Scientific planning and layout to increase vitality according to local conditions
Characteristic industries, "grow" in the countryside (Listen to the new momentum of rural revitalization)
Our reporter Qiao Dong Xiao Jiaxin Li Maoying
"People's Daily" (Edition 07 on April 13, 2021)
Core reading
In Datong, Shanxi, a small yellow flower became the “Forget Worry Grass” on the road to get rich; in Zoucheng, Shandong, 65 modern mushroom greenhouses were built in a small mountain village with less than 800 people; Huize, Yunnan, an imported summer strawberry “knot” "Big industries..." The leading industries with distinctive characteristics "grow" in the countryside to help farmers increase their income, promote the development of the rural economy, and inject endogenous impetus into the revitalization of the countryside.
Industrial development is the most direct and effective way to get rid of poverty and become rich. It is also a long-term solution for enhancing the hematopoietic function of poor areas and helping poor people find jobs on the spot.
Various localities focus on development in accordance with local conditions, scientifically plan for layout, and comprehensively consider multiple factors such as soil quality, climate, labor, and transportation. In the vast rural areas, many characteristic industries have been cultivated, developed and grown, and become an important driving force for rural revitalization.
Government assistance, standardized planting of "Forget Worry Grass"
Just after "February 2", Shi Wei, Party Branch Secretary of Tangjiabao Village, Yunzhou District, Datong City, Shanxi Province, held a village meeting: "The Tangjiabao Village Economic Development Company was just established last year. The standardization of the yellow flower planting industry is a major event this year. In the first year of the year, we are preparing for training. We must strictly follow the standards in seed selection, weeding, fertilization, insect control, de-greening, and drying."
Yellow flower, also called "Forget Worry Grass", "Modao farmer has no precious jade, yellow flowers everywhere are golden needles".
In recent years, the "Datong Yellow Flower" brand has become more and more popular, and it has successively obtained 8 national certifications including the National Origin Protection Mark, the Yellow Flower Planting and Processing Standardization Demonstration Zone.
This was not the case 10 years ago.
"The yellow flower planting area in Yunzhou District now has 170,000 mu, but it was less than 20,000 mu 10 years ago." said An Yiping, director of the Yellow Flower Office of Datong City.
When planting yellow flowers, the local people summed it up as “three difficulties and three fears”: “difficult to water, difficult to pick, and difficult to dry”. They are afraid of confiscating the harvest in the first three years, afraid of not drying out in the rain, and fear of price fluctuations.
Therefore, when establishing one county and one industry and promoting poverty alleviation, the local government put these issues first, and introduced more than 40 incentives and safeguards: coordinate the laying of water pipes in the concentrated yellow land; subsidies of 500 per mu for the first three years To 1,000 yuan; coordinate the insurance company to set up two professional insurance types: "natural disasters of yellow flower planting" and "target sales price"; through cross-regional purchase of labor services, labor in the concentrated picking season is guaranteed; promotion of boiler finishing, simple scaffolding, drying, and drying Machine drying and other means, the weather report is updated and pushed hourly during the drying period...
In order to encourage planting, 83 branch secretaries and 650 party members in the district took the lead in expanding the yellow flowers, and 81 village cadres and capable people founded the yellow flower cooperatives. Not only did they grow yellow flowers themselves, they also helped poor households benefit from the yellow flower industry through land transfer. The enthusiasm of the masses to plant yellow flowers was rekindled.
The local area has also promoted the construction of 50,000 mu of standardized yellow flower planting demonstration bases, and standardized transformations in all links from planting to management and protection to processing.
Science and technology promote agriculture, small mushrooms increase added value
Diaoyutai Village, Dashu Town, Zoucheng City, Shandong Province, the original industrial hollow village is undergoing tremendous changes.
In the view of Zhu Yujian, secretary of the Party branch of Diaoyutai Village, it is the power of technology and industry that has injected vitality into this place.
The soil in the mushroom greenhouse is basically gravel.
"This sandy land has no fertility and poor water storage. The yield of crops grown in the past was very low," said Zhu Yujian.
How to use the special funds for rural revitalization?
After many inspections, the town party committee and government invited enterprises and scientific research personnel to get the pulse, and finally decided to invest in the construction of the mushroom greenhouse planting project here.
The village cooperated with a leading edible fungus enterprise in the resident, and explored the operation model of "party branch leading cooperative + enterprise + farmer".
