The "fingertip economy" at the door of
our newspaper's reporter Chen Faming Song Meiqian
Manchu paper-cutting, cloth paste painting, iron lanterns, Manchu traditional wood craftsmanship...The intangible cultural heritage resources of Fengning Manchu Autonomous County, Chengde City, Hebei Province are very rich. There are 67 intangible cultural heritage projects at all levels in the county.
How to transform these unique Manchu folk cultural resources into a new way for the masses to increase their income?
In June 2018, Fengning was identified by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and the Poverty Alleviation Office of the State Council at the time as one of the 10 “intangible heritage + poverty alleviation” pilot counties and the first batch of “intangible heritage + poverty alleviation” key support areas.
Since then, Fengning has dig deep into its resource advantages and explored a cultural poverty alleviation road of “intangible cultural heritage + poverty alleviation”, allowing the general public to hold intangible cultural heritage jobs, realizing employment at home and increasing income at their fingertips.
Find out the "Intangible Cultural Heritage"
Walking into the inheritance base of the Fengning Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center, in the exhibition hall on the second floor, reporters were attracted by various exquisitely produced intangible cultural heritage works, such as life-like paper-cuts, colorful cloth paste paintings, and neatly textured iron woven lanterns , The beautiful Dousheng woodenware...Every silent work has a history of Manchu folk culture.
"We selected professionals to form a working group, focusing on the inheritance and protection of Fengning Manchu paper-cuts and cloth paste paintings, and conducted a comprehensive investigation of the county's intangible cultural industry projects." Yang Lin, director of the county's intangible cultural heritage protection center, told reporters about the findings. For the intangible cultural heritage project, Fengning has established an intangible cultural heritage database, improved archive management, and compiled a protection list.
While improving the national, provincial, municipal, and county-level protection system for intangible heritage lists, it also organically integrates with poverty alleviation, and actively explores and innovates the “intangible heritage + poverty alleviation” model to increase employment and income of poor households nearby.
After figuring out the “family status” of intangible cultural heritage, Fengning gradually established the working ideas of establishing “traditional craft workstations” in county towns and “intangible cultural heritage poverty alleviation employment workshops” in towns and villages where conditions permit, and actively planned the establishment of counties, townships, and villages. Village three-level "intangible heritage + poverty alleviation" work system.
At the same time, Fengning incorporated the "intangible heritage + poverty alleviation" demonstration work funds into the annual fiscal budget, set up an intangible cultural heritage poverty alleviation guide fund of 1 million yuan, accelerated the promotion of "intangible cultural heritage + poverty alleviation" demonstration bases, and sought 2.6 million yuan for the eastern and western poverty alleviation cooperation funds. , Used for the upgrading and transformation of non-genetic inheritance base workshops and workshops, trainee training and inspection, raw material supply, teaching materials printing, product research and development, market development, etc.
In addition, Fengning also included intangible heritage bases, poverty alleviation workshops and employment workshops in the scope of poverty alleviation industry subsidies.
Realize "home employment"
“Non-genetic inheritance cannot be borne by one family alone. More people need to participate.” Hao Ruxiang, deputy curator of Fengning Longteng Art Museum, is the granddaughter-in-law of Mr. Teng Teng, the founder of Teng’s cloth paste painting. The inheritor of the legacy project, she encountered a puzzle a few years ago: those who are engaged in cloth paste painting are old craftsmen, and few young people can calm down and learn this art.
In the early 1990s, the Manchu folk "applique" technique was researched and innovated by Mr. Teng Teng. On the basis of traditional techniques, he absorbed the essence of pile embroidery, silk man, relief, thangka, embroidery, cloth stickers, cloisonne, etc. Created the folk art masterpiece-cloth paste painting with both nationality, tradition and novelty.
In 2018, Hao Ruxiang actively participated in learning that the county would build intangible cultural heritage poverty alleviation employment workshops.
