New residents renting houses: from family affairs to state affairs
Experts interpret opinions on accelerating the development of affordable rental housing
● With the acceleration of urbanization and the expansion of the floating population, the housing difficulties of new citizens and young people such as migrant workers and newly employed college students have become increasingly prominent
● The "Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Affordable Rental Housing" proposes to "accelerate the improvement of the housing security system with public rental housing, affordable rental housing and shared property housing as the main body", which is of great significance to the construction of the future housing security system
● The future urban housing security regulations should include a series of institutional arrangements such as security subjects, security objects, security standards, security methods, access and exit arrangements, and the rights and obligations of all parties.
□ Our reporter Chen Lei
□ Our newspaper trainee reporter Sun Tianjiao
On the evening of April 16th, at a bus stop on Wangjing West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, Jin Zhi, a 50-year-old from Anhui, and Ma Qing, a 27-year-old from Hubei, were waiting for the bus to go home.
These are two people who usually don't meet at all. They graduated from Jinzhi Elementary School and work in a nearby foreign trade company; Ma Qing graduated with a master's degree last year and works for a nearby high-tech company.
But the two have a common trouble: how can they rent a house that is convenient and cheap to work?
Such troubles also trouble countless people.
The seventh national census data shows that in 2020, the national floating population will be 376 million people.
With the acceleration of urbanization and the expansion of the floating population, the housing difficulties of new citizens and young people such as migrant workers and newly employed college students have become increasingly prominent.
In order to solve this problem, the General Office of the State Council recently issued the "Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Affordable Rental Housing" (hereinafter referred to as the "Opinions"), proposing to "speed up the development of affordable rental housing".
Many experts interviewed by reporters from the "Rules of Law Daily" believe that the "Opinions" highlight the central government's determination to emphasize "no speculation in housing" and to effectively reduce the housing burden of households; vigorously develop affordable rental housing, which is conducive to reducing middle and low incomes. The housing burden of class and new citizens.
At the same time, rigid legal constraints are needed to ensure that this good policy that benefits the people is truly implemented.
New residents spend most of their rents
It is difficult to rent and commute away from work
Wearing a light brown T-shirt, black slacks, and a shoulder bag, the reporter saw Jin Zhi who was about to take the bus home at the bus stop.
She has come to Beijing to work with her husband for many years. She is currently working in a nearby foreign trade company with a monthly income of more than 5000 yuan.
Her husband works in a construction company.
Jinzhi and his wife rented a village in the city near Li Tianqiao on the Sixth Ring Road in Shunyi District, Beijing, and the monthly rent was more than 900 yuan.
It takes about two hours to commute to and from get off work by bus on weekdays.
Jin Zhi's two children are both in their hometown in Anhui. The eldest is a daughter, and they are married.
The second child is a son, an adult but still single.
The couple have no plans to buy a house in Beijing, "it is impossible to afford it", but hope to work in Beijing for a few more years, earn money for their son's marriage, and earn money for their own pension.
For Jin Zhi, the biggest monthly expenditure of the couple in Beijing is housing expenses.
"The houses in the city are too expensive to rent. Now I live farther away, but the rent is also much cheaper." She told reporters that renting an old house built in the 1980s and 1990s near the unit The monthly rent for a one-bedroom apartment is at least 6,000 yuan.
Renting a room with others costs more than 3,000 yuan.
Jin Zhi hurriedly concluded the interview, got on the bus, and hurried home to cook dinner.
It is not only the migrant workers like Jin Zhi who suffer from high rents, but also Ma Qing, who works in a nearby office building.
Ma Qing graduated with a master's degree from a university in Wuhan, Hubei Province in July last year and joined his current unit in October last year.
After confirming the employment, she began to check the rental housing near the work place on the intermediary platform.
