18 new professions such as bartenders, second-hand car brokers, carbon emission managers, etc. "turn positive"

Will you choose these new careers?

  With the development of information technology and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, new business models and employment patterns continue to emerge, and a wide variety of new occupations have emerged.

Recently, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and other three departments have released 18 new occupations, including integrated circuit engineers, barter, used car brokers, car rescuers, drinkers, electronic data forensics analysts, carbon emission managers, Intelligent hardware assembly personnel, industrial vision system operation and maintenance personnel, etc.

With the addition of the previous digital operators, calorie planners, and elderly ability assessors, new professions are emerging in an endless stream. Although some cannot be accurately named, they are already closely connected with our lives.

  While these new occupations promote employment and entrepreneurship and promote industrial development, they also face difficulties such as insufficient stability and lack of career planning.

Experts say that changes in the occupational structure reflect changes in social development.

Relevant departments, enterprises, job seekers and other social entities must work together to protect the rights and interests of practitioners in new occupations, so that new occupations can better serve people's needs for a better life.

  "Proud to say that I am a bartender"

  Prepare measuring cups, milk froth pots and other materials, brewing, frothing, and garnishing, and adjust the sugar distribution ratio and the proportion of juice and tea ingredients according to the needs of customers... This is the daily life of the milk tea shop Kobayashi.

"It's fun to make tea, and I feel that I am very fulfilled every day." Xiaolin said.

  Nowadays, people like Xiaolin who are engaged in milk tea and other beverage preparation work have an official name-the bartender.

  Since April 2019, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, together with the State Administration of Market Supervision and Administration, the National Bureau of Statistics and other departments have officially released 4 batches of 56 new occupations to the society, including drone pilots, health caregivers, and cities. Manage grid staff, used car brokers, etc.

Couriers and takeaway guys are categorized as "online-hailing delivery guys," and online-hailing drivers are called "online-hailing taxi drivers" different from the traditional "patrol taxi drivers". Li Jiaqi, Wei Ya, etc. bring goods The anchor became a professional "live salesman."

  Li Qiang, executive vice president of Zhaopin Recruitment, said that the new career is recognized by the "official announcement", which will help enhance the sense of honor and social identity of practitioners, and encourage practitioners to better exert their individual value.

  "I used to be called'Brother Milk Tea Shop' by others. Now that I have a name, when people ask me what I do, I will be proud to say that I am a bartender." Kobayashi said.

  Li Ting, who studied English as an undergraduate, joined VIPKID to become an online tutor after graduation. Through the online learning platform, she provides students with personalized, accurate, timely and effective learning planning and learning guidance.

Last year, this profession also ushered in the official "recognition"-online learning service teacher.

"With the official certification, I feel that the social recognition and acceptance is higher, and students and parents trust us more." Li Ting said.

  The career path of new professional practitioners is often driven by hobbies and income.

According to the "Report on New Types of Life Service Industry and New Occupation Practitioners in 2020" released by the Meituan Research Institute and Zhilian Recruitment, 53.9% of new career practitioners choose new occupations because of their income, and 50.4% choose new occupations because of their love.

It is the common cognition of many new professional practitioners to give full play to the large space, rapid growth of professional ability, high income level, and the ability to meet like-minded partners.

  "I really enjoy the process of solving problems for students, and I will be very happy to see them get results." Li Ting told reporters that she likes the job very much. "The income is also considerable, and now the basic monthly salary can be over 10,000, and Compared with college students who teach in public schools, this income is still relatively high."

  In addition, a large number of new occupations that have not entered the national occupational standard catalogue have broken ground or gradually matured.

The above report released by the Meituan Research Institute shows that in recent years, the Meituan platform alone has bred more than 70 new professions due to new formats, such as secret room designer, Hanfu photographer, calorie planner, pet baker...

  According to Zhou Yexin, associate professor of the Institute of Economics and Resource Management at Beijing Normal University, the creation of new occupations can provide new growth points for employment opportunities, while adapting to changes in the industrial structure, so that human resources will not be idle, thereby creating more for the society. The value of products and services.

  Talent training focuses on irreplaceability

  The release of new professions is accelerating. So, what kind of new professions can be “certified” by the country?

  "The new profession is selected and determined in accordance with procedures based on public solicitation from the society, evaluation and demonstration by professional classification experts, and public opinion solicitation." The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security said.

  The reporter learned that the "birth" of every new profession requires consideration of multiple dimensions, among which the most important dimensions are technology/uniqueness, sociality, stability, and groupness.

Among them, technicality/uniqueness represents whether the profession is new enough and whether it reflects the emergence of new industries and new formats; sociality reflects whether the profession can drive more labor employment and have more market prospects; stability judges whether workers are in The employment environment and development space in the new profession; the group nature of the profession considers the scale of the current practitioners of the profession and whether the future development is vigorous.

