house near the lake and opened a new homestay. They fell asleep with the waves and woke up to the sound of birds. This year, their operating profit can exceed 700,000 yuan. .
The embankment outside the embankment is surrounded by green water, green grass, red bricks and green tiles, and smoke lingering in the embankment, highlighting the beauty of the big rivers and lakes, and the unique tourist landscape is in front of you.
Dongting Lake, the hometown of fish and rice, activates the "ecological economy", and the people feel the unity and integration of the beauty of nature and humanity.
The rice-shrimp symbiosis comprehensive planting and breeding model in Nanxian County has become a "golden mountain and silver mountain" for the prosperity of the people.
Photo by Yu Jie
The system unites governance and always protects the clear water for a long time
Dongting Lake is a water-crossing lake that receives four waters (the four major rivers of Hunan, Zi, Yuan, and Li) to swallow the Yangtze River, and the management of water cannot be limited to one lake.
According to Liu Qun, deputy secretary and deputy director of the Hunan Provincial Department of Ecological Environment, the ecological protection and restoration project of the Xiangjiang River Basin and Dongting Lake in Hunan is a systematic and holistic "big chess".
From the beginning, Hunan has planned the Xiangjiang River Basin and the upper and lower reaches of the Dongting Lake pilot area, the left bank and the right bank, the ground and the ground, and the water and underwater as a whole. The source control, process interception, end treatment, and regional comprehensive treatment are carried out as a whole chain. Technical design and project layout strive to fundamentally solve the prominent ecological and environmental problems in the region, and consolidate the effectiveness of the Xiangjiang River Basin and Dongting Lake governance.
With the three major defense battles of blue sky, clear water, and pure land as the main line, with "one river, one lake and four waters" as the main battlefield, and the "summer offensive" as the starting point, Hunan will in-depth fight pollution prevention and control battles and accelerate the repayment of ecological environment history. In arrears, continue to improve the quality of the ecological environment.
At the same time, through the exploration of mine ecological environment damage assessment and functional restoration, rural sewage treatment, urban river comprehensive treatment, etc., Hunan Province has formed a complete set of technical and institutional achievements of the ecological protection and restoration project of mountains, waters, forests, fields, lakes and grasses, and constructed " Ecological protection and restoration model of Hunan landscape, forest, field, lake and grass".
At present, the 157 sections of the main stream and main tributaries of the Xiangjiang River Basin have reached 99.36% of the Grade III water quality standard. The 11 assessed sections of Dongting Lake have reached the Grade III water quality standard except for total phosphorus.
In the whole country, Hunan has taken the lead in completing the delimitation of 1,001 water source protection areas with a population of 1,000 tons, 591 township-level water source protection areas with a population of 1,000 or more, and 2121 other water source protection areas with a population of 1,000 or more. The province's river basin ecological compensation system "lakes and four waters".
To promote the long-term stability of Dongting Lake, Hunan is "strong medicine" in governing the lake according to law.
The "Regulations on the Protection of Dongting Lake in Hunan Province" have been formally implemented on September 1. The rivers and lakes cooperate with the rivers and lakes to govern together, and promote the Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone to actively integrate into the Yangtze River Economic Belt; legislation on the management of sand mining in rivers and the protection of mountain water bodies has been promulgated. A "protection net" of the rule of law for the ecological and environmental protection of Dongting Lake will be formed.
"Hunan Province uses systematic thinking to guide the grand project of ecological protection and ecological restoration, and realizes the health of the entire river basin." Liu Qun said, continuing to firmly establish the concept that green water and green mountains are golden mountains and silver mountains, and Hunan closely depends on the province. The people work together to build a modern new Hunan with blue sky, green land and clear water.
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