China News Service, Jilin Lishu, July 14th, title: Subverting the traditional protection of black soil in Jilin: less work, more gains

　　China News Agency reporter Guo Jia

　　As the saying goes, no hard work, no gain.

In China’s famous grain-producing county in Jilin Pear Tree, farmers have realized "less work, more harvest".

　　Recently, Wang Guiman, a well-known Chinese agricultural expert and head of the Lishu County Agricultural Technology Extension Station, brought reporters to the field to explain why the farmers on this land are different.

　　For thousands of years, Chinese farmers have been accustomed to intensive farming. Before planting, they have to clean up the straw, plowing, rotary tillage, ridge formation, etc., but pear farmers do not know the straw can not be ridged and sow directly.

This black soil conservation tillage technology with straw mulching and no-tillage technology as the core is called the "Pear Tree Mode" and is jointly developed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Agricultural University, and the Lishu County Agricultural Extension Department.

　　Wang Guiman is one of the initiators of the "Pear Tree Model".

He said that the "Pear Tree Mode" looks rough, but in fact it is extraordinarily fine. This is first reflected in the plow. The no-tillage planter developed by Pear Tree has been updated to the 8th generation.

　　Historically, the plow was an important indicator to measure the level of agricultural development. Nowadays, researchers have realized that the continuous plowing of the surface soil by farmers is one of the important reasons for the loss of soil moisture and soil in the cultivated layer.

　　Wang Guiman is one of the designers of China's first no-tillage planter.

He introduced that planting with a no-tillage planter is like doing an operation. First, cut a thin slit in the soil, and then squeeze the slit together after planting the seeds. This process has little interference to the soil and is close to no-tillage. .

　　Lishu is located on the golden corn belt in the world. The light and hot water matches the best summer season. The corn grows wildly. Wang Guiman pulls out the huge leaves and walks in front. .

This is the subtlety of the "Pear Tree Model".

　　Wang Guiman likes to compare the straw in the field to the "quilt of the black earth."

On the one hand, it can reduce water evaporation, increase soil organic matter, and promote corn production. On the other hand, it can also block rainwater runoff from taking away the surface soil.

　　Monitoring over the past 10 years has shown that the 0 cm to 20 cm organic matter content of the land where the "pear tree model" was first implemented has increased by 12.9%, and there are 60 to 100 earthworms per square meter, far exceeding the number of conventional ridge cultivation.

　　"The activities of a large number of earthworms and microorganisms have played a role in deepening the loose soil. In addition, they also speed up the conversion of straw and promote the maturation of the soil." Wang Guiman said.

　　After more than 10 years of development, the "Pear Tree Model" has become a set of integrated solutions for black soil protection.

Here, field monitors, automatic soil moisture stations, and regional weather stations are all over the field. Data such as temperature, precipitation, and soil moisture are updated in real time. Farmers have scientific data guidance from planting to harvesting.

　　"The ground temperature forecast during spring plowing is too critical." said Wang Yu, the head of the Hongwang Agricultural Machinery Farmers Cooperative in Lishu County. Previously, farming was based on personal experience. Uncertainty in the timing would affect the year's harvest.

　　Hou Yanbin, deputy director of the Jilin Provincial Meteorological Bureau, said that at present, the bureau has established a black soil farmland ecological environment monitoring system in Lishu, providing data support for the "pear tree model" for protecting black soil.

　　In Wang Guiman’s view, the concept of the “pear tree model” focuses on protection rather than utilization, which is more in line with the laws of nature. Therefore, it is not only suitable for black soil protection in corn-growing areas, but also for the protection of yellow soil and red soil. value.

　　It is understood that the "Pear Tree Model" has been extended to more than 50 million mu in Northeast China.

In the next five years, China will work to promote conservation tillage of 140 million mu here.

(Finish)