"From my own point of view, it is more about inheritance." Hao Ruxiang said. With the support of the county, she participated in three intensive training courses. The 240 trainees were basically from rural areas, and 30% of them were at the time. “After the training, we selected two villages with relatively concentrated trainees to continue intangible cultural heritage skills training, teaching once a week.”
After more than two years of exploration, the cloth paste painting intangible heritage poverty alleviation and employment workshop has achieved a win-win effect.
“Many of the trainees have already mastered this skill initially, and we have also found some trainees with advanced craftsmanship that can be cultivated as inheritors.” Hao Ruxiang said that she usually gives the students the designed models and base plates. Paste it, and then repurchase and assemble it, "a set of works farmers can earn an average of 1,200 yuan in manual costs."
The reporter learned that in order to improve the training effect, Fengning organized representative inheritors of intangible cultural heritage to compile a series of training materials such as "Fengning Manchu Paper-cutting Techniques" and "Chinese Folk Cloth Paste Painting Techniques". The undertaker is a special instructor and lecturer of the intangible cultural heritage skills training base, and offers training courses on intangible cultural heritage projects such as paper-cutting, cloth paste painting, woodwork, iron lanterns, etc., and conducts intangible cultural heritage skills training in a production-learning-research model.
Up to now, Fengning has carried out more than 300 online and offline training sessions, with more than 70,000 trainees trained. The poverty-stricken households who have set up files account for more than 30%, and most of the trainees have been able to create works independently.
Broaden the market space
In the intangible cultural heritage poverty alleviation and employment workshop in Wudaoying Village, Wudaoying Township, Fengning, 69-year-old Ding Junfang has become a “paper-cut master”.
In the past few years, Ding Junfang suffered from cerebral infarction, which made the originally not wealthy family more difficult. The children were not around, and his life depended on his wife, Chen Shucheng, to take care of him.
In 2018, Fengning set up an intangible cultural heritage poverty alleviation employment workshop in Wudaoying Village. Chen Shucheng, who used to have a foundation in paper-cutting skills, went to participate in the training. She was worried about her husband, so she took Ding Junfang to study together.
Unexpectedly, Ding Junfang was so talented that he could cut out decent works after participating in two trainings. Later, he became a weekend tutor at a local primary school, teaching children how to learn Manchu paper-cutting.
Under the guidance of the national non-genetic inheritor Zhang Dongge, Wudaoying Village has carried out traditional handicraft training for the village's poor population, left-behind women and people with weak labor ability. At present, more than 50 trainees have been trained, and 23 poor households have been lifted out of poverty and increased in income.
“Not only does learning cost nothing, raw materials do not cost money, the county also helps us sell products.” Ding Junfang himself did not expect to accidentally find a way to increase income when he reached his 70s. In 2020, he will earn more than 3,000 yuan in income from paper-cutting. .
Today, the paper-cut works of Wudaoying Village have been turned into tourist products, which are sold in the intangible cultural heritage exhibition and sales area of key scenic spots in Fengning China, such as Mazhen and Shenxian Valley.
In order to create an intangible cultural heritage brand with Fengning characteristics, Fengning encourages and supports local traditional craft products to participate in various exhibitions and brand marketing activities at all levels, and cooperates with Prince Gong’s Mansion, Beijing Palace Museum cultural and creative team, well-known tourist attractions and online and offline E-commerce platforms are deeply connected to broaden the sales channels of traditional handicraft products produced by intangible cultural heritage poverty alleviation employment workshops.
At present, the county's average annual sales income of intangible cultural heritage products has reached more than 4 million yuan.
The reporter learned from the Hebei Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism that by the end of 2020, the province has established 359 intangible cultural heritage poverty alleviation employment workshops, organized "intangible cultural heritage + poverty alleviation" exchanges and dialogues, and carried out intangible cultural heritage shopping festivals, live broadcasts and other activities Among them, the first Hebei Intangible Heritage Shopping Festival, the Grand Canal Intangible Heritage Exhibition and other activities were organized, and the accumulated sales income of the exhibited projects reached 57.38 million yuan.
Our reporter Chen Faming Song Meiqian