Green spring plowing vibrates the vast fields (field tracking high-quality spring plowing exploration)
Editor's note: Qingming Valley rain is closely linked, so soaking and spring ploughing should not be delayed.
To ensure a bumper harvest throughout the year, we must fight the first battle of spring ploughing.
Right now, spring agricultural production is in full swing from south to north.
What are the new features of spring plowing production this year?
What is the new model of production and operation?
What are the new pursuits of farmers in farming?
What new technologies are used in the field?
Our reporter went to many major producing areas to observe the new situation of spring plowing production this year.
"Spring is ploughed and rained, and autumn harvests tens of thousands of grains." In late March, Zhangying Village, Fanjian Town, Tianchang City, Anhui Province, cleared after the rain. After drinking the continuous spring rains, rape blossoms were in full bloom, and the green wheat gathered enough energy to join the festival. Grow.
Ping Donglin, chairman of the Hehe Ecological Agriculture Professional Cooperative, is busy in the spring management: "We don't wait for people in farming hours, and green wheat production must be pushed forward!"
This year is the beginning of the "14th Five-Year Plan" period. All localities and departments are accelerating the green transformation of development methods, sending technologies, excellent equipment, and promoting deep water-saving and water-controlling agriculture. Within this year, 50 million mu of cultivated land soil pollution control and 40 million mu of crop rotation and fallow will be implemented. , To identify 10,000 green, organic, and geographically-indicated agricultural products, and promote the full coverage of the edible agricultural products compliance certificate system.
The fields in the spring plowing season are full of greenery everywhere.
Do a good job of field addition and subtraction, and more high-quality products
Green spring plowing, high quality and high efficiency are the main keynotes.
"The wheat jointing fertilizer was applied a while ago, and now it is the critical period for the formation of ears and grains. Rape is also forming pods and growing grains. By the end of May, rice will be planted." Ping Donglin is a post-90s generation who has been born for several years. He returned to his hometown from the city to set up a cooperative and became a new type of professional farmer.
Since 2018, the cooperative has transferred more than 1,200 acres of land in Zhangying Village to carry out rice-wheat (oil) crop rotation.
"If you want to plant a good land, you have to take a steady and green development path." Pingdonglin deeply felt that the wheat currently planted in the field belongs to the "Zhenmai" series. This variety belongs to medium wheat, with large ears and good disease resistance. .
Rape stalks are rich in organic matter and are piled in rice fields for fermentation after harvest every year, which can save 10 catties of base fertilizer.
In the past few days, rice is still in the stage of preparing soil and raising seedlings, and the 150 mu rice and shrimp field has become lively.
"The crayfish put on the market in winter began to go on the market a month ago. The daily output is more than 100 catties. The price is good this year. It can sell for 20-25 yuan per catty!" said Ping Donglin. The soil in the paddy field where the crayfish was raised is in the water. After soaking for a winter, the soil is soft and there is no need to plow the field after the pond is cleared, and rice seedlings can be transplanted directly by machine.
For green spring plowing, managing inputs is the key.
In the production of rice and shrimp, fertilizers and medicines must be strictly controlled.
“The cooperative uses high-efficiency organic fertilizers and biological pesticides. Although the cost is much higher, the benefits are increased, and it can be harvested in one field.” Ping Donglin said that the rice is processed and sold again, which is 2 yuan more expensive than ordinary rice.
Last year, the net profit of one mu of rice and shrimp fields reached 2,650 yuan, and everyone tasted the sweetness.
Do a good job of field addition and subtraction, and there will be more high-quality products in the field.
Last year, there were 22,000 newly certified green, organic, and geographically-indicated agricultural products in my country, and the pass rate of agricultural products in routine monitoring reached 97.8%.
Green spring farming and circular agriculture are the bright spots.
"Changing the method of farming, the fields can turn waste into treasure." This year's spring ploughing, Pingdonglin has another happy thing: the new straw carbonization pellet plant invested by the cooperative will be officially put into operation.
