There are more than 200 million skilled workers in my country, of which more than 50 million are highly skilled personnel
Strong demand for skilled talents (people's livelihood sight)
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As soon as the Spring Festival is over, from Sichuan to Guangdong, from Yunnan to Fujian...the trains for migrant workers, the special planes for returning to work, and the customized cars are bustling again.
Pick up old employees and welcome new employees.
For many companies, recruitment is the top priority after the start of construction. In the recruitment process, highly skilled talents are most in short supply.
According to data from the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the application rate of technically skilled talents exceeds 2, which means that a technically skilled talent corresponds to at least 2 positions.
The so-called "skills shortage", how big is the shortage of skilled talents?
What kind of skilled talents are missing?
How to fill the gap?
The reporter conducted an interview.
Skilled talents are in demand
Skilled workers account for only 26% of the total employed population
Millions of annual salary!
As soon as the first National Skills Competition closed, many companies immediately threw an olive branch to Liu Siyu, the champion of the Internet of Things technology. In the end, Newland Technology Group Co., Ltd. successfully signed Liu Siyu with a million annual salary.
"Our school's 2021 graduates have already determined their employment destinations, and they can be converted as soon as they graduate." Wen Zhigang, director of the Admissions and Employment Office of Guangzhou Technician College, said that the employment ratio of school graduates is as high as 6:1.
At Guangzhou Light Industry Technician College, Yang Haiying, director of the Admissions and Employment Office, proudly stated: “Some companies will book graduates at the school two years in advance, and more than 60% of the students will be booked one year in advance by the company, and some classes even enroll students as soon as they enroll. It was sold out."
…………
This shows how popular skilled talents are.
"Behind the phenomenon of'skilled workers shortage' is the increasingly prominent structural contradictions in the labor market. Although the total employment pressure remains unabated, the manufacturing and service industries are facing difficulties in recruiting general workers and a shortage of skilled workers." Said Liu Kang, the first-level inspector of the Department of Vocational Ability Building.
A few days ago, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security announced the ranking of the 100 “most lacking jobs” in the country in the fourth quarter of 2020, and smelting engineering and technical personnel, foundry workers, metal heat treatment workers and other positions have squeezed into the list.
Among them, the shortage of posts such as steel bar workers, machine repair fitters, and textile dyeing workers continues to increase.
How big is the gap?
Looking at the total amount, data from the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security shows that as of now, there are more than 200 million skilled workers in my country, of which more than 50 million are highly skilled personnel.
"But my country's skilled workers account for only 26% of the total employed population. From the perspective of the overall employment and economic development needs, the total number of skilled personnel in my country is still insufficient." Liu Kang said.
Looking at the structure, during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, my country's newly-added highly skilled talents exceeded 10 million, but highly skilled talents accounted for only 28% of the total number of skilled talents. Compared with developed countries, this data still has a large gap.
Especially with the improvement of my country's development quality and efficiency, continuous adjustment of economic structure, and industrial transformation and upgrading, the demand for high-skilled talents will become increasingly strong.
Mr. Zhao, the person in charge of human resources at Dongguan Xinguofeng Machinery Co., Ltd. feels deeply about this point: “Although the company has undergone technological transformation, the degree of automation has reached a new level, reducing the demand for some general workers, but it has The demand for personnel has grown substantially."
Chen Lixiang, vice president of the Chinese Vocational and Technical Education Association, analyzed that in the future, operational positions in the manufacturing industry will gradually be replaced by industrial robots, and skills such as technical guidance, process management, and production line operation and maintenance at the production site will become indispensable.
In the era of digital economy, as the intelligence of enterprise production and operation has been greatly improved, the differences between technicians and workers, engineers and technicians are gradually narrowing, and the long-term will even tend to merge, and the importance of highly skilled talents will become increasingly apparent.
The analysis of the market supply and demand status of urban public employment service institutions released by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security shows that 41.4% of market employment needs have clear requirements for technical levels or titles.
Reflected in salary, the salary of related positions has been greatly increased in recent years.
According to Mr. Zhao from Xin Guofeng Machinery Co., Ltd., the company paid a monthly salary of RMB 7,500 to RMB 9,000 for fitter. If it is an electronic control engineer, the monthly salary is as high as RMB 14,000 to RMB 18,000.
Even for apprentices, the monthly salary is between RMB 4,100 and RMB 5,100.
Strengthen the talent team
Pay more attention to training, cultivate more, and increase the supply of skilled talents
There is a strong demand for skilled personnel, and it is both an urgent task and a long-term plan to accelerate the improvement of the skill quality of workers and expand the team of skilled workers.
“Skilled workers are an important force supporting Chinese manufacturing and Chinese creation. Improving vocational skills is an important foundation for promoting Chinese manufacturing and service to mid-to-high-end.” said Zeng Guang’an, chairman of Guangxi Liugong Group Machinery Co., Ltd., strengthening the skilled labor force. Grasp the stock and increment together.
Grasp the source and the amount of amplification.
At present, there are nearly 2,400 technical schools in my country, with about 3.6 million students, and an average of about 1 million graduates are sent to the society every year.
Liu Kang introduced that the employment rate of graduates from technical colleges has remained above 97% for a long time, and they are popular among employers such as enterprises and are the main source of high-skilled talents.