In November 2019, the village cooperative handed over the 20 greenhouses constructed in the first phase to 7 farmers for contract management. The company dispatched technicians to provide technical guidance and repurchased all mushroom products.
In the first quarter alone, the net income of the two greenhouses contracted by villager Zhu Hongwei reached nearly 40,000 yuan.
"It is very profitable to grow shiitake mushrooms. I still master the harvesting and pest control technology, and I am very confident in the future." Zhu Hongwei said.
Dashu Town, where Diaoyutai Village is located, is a well-known mushroom industrial town. It has a solid industrial foundation and radiation has promoted the development of many surrounding villages.
In the past two years, the mushroom super factory was completed. Here, most of the production links have been intelligent and mechanized, and workers can complete the "planting" only by manipulating the computer.
"At present, the factory can bottle 550,000 bottles a day, with an annual output value of 400 million yuan. Every day, 280 tons of enoki mushrooms are'planted' from the industrial production line. Up to now, more than 900 new professional farmers have been cultivated and transformed on the spot." Introduction by the person in charge.
Nowadays, many similar agricultural enterprises have formed cluster development, realizing the integration of planting, breeding, production, and marketing, and the industrial chain is highly integrated. The surrounding villages are also actively developing related industries under the guidance of the township.
"This not only expands the scale of planting, but also reduces operating costs." said Li Ping, the mayor of Dashu Town.
It is understood that at present, Zoucheng has cultivated more than 20 kinds of high-quality mushrooms, with an annual output of 350,000 tons of fresh mushrooms.
As of the end of 2020, the cumulative annual planting area of edible fungi in Zoucheng has reached 22.3 million square meters, with an output value of more than 3.3 billion yuan.
The edible fungi companies have spurred the nearby villagers to find stable employment. The farmers have embarked on the road of increasing income and becoming rich through raw material procurement, edible fungus production and marketing, land transfer, share dividends, and admission to work.
Adapting measures to local conditions, Xia Strawberry extends the industrial chain
Walking into the strawberry greenhouse in Dubu Town, Huize County, Yunnan, the strawberry seedlings are full of vitality, and the first batch of fresh fruits will be on the market in early May this year.
In 2012, when Duan Zidong planted the first batch of 40 mu of summer strawberries in Dubu Town, he did not expect that in 9 years, the county's planting area would reach 80,000 mu.
Strawberry cultivation is divided into winter and summer.
Located in Huize, Wumeng Mountain, with a high altitude and a cold climate, it is suitable for strawberry planting in summer.
Our country mainly grows winter strawberries, and Huize's summer strawberries just fill in the blank period of production.
"The winter strawberry production period is relatively short, while the summer strawberry has a picking period of more than half a year." Duan Zidong said, "especially the abundant light, heat and water resources in Huize, which brings unique advantages to the development of summer strawberries."
Now, Duan Zidong has driven nearly 300 farmers to plant tens of thousands of mu of summer strawberries. The annual operating income has exceeded 100 million yuan, and the supply of summer strawberries grown is in short supply.
Long picking period, high yield, good benefits... Duan Zidong said that the average output of one mu of summer strawberries can reach about 1.8 tons, and the output value of one mu is close to 40,000 yuan, which can drive the employment of farmers and increase the income of ordinary workers. The income of ordinary workers can reach 20,000 yuan. the above.
Before the development of the summer strawberry industry, the town of Tobubu was still in a deeply impoverished mountainous area. Eighty to ninety percent of the villagers went out to work, and only the elderly and children were left in the village.
"Summer strawberry planting allows locals to work at their doorsteps, and many villagers have returned to their hometowns." Duan Zidong said.
In recent years, Huize County, which has tasted the sweetness of industrial development, has continuously increased its farmland infrastructure construction. Only the town to be supplemented has carried out more than 100 comprehensive land management and transportation, water conservancy, power and other infrastructure construction projects, and the transformation of low- and medium-yield fields More than 10,000 mu, increasing land production capacity, effectively improving agricultural production conditions.
Xia Strawberry Industry wants to go better and further, it must extend the industrial chain.
“In addition to fresh fruit sales, we are also developing summer strawberry jelly fruit sales and deep processing. The income from strawberry fruit and baking supply now accounts for about 40% of our sales.” Duan Zidong said, “We have also built our own deep processing factory to continuously enrich our products. In the future, Huize’s strawberry industry will definitely achieve better development."