"One crop after crop, the large amount of straw produced is difficult to completely digest. This has a good place." Ping Donglin said that the straw is formed into carbon powder through a series of processes such as high temperature and stuffy pots. Some of it can be made into carbon-based fertilizer and rice. Seedling substrate; the other part is extruded into pellets to make biomass fuel.
It is estimated that the straw processing project can bring a fixed dividend of 36,000 yuan to the collective of Zhangying Village every year.
This year’s Central Document No. 1 emphasizes the promotion of green agricultural development.
All localities continue to promote the reduction of fertilizers and pesticides to increase efficiency, promote green products and technologies for the prevention and control of crop diseases and insect pests, strengthen the resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure, comprehensively implement the comprehensive utilization of straw and the recovery of agricultural film and pesticide packaging, and the continuous advancement of circular agriculture.
"Internet + agricultural technology" enters the fields to help farmers save costs and increase efficiency
In the fields, the Internet has given wings to green spring plowing.
"Lao Zhao, I am going to interplant soybeans in the tea garden. See if you do it this way, right?" In the early morning of March 14, Pu Shouguo, a poverty-stricken householder from Jinguang Village, Daliang Town, Wangcang County, Sichuan, came to the yellow tea garden and took a photo. The picture was sent to the WeChat group of "Spring Farming Home".
Within a few minutes, I received a reply: "Yes, that's it. But also be aware that these days are prone to spring droughts. You must water the newly planted tea trees with sufficient root water."
Pu Shouguo's "Old Zhao" is called Zhao Dachun. He is one of 97 agricultural technicians trained by the Wangcang County Agriculture and Rural Bureau to help villagers answer technical questions in spring ploughing.
"The fellows point their fingers and send the questions to the group, and I can help them answer their questions anytime, anywhere." Zhao Dachun said.
"The effect of interplanting tea plants with soybeans is not small." Zhao Dachun said that when the seedlings grow up, the branches will become luxuriant, which weakens the growth of weeds and can replace weeds and fight drugs to a large extent. At the same time, it can fix nitrogen and improve soil fertility.
According to estimates, interplanting 4 kilograms of soybeans in one acre of tea garden can reduce the consumption of urea by 10 kilograms, and the tea plants will grow stronger and the tea has better appearance. It can collect more than 10 kilograms of tea more than conventional planting methods, which is equivalent to an increase of 25%. about.
Online and offline agricultural technology guidance has helped more and more farmers master production skills.
"Watching farming, learning technology in the WeChat group, as well as expert point-to-point guidance, it is more secure to increase production and income!" Jinguang Village tea farmer Zhao Wanyong has a 5 acres of tea garden at home. This year, he plans to build a new village in the first two years with a few fellow villagers. The yellow tea gardens in China flowed over, and the effect was immediate by using this interplanting model.
At present, 98 poverty-stricken households, 10 large planting households, and 16 technology demonstration households in Daliang Town have joined the "Spring Farming Home" WeChat group.
In the whole county, through the WeChat platform, a total of more than 300 spring plowing and spring tube "micro classrooms" have been opened, and 2,526 spring plowing production technical problems have been solved for more than 10,000 farmers.
The new technology in the field makes the field more "green".
"Agricultural technology extension is to show to farmers and lead them to work. During the period of spring ploughing, we will vigorously promote green ecological technology and set the main green tone for agricultural production throughout the year." Wei Qiwen, director of the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center Say.
Since March this year, the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center has issued guidelines for scientific fertilization of major crops in spring and technical plans for the prevention and control of major diseases and insect pests, focusing on the promotion of fertilizer reduction and efficiency technologies such as soil testing and formula fertilization and organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizers. Promote the reduction of pesticides and fertilizers.
At present, my country has achieved negative growth in the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in crops for four consecutive years, and the comprehensive utilization rate of livestock and poultry manure has exceeded 75%.