  Zhou Yexin believes that the emergence of new occupations is closely related to the emergence of new situations and situations such as technological progress, aging, marketization, and deepening of social governance.

"The most important and direct factor is the technological advancement led by computers and the Internet, which mostly directly promotes or indirectly accelerates the emergence of new occupations."

  "The emergence of new occupations reflects the process of economic and social development." Chen Yu, former vice president of China Employment Promotion Association, pointed out in an interview with our reporter that new occupations are not designed by the government, but are social and economic activities that meet social needs. Naturally produced and created.

  The emergence of new occupations is often accompanied by the reduction or even disappearance of employees in old occupations.

Wang Hua, who works in Tianjin, has a deep understanding of this.

Wang Hua has worked in a supermarket for 4 years. In the past, she has been in charge of cashier work. Since last year, the supermarket has set up many self-service cashier counters, and the manual cashier counters have been removed by half.

In contrast, the online business of supermarkets increased, so she changed from a cashier to a picker, who was responsible for picking goods for online orders.

  Zhou Yexin said that in addition to the reduced occupations such as cashiers and ticket sellers, with the development of informatization and artificial intelligence, there are many other traditional, mechanical, and repetitive tasks that will gradually be replaced by machines and even software, "such as low-end accountants, tellers, etc. Even with the maturity of autonomous driving technology in the future, taxi drivers may be eliminated.”

  "The growth of a profession is a natural historical process. Only professions that have been proven by market practices, suitable for and conform to the development trend of the times, can have a bright future and a long journey." Chen Yu said.

  Zhou Yexin believes that talent training should change with time and follow the trend.

"Works that rely more on human creativity, innovation, and interpersonal communication will be less likely to be replaced by machines in the future. Talent training needs to pay attention to this."

Working together to respond to the ever-changing market

  Due to the short period of time, there are still some shortcomings, pain points and blocking points in the growth process of the new profession.

The reporter learned that many practitioners have some worries about new occupations, such as low social insurance participation rate, insufficient career development stability, imperfect rights protection mechanism, lack of long-term career planning, and lack of education and training.

  Zhou Jing, who has been engaged in the storage and sorting industry for 3 years, also has a formal name-"Restoring and Storage Division". When it comes to the development prospects of the industry, she said that she is "confident but also worried."

"The market is still not saturated, and people’s needs will increase in the future, but for now, the public’s acceptance is still not high enough. Many people are still unwilling to spend money to invite people to clean up their homes, so sometimes they will I feel that this job is not stable."

  At the same time, she believes that as far as the level of the organizer is concerned, there is currently no authoritative measurement standard, and there is no unified learning curriculum and special assessment certificate.

"It seems that anyone can become a receptionist. Some people just watched a video and folded clothes, listened to a storage sharing class, or obtained a certificate of a vocational training course through fast-food learning, and called themselves a receptionist." Zhou Jing said.

  To this end, relevant departments and all walks of life are also actively promoting the standardization of new occupations and the protection of rights and interests.

The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Affairs stated that after the release of the new profession, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Affairs will speed up the development of new professions with relevant departments and units, guide talent training and training, improve the quality and ability of employees, and create a sufficient number of high-quality The team of practitioners.

  The "Opinions on Supporting the Healthy Development of New Business Forms and New Models, Activating the Consumer Market and Encouraging Employment Expansion" issued by the National Development and Reform Commission and other departments last year pointed out that policies such as rights protection and social security will be explored to adapt to cross-platform and flexible employment among multiple employers. Improve policies and systems such as the protection of labor rights and interests, premium payment, and remuneration of flexible employees, and explore and improve new multi-point practice models in the medical and education industries that are compatible with personal career development.

  "To give full play to new occupations to expand employment, we should be guided by market development, respect the choices of workers and enterprises, promote the orderly and efficient entry of various new occupations into the occupation classification ceremony, and do a good job in the long-term construction of the released new vocational skills system, skills training, etc. Sexual and basic work.” Suggested Zhang Chenggang, director of the China New Employment Form Research Center, Capital University of Economics and Business.

  For companies, the creation of new jobs is also an opportunity.

Zhou Yexin believes: "The emergence of new professions also brings new business opportunities, such as new training institutions. In addition, it is necessary to gradually establish new industry associations, or the old related industry associations need to be reformed and innovated."

  Job seekers themselves should understand and follow the trend of the times, and strive to forge ahead.

Zhou Yexin suggested that job seekers, especially fresh graduates, should pay attention to the changes of the times. They should not only seize new career opportunities, but also constantly learn to improve themselves, and switch to other new careers when appropriate. Occupation may also be eliminated."

  "You must be down-to-earth, go deep into your life, devote yourself to workplace activities, and observe your own abilities, find a development direction that closely integrates the two, and respond to the ever-changing market." Chen Yu said.

  Qiao Cai