Recently, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the "Notice on the Action Plan for Deepening the Reform of the Price Mechanism during the 14th Five-Year Plan Period" (hereinafter referred to as the "Action Plan").
The reporter interviewed relevant responsible comrades of the National Development and Reform Commission.
Question: What is the background of the formulation of the Action Plan?
Answer: General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "the comprehensive deepening of reforms is a complex system project that requires strengthening of top-level design and overall planning."
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, price work has insisted on overall planning, guided by top-level design, and enhanced the system, integrity, and synergy of reforms.
In order to further advance the reforms, in October 2015, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the "Several Opinions on Promoting the Reform of the Price Mechanism" (Zhongfa﹝2015﹞28), comprehensively planning and deploying the reform of the price mechanism during the 13th Five-Year Plan period. jobs.
In order to implement the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, our committee has formulated an annual reform plan, detailing the road map and timetable for various key reform tasks.
With the joint efforts of all parties, breakthroughs have been made in price work during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period: First, the price mechanism that is mainly determined by the market is basically perfect.
All prices that can be formed by the market are handed over to the market. Up to now, more than 97% of the prices of goods and services have been formed by the market.
The second is the establishment of a scientific pricing system.
Promote the list of government pricing items, limit the scope of government pricing to mainly network-based natural monopoly links and important public utilities, and public welfare services, and establish and improve government pricing that combines constraints and incentives with "permitted costs + reasonable benefits" as the core mechanism.
Third, new breakthroughs have been made in price reforms in key areas.
Two rounds of transmission and distribution price reforms were completed, coal-fired power generation on-grid tariff reforms, natural gas gate price reforms, etc. were successfully introduced, the railway freight mechanism was further improved, public utilities and public service price reforms made positive progress, and the price mechanism for green development was promoted Gradually improve.
The fourth is to cut costs by more than 1 trillion yuan.
By reducing energy consumption, logistics costs and charging burdens of enterprises, and continuously releasing reform dividends, the burden of the whole society has been reduced by more than 1 trillion yuan.
Fifth, the effect of ensuring supply and price stabilization is remarkable.
The price control mechanism of important livelihood commodities has been continuously improved and has withstood the impact and test of the new crown pneumonia and African swine fever.
In general, the above-mentioned measures have greatly stimulated the vitality of market players and effectively guaranteed market supply; effectively promoted the free flow of factors and effectively improved the efficiency of resource allocation; facilitated the adjustment of industrial structure and promoted the green transformation of the economy and society.
Practice has proved that strengthening the top-level design is conducive to consolidating consensus on reforms, clarifying reform paths, conducive to the implementation of reforms, and has played a vital role in advancing the reform of the price mechanism.
Therefore, in the first year of the "14th Five-Year Plan", we extensively listened to the opinions of local governments, relevant departments, experts and scholars, and formulated the Action Plan.
Question: What are the key tasks and goals proposed in the "Action Plan"?
Answer: The "Action Plan" benchmarks against the spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Party and the deployment of the "Outline" of the "14th Five-Year Plan", summarizes and evaluates the implementation of reforms during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, and deeply analyzes changes in domestic and foreign situations. On the basis of the “14th Five-Year Plan” period, the overall goal of deepening the reform of the price mechanism was clarified, that is, by 2025, the prices of competitive fields and links are mainly determined by the market, and the scientific pricing mechanism of the network-type natural monopoly link is fully established, and the price of energy resources The formation mechanism has been further improved, the price control mechanism for important livelihood commodities has been improved, public service price policies have been basically improved, and a price policy system that meets the requirements of high-quality development has been basically established.
The "Action Plan" insists on serving the overall situation of economic and social development, focusing on the outstanding contradictions and problems faced by the current price work, pinpointing to help achieve the goal of "carbon peak and carbon neutral", strengthen and improve price control, and promote resource conservation and environmental protection. Four key points including improving the quality of public service supply, and making arrangements for the key tasks of the price mechanism reform during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period: First, strengthen the goal orientation, adhere to the market-oriented reform direction, and in-depth advance energy price reforms such as electricity, oil and gas , Improve the price formation mechanism, strengthen the price and cost supervision of the network-type natural monopoly link, gradually straighten out the energy price, and help achieve the goal of "carbon peak and carbon neutrality".
The second is to speed up making up for shortcomings, focus on important livelihood commodities and bulk commodities, improve the monitoring, forecasting and early warning system, improve the control toolbox, strengthen policy support, and improve the ability and level of supply and price stability.
The third is to emphasize systematic governance, comprehensively promote the reform of water resources prices, straighten out the whole chain price mechanism from raw water to terminal water supply, improve the sewage treatment fee policy, and help water resources protection, water pollution prevention and water ecological restoration.