Nearly 550,000 agricultural technology extension personnel worked with farmers to give new green to spring plowing production.
Intelligent agricultural machinery improves the quality and expands the area, making it easier for farmers to plant land
Watering one water in spring can yield thousands of catties per mu.
Into the 500,000 acres of green, high-quality and high-efficiency grain production demonstration zone in Pingdu City, Shandong, with smooth mechanical farming roads, standardized water channels and forest nets crisscrossed.
Hou Songshan, a large grain grower in Xizhai Village, Tianzhuang Town, is pouring the wheat back into green water, and the wheat seedlings stand upright in the wind, and the greenery is dripping.
"In the past, when growing grain, the most troublesome thing was watering the land." Hou Songshan said, the wheat had to be watered three or four times from sowing to harvest. One person can only water four or five acres of land a day, and 3,000 acres of land cost more than 60,000 yuan for labor costs. .
In 2018, the local government promoted the integration of water and fertilizer projects, and 1,000 acres of land transferred by Hou Songshan were included in the scope of the project.
The government subsidized 500 yuan per mu, and raised about 200 yuan by itself, and built standardized water pipelines, water hydrants, and pumped wells and other farmland irrigation facilities.
"A motorized well can manage two or three hundred acres of land, and the gate can be irrigated as soon as the gate is closed, without delay at night." Hou Songshan said, the reel-type sprinkler irrigation machine evenly irrigates the ground, and the integrated water and fertilizer system can achieve precise drip irrigation. The combination of the two Using it, each mu of land can save 20% of the water compared to flood irrigation. Counting labor, the cost per mu can be saved by more than 100 yuan and the output can be increased by nearly 200 jin.
Looking at the whole country, all localities have improved and upgraded farmland production infrastructure, changed production methods, continuously improved the utilization rate of land, fertilizer and water, and effectively promoted intensive production and operation.
Modern equipment facilitates green spring ploughing.
In Xitun Village, Shandan County, Gansu Province, the “one household, one field” high-standard farmland transformation has been implemented, and fragmented fields have become whole fields.
"This year I contracted 900 mu of land, saving labor and fuel." Liu Dengcheng, head of the Dengcheng Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Cooperative, said with emotion.
In the high-standard farmland demonstration zone in Shangshui County, Henan, the farmland is equipped with field weather stations, soil moisture monitoring stations and Internet of Things monitoring equipment. Farmers can complete intelligent management such as irrigation and fertilization by tapping on their mobile phones.
Last year, my country built 83.91 million mu of high-standard farmland and 23.95 million mu of efficient water-saving irrigation.
According to the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100 million mu of high-standard farmland and 15 million mu of high-efficiency water-saving irrigation will be completed this year, ensuring that 1 billion mu of high-standard farmland will be built by 2022.
Along with the machine-fitting transformation, more green and intelligent machines are entering Datian.
In Zhongtang Village, Conghua District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, the rice transplanting synchronous precision fertilizer applicator roared past, and the neatly planted seedlings and fertilizer were left in the field at the same time.
The on-site technician said, “This rice transplanter is equipped with a quantitative fertilization device. When transplanting the seedlings, the fertilizer particles in the cabinet are accurately pushed to the roots of the seedlings through the catheter, and the two processes of transplanting and fertilizing are completed at one time.”
At present, my country's agricultural production has entered a new stage dominated by mechanization, and the comprehensive mechanization rate of the cultivation and harvesting of major food crops has exceeded 80%.
Wang Jiayun, deputy director of the Department of Agricultural Mechanization Management of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that this year, we will continue to implement the Northeast Black Soil Conservation Cultivation Action Plan, promote the application of straw mulching and no-tillage sowing mechanization technology to improve the quality and expand the area, further improve the fertility of the land, and continue to promote food Stable and high yield.
Our reporter Yu Jingxian and Li Xiaoqing