Liu Kang said that although technical colleges will enroll 1.6 million students in 2020, the highest level in the past 9 years, and the strength of technical colleges has steadily improved, the number of training is far from enough.
"The next step is to vigorously develop technical education, increase support from all parties to technical colleges, and strive to achieve new developments in technical education and vocational skills training."
Grasp training and improve skills.
There are more than 200 million migrant workers in our country. Improving their skills and quality and turning them into skilled talents is also an effective measure to expand the team of skilled talents.
According to reports, during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, my country will focus on enterprise employees and carry out large-scale vocational skills training, launching 100-day free online skills training action, vocational skills training program for stable employment of migrant workers, and vocational skills training for millions of young people. , Health Care Vocational Skills Training Program, etc., has carried out a total of nearly 100 million government-subsidized trainings.
"Next, the intensity of vocational training must be increased." Liu Kang said, during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, high-quality, large-scale, and multi-level vocational skills training should be carried out.
Explore the establishment of a diversified investment mechanism of government financial funds, enterprise employee education funds, social donation and sponsorship, and individual payment by laborers to improve training supply capabilities.
According to Xu Ling, the vice president of Guangdong Technical Normal University, to make vocational skills training truly effective, we must also pay attention to improving the quality of training.
"Training must adhere to the enterprise as the main body." Xu Ling said that the enterprise knows the skill requirements of workers best, and the training effect is better.
But for a long time, due to the long training cycle, high cost, and high turnover of skilled personnel, enterprises have insufficient motivation for training.
"It is recommended that the relevant departments further improve the pre-tax deduction policy for training funds, innovate the use of various types of vocational skills training funds at all levels, unblock the mechanism of training subsidies directly to enterprises, and encourage enterprises to take the initiative to carry out job skill improvement training." Xu Ling said.
Training methods should be further innovated.
Liu Kang said that it is necessary to develop order-based and package-based training based on national professional standards, promote the co-construction and sharing of training resources, and build a number of public training bases and production-education integration bases to effectively improve the quality of training.
Optimize the development environment
Improve the training, use, evaluation and incentive mechanism of skilled talents
The "14th Five-Year Plan" and the 2035 long-term goal outline proposes to strengthen the cultivation of innovative, applied, and skilled talents, implement knowledge renewal projects and skills enhancement actions, and strengthen the team of high-level engineers and high-skilled talents.
The interviewed experts said that in order to solve the problem of the shortage of skilled talents, in addition to implementing policies, it is also necessary to remove some institutional barriers.
"At present, compared with management talents and professional technical talents, skilled talents still have problems such as low salary and low sense of acquisition." Xu Ling said, especially the social concept of emphasizing academic qualifications and neglecting skills has not yet fundamentally changed.
For a long time, the talent policy and management system that my country has followed has divided professional and technical talents and high-skilled talents into two types of talents, forming two incompatible management systems, which to a large extent limits the growth and development of skilled talents. development of.
"In enterprises, industrial workers generally face problems such as narrow career development channels and small room for improvement, which makes the positions of first-line skilled workers lack of professional attractiveness." Du Jun, a first-line skilled worker of the Jiu Steel Group, said that for first-line workers, high-level After the technician's professional qualifications, he almost touched the "ceiling" of professional development.
"Improving the training, use, evaluation and incentive mechanism of skilled talents, and strengthening incentive guarantees are very important to improve the stability of the skilled talent team." Liu Kang said.
——Break the barriers and unblock the multi-dimensional development channels of high-skilled talents.
In 2020, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security issued opinions to allow highly-skilled talents to participate in the selection of professional titles in the fields of engineering, agriculture, and experimental technology, so as to fully integrate the career development channels of high-skilled and technical talents.
Tong Tian, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Labor and Social Security Sciences, said that breaking the boundaries of vocational skills evaluation and professional technical title review, breaking the "ceiling" for the growth and development of skilled talents, and establishing an "overpass" for the growth of high-skilled talents and professional and technical talents. Conducive to stimulating the vitality of the team, and more conducive to the cultivation of compound talents.
Next, it is necessary to gradually broaden the areas of penetration, expand the scale of penetration, and encourage companies to set up career development channels for skilled talents in parallel with the career development channels for management and professional and technical talents, and to compare their levels with each other to increase job attractiveness.
—— Raise salaries to increase the attractiveness of skilled worker positions.
A few days ago, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security issued the "Skilled Talent Salary Distribution Guidelines", requiring the establishment of a skilled talent salary distribution system oriented to reflect the value of skills, and vigorously improve the professional honor and economic benefits of skilled talents.
The interviewed experts said that the low income of skilled talents and the long-standing problems of weak treatment guarantee have reduced the social recognition of skilled positions to a certain extent, which is not conducive to the training of skilled talents.
To this end, the "Skilled Talent Salary Distribution Guidelines" clearly stated that highly skilled leaders are a key minority in the skilled talent team, and their salaries should be increased, and economic treatment should be encouraged in accordance with the standards of senior managers.
"Strengthening the team of skilled talents is a major, practical and good thing that benefits the country, enterprises, and people. For the country, this is an important support for Made in China and Created in China. For enterprises, it is to improve the competitiveness of enterprises. , An important foundation for improving economic efficiency. For workers, a skill in hand, life-long benefit is an important guarantee for achieving high-quality employment." Tong Tian said.
Our reporter Li Xinping