The fourth is to insist on improving people’s livelihood, focusing on what the people think and expect, improve the price policies for public welfare services such as education, elderly care, funerals, scenic spots, and improve the price mechanism of public utilities such as water, electricity, heating and garbage disposal, and promote the improvement of supply quality and efficiency to better meet The people's growing needs for a better life.
Question: The Action Plan puts forward “to help achieve the goal of'carbon peaking and carbon neutrality'”. What are the specific key measures?
Answer: Since the "13th Five-Year Plan", the state has continued to deepen energy price reform in accordance with the reform concept of "controlling the middle and liberalizing the two ends". The price and cost supervision of power transmission and distribution, natural gas pipeline transportation and other fields have been continuously strengthened, and historic achievements have been made; The gradual liberalization of prices in competitive links has been formed by the market, which has greatly stimulated the vitality of market players.
Among them, focusing on promoting green and low-carbon development, the state has continuously promoted the reform of electricity marketization, improved the on-grid tariff policies for new energy such as wind power and photovoltaic power generation, and introduced electricity tariff policies to support the ultra-low emission transformation of coal-fired generating units. The energy industry has implemented a differentiated electricity price policy and achieved significant results.
However, the task of transforming my country's energy structure is still very arduous.
Last year, my country officially announced that it will strive to achieve carbon peaks by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060, that is, it will take 10 to 40 years to advance the goal in an orderly manner.
The deepening of energy price reform during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period will focus on the goal of "carbon peak and carbon neutrality", and give full play to the incentives and constraints of the price mechanism to promote comprehensive economic and social development on the basis of full consideration of the bearing capacity of related parties. Green transformation.
To this end, the "Action Plan" puts forward key measures from two aspects of energy supply and consumption: One is to promote the low-carbon transformation of the energy supply structure.
Continue to deepen the market-oriented reform of on-grid electricity prices for hydropower, nuclear power, and natural gas power generation, improve the price formation mechanism for wind power and photovoltaic power generation, implement the newly introduced pumped storage price mechanism, establish a new energy storage price mechanism, and promote the development of new energy and related energy storage industries .
Continue to promote the reform of transmission and distribution prices, straighten out the structure of transmission and distribution prices, improve the flexibility of the electricity price mechanism, promote the nearby consumption of new energy, and optimize the allocation of power resources on a larger scale.
The second is to promote the optimization of energy consumption structure.
Improve green electricity price policies such as differential electricity prices and tiered electricity prices for high energy-consuming and high-emission industries, increase implementation efforts, and promote energy conservation and carbon reduction.
Reduce shore power usage service fees and promote the full use of shore power at ports along the Yangtze River Economic Belt.
Improve the tiered electricity price system for residents, guide energy conservation, and optimize electricity consumption behavior.
Improve the price formation mechanism of natural gas pipeline transportation, and steadily promote the market-oriented reform of natural gas gate station prices.
Question: In recent years, people's livelihood products have received widespread attention from all walks of life. What are the new measures during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period?
Answer: Ensuring the production, supply and price stability of important livelihood commodities such as grains, oils, meat, eggs, vegetables, etc., is related to the basic lives of the people and is of great significance. The Party Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to this work.
During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, my country's agricultural production conditions have improved significantly, the country's large market has continued to grow, the supply of important livelihood commodities has been greatly improved, and the price operation has been generally stable.
But we must also be soberly aware that the work of maintaining the supply and stabilizing prices of important livelihood commodities still faces many risks and challenges. The previous African swine fever and new crown pneumonia epidemics have had a certain impact on the production, circulation and prices of some commodities, which has sounded the alarm for us.
In order to better guarantee the effective supply of important livelihood commodities and overall price stability, our committee and relevant departments have studied and put forward opinions on improving the price control mechanism of important livelihood commodities, which have been deliberated and approved at the 18th meeting of the Central Comprehensive Deepening Reform Commission.
During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the work of ensuring the supply and price stabilization of important livelihood commodities is based on the implementation of the above-mentioned relevant opinions, adheres to systematic governance, strives to make up for shortcomings, strengths and weaknesses, and builds a "four beams and eight pillars" for maintaining the supply and stable prices of important livelihood commodities. "Promote the effective connection of production, supply, storage and marketing, and enhance the ability and level of supply and price stability.
To this end, the "Action Plan" proposes the following key measures: First, improve the price monitoring and forecasting and early warning system, enhance the forward-looking nature of the work of ensuring supply and stable prices, and firmly grasp the initiative; second, strengthen the price control of important livelihood commodities, and improve emergency response Regulate the mechanism, improve the regulation and control methods based on reserve regulation and import and export regulation, and enrich and optimize the policy toolbox; third, adhere to the policy framework for the lowest purchase price of rice and wheat, focus on enhancing policy flexibility and flexibility, and rationally adjust the minimum purchase Price level, keep the bottom line of food security, and build a solid foundation for ensuring supply and price stability.