"I don't know if I check it. I was surprised when I checked it. The rent was too expensive. Although it was the off-season for renting a house and was in the epidemic prevention and control period, a small room in a two-bedroom apartment cost almost 3,000 yuan." Ma Qing recalled. "I am a new hire, how much money did I earn in a month?"
On the suggestion of a fellow villager working in Beijing, Ma Qing rented a two-bedroom apartment near the Shunyi Station of Beijing Subway Line 15, with a monthly rent of less than 1,500 yuan.
But the commute made Ma Qing miserable, "the morning and evening peaks are often crowded into photos."
Later, Ma Qing moved to a place two kilometers away from the subway station. The commuting method was changed to a bus connected to the subway. The journey took about an hour and a half.
"For me, who is a newcomer to Bei Diao, renting a house is a big problem." Ma Qing said.
The rapid expansion of the floating population
Residential supply is now structurally inadequate
For many migrants who come to big cities, renting is a big problem.
The official website of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development recently stated that after years of development, especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, my country has built a total of more than 80 million sets of various types of affordable housing and resettlement housing, helping more than 200 million people in need to improve. Improved housing conditions.
"With the acceleration of the urbanization process and the expansion of the floating population, the housing difficulties of new citizens and young people such as migrant workers, newly employed college students, etc. have become increasingly prominent. It is necessary to accelerate the improvement of public rental housing, affordable rental housing and shared property rights. A housing security system with housing as the mainstay." This article said.
The "Opinions" issued recently clearly stated: highlighting the livelihood attributes of housing, expanding the supply of affordable rental housing, alleviating the structural supply shortage in the housing rental market, and promoting the establishment of a housing system featuring multi-subject supply, multi-channel guarantee, and simultaneous rental and purchase. A new type of human-centered urbanization will promote the realization of housing for all people.
The "Opinions" clarify support policies for accelerating the development of affordable rental housing, and promote the use of stock land and houses to build small, low-rent affordable rental housing in major cities with net population inflows.
Zou Linhua, the leader of the housing big data project team of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences’ Financial Strategy Research Institute, analyzed that the "Opinions" clarified the basic system and support policies for affordable rental housing, highlighting the central government’s emphasis on "no speculation in housing and housing" and effectively reducing the number of households. Determination of housing affordability.
"Vigorously developing affordable rental housing will help reduce the housing burden of low- and middle-income groups and new citizens," said Linhua Zou.
Zhao Xiuchi, secretary-general of the Beijing Real Estate Law Society and professor at the Capital University of Economics and Business, said that the "Opinions" proposes to "accelerate the improvement of the housing security system with public rental housing, affordable rental housing and shared property housing as the main body". The construction is of great significance.
Zhao Xiuchi believes that the "Opinions" is a great benefit for new citizens and young people. When they rent a house, in addition to the rental housing and public rental housing provided by the market, there is another type of affordable rental housing to choose from, which is equivalent to Give them a "reassurance pill" to integrate into the city.
Implementation of local responsibilities has become a bright spot
Solve the housing problem of the people in difficulty
Jin Zhi and Ma Qing are the people covered by the "Opinions".
The "Opinions" clarified that affordable rental housing mainly solves the housing difficulties of eligible new citizens, young people and other groups, mainly small units with a floor area of no more than 70 square meters, and the rent is lower than that of market rental housing in the same location and quality. rent.
Including the clarification of the access system for affordable rental housing, the "Opinions" clarified the basic system for affordable rental housing from five aspects: guiding multi-party participation, insisting on matching supply and demand, and implementing local responsibilities.
In Zou Linhua’s opinion, according to the "Opinions", large cities with net population inflows and cities determined by provincial people’s governments can explore the use of collective operating construction land to build affordable rental housing; allow enterprises and institutions to use their own land to build security Renting houses, changing land use, and not paying back the land price, etc., are "stronger and more maneuverable."
According to the "Opinions", the urban people's government is responsible for the development of affordable rental housing in the region, and for the promotion of solving the housing difficulties of new citizens, young people and other groups.