Question: What are the highlights of the Action Plan in promoting water resources conservation and water environmental protection?
Answer: my country is a country with severe water shortage. The per capita water resources are only about one-fourth of the world average.
In order to promote water conservation and emission reduction, since the "13th Five-Year Plan", the state has deeply promoted the comprehensive reform of agricultural water prices and promoted agricultural water conservation. The total area currently implemented has exceeded 430 million mu; the urban water supply price mechanism has been improved, and high water-consuming industries and water use have been improved. Large households save water; improve the sewage treatment fee policy, and more than 90% of the municipal sewage treatment fee standards have basically covered the cost and made reasonable profits.
However, it must be noted that with the development of my country's economy and society, the bottleneck of water resources will become increasingly prominent. At the same time, the problem of low water efficiency in my country is still prominent, and the pressure of water pollution prevention and control is greater.
Giving full play to the role of price leverage to promote water conservation and emission reduction is not only a practical need, but also an essential for long-term development.
The "Action Plan" puts forward the overall arrangement for water resources price reform during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period. The most prominent feature is the emphasis on systematic advancement. Considering the entire chain of raw water, production water, domestic water, and sewage treatment, the overall promotion of water conservancy projects, water prices, and agriculture A package of reforms on water prices, urban water supply prices, and sewage treatment fees will help protect water resources, prevent water pollution, and restore water ecology.
The main reform tasks include: First, establish and improve the water price formation mechanism of water conservancy projects, scientifically determine the pricing cost, reasonably determine the profitability level, and dynamically adjust the water supply price of water conservancy projects.
The second is to deepen the comprehensive reform of agricultural water prices, promote the sound and implementation of various water-saving incentive mechanisms, and basically achieve the reform goals by 2025.
The third is to establish and improve the urban water supply price formation and dynamic adjustment mechanism, improve the residents' tiered water price system, and orderly promote the urban non-residential water over-quota progressive increase system, and take the lead in implementing the qualified high water-consuming industries; the fourth is to further improve sewage treatment charges Mechanism, combined with the improvement of sewage treatment discharge standards, raise the charging standard and establish a dynamic adjustment mechanism; establish a sewage treatment service fee reward and punishment mechanism linked to the quality of treated water and the amount of pollutant reduction; encourage rural areas that have built centralized sewage treatment facilities to explore Establish a payment system for farmers.
Question: Public services are related to the vital interests of the people. What key measures will be introduced in the next step in terms of public service prices?
Answer: Public services such as education, elderly care, scenic spots, and urban infrastructure are closely related to people's lives.
In recent years, the state has accelerated the improvement of the public service price mechanism, guided localities to establish and improve the ticket price formation mechanism for scenic spots, and promoted the reduction of ticket prices for more than 1,000 key state-owned scenic spots across the country; focusing on the more concentrated public plumbing and heating related charges, formulated and issued " The Opinions on Cleaning up and Regulating the Charges for Urban Water Supply, Power Supply, Gas and Heating Industry to Promote the High-quality Development of the Industry", to promote clearing fees and improve service quality.
With the improvement of the people's living standards, higher requirements are placed on the supply of public services.
During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, the state will guide all localities to accelerate the reform of public service prices, promote shortcomings, strengths and weaknesses, continue to improve the quality and efficiency of public service supply, and enhance the people's sense of gain and happiness: First, improve preschool education fees Policies to regulate private education fees.
The second is to adapt to new models in the elderly care sector such as the combination of medical and elderly care, community elderly care, and home care, establish and improve the pricing mechanism for elderly care services, and support the development of inclusive elderly care services.
The third is to further improve the funeral service charging policy and standardize the charging behavior.
The fourth is to improve the ticket price formation mechanism of scenic spots, and strengthen the supervision of monopoly service prices in scenic spots.
Fifth, earnestly implement the requirements for cleaning up and standardizing urban water supply, power supply, gas and heating industry charges, remove unreasonable charges, speed up the improvement of the price formation mechanism, and strictly regulate price charges.
Sixth, local governments at or above the county level should be encouraged to establish a domestic waste disposal fee system and reasonably formulate and adjust fee standards.
Implement non-resident food waste metering and charging.
Where conditions permit, explore the establishment of a payment system for household garbage disposal.
General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized that "reform is important to implementation."
In the next step, our committee will work with relevant departments to thoroughly implement the spirit of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, follow the deployment of the "Outline" of the "14th Five-Year Plan", and guide all localities to implement the "Action Plan" to ensure that the key tasks are effective. .