The provincial people's government is generally responsible for the development of affordable rental housing in the region, and must strengthen the organization, leadership, supervision and inspection, and implement monitoring and evaluation of the development of affordable rental housing in the city.
In Zhao Xiuchi's view, "implementing local responsibilities" is the biggest highlight of the "Opinions".
The construction of affordable rental housing is very policy-oriented, such as "collective operating construction land, idle land owned by enterprises and institutions, supporting land for industrial parks, and the construction of idle houses in stock". The government needs to do something to promote the implementation of the project.
Zhao Xiuchi believes that for the arrangement of the housing system, different policies should be formulated according to different incomes. The so-called high-end market, middle-end support, and low-end guarantee.
Zou Linhua believes that affordable rental housing is a brand-new type of affordable housing, which, together with common property housing and public rental housing, constitute the top-level design of the social housing system.
Starting from the improvement of the housing security system, local governments have the responsibility to develop affordable rental housing.
"Housing security, whether it is regarded as a social welfare or as a social assistance, for modern countries, the main body of responsibility is the government." Lou Jianbo, director of the Real Estate Law Research Center, Peking University Law School According to the actual situation in our country, the party and the government have been working on housing security for many years.
To solve the housing problem of the people in difficulty, the government is the first person responsible for housing security. We have reached a consensus on this point.
Lou Jianbo said that according to the "Opinions", in terms of the division of responsibilities between the central government and local governments, the responsibility for housing security is mainly borne by the local government, which is also in line with my country's actual housing security situation.
Government responsibilities need rigid constraints
Urgent need to speed up housing security legislation
In Lou Jianbo's view, legislation urgently needs to keep up with the government's responsibilities in increasing affordable rental housing.
"If the government wants to develop affordable rental housing in the region, it cannot be just an oath, it needs the rigid restraint of the law."
The reporter combed and found that in May 2019, the "State Council's 2019 Legislative Work Plan" issued by the General Office of the State Council clearly included the "Urban Housing Security Regulations", which was drafted by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development.
The person in charge of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development revealed at that time that my country must accelerate the promotion of housing security legislation, clarify the top-level design and basic institutional framework of housing security at the national level, consolidate the responsibility of all levels of government housing security, and at the same time regulate the access and withdrawal of affordable housing Provide a legal basis.
According to Lou Jianbo's analysis, my country definitely needs legislation on housing security, and there are three models to choose from.
The first model is a special legislation, the housing security law is promulgated at the legal level or the urban housing security regulations are promulgated at the administrative level to regulate various affordable housing systems including affordable rental housing.
"The second model is to formulate a unified housing law, which stipulates the housing security system." Lou Jianbo said. The third model is to stipulate housing security related content in the current urban real estate management law, land management law and other laws, such as The land management law stipulates the supply of land for affordable housing, etc.
Lou Jianbo believes that from the perspective of regulating housing security according to law, my country urgently needs to speed up the progress of housing security legislation. However, from the historical context of my country’s housing security field, the form of housing security is still in the development stage after more than 20 years of summary and exploration. From affordable housing to "two-limited housing", from low-rent housing to public rental housing, it is now shaped as a housing security system with public rental housing, affordable rental housing and shared property housing as the mainstay.
"After we have explored the field of housing security and summed up mature housing security experience, we can solidify these experiences through regulations or legal forms to form our own housing security legislation." Lou Jianbo said.
In Zhao Xiuchi's view, the current housing security system reform is still in progress. Facing the housing security problem with diverse needs, it is still difficult to regulate with mature laws, and the differences between cities are quite large.
However, after exploration, it will be sooner or later that my country will promulgate urban housing security regulations.
"The future urban housing security regulations should include a series of institutional arrangements such as the main body of the security, the objects of the security, the security standards, the security methods, access and exit arrangements, and the rights and obligations of all parties." Zhao Xiuchi said.