How to break through the revenue "ceiling"
——Survey on improving quality and efficiency of Xinjiang's forest and fruit industry
Our reporter Ma Chengzhong
Workers process walnuts in the walnut kernel sorting and processing workshop of Xinjiang Walnut (Hetian) Wholesale Market in Hotan County.
Photo by Ma Chengzhong
Xinjiang is a well-known "hometown of melons and fruits" in the country, with a total area of more than 22 million mu of forest and fruit planting, accounting for nearly 30% of the total income of farmers in the main producing areas.
During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, Xinjiang included forestry and fruit industry as one of the ten key industries for development.
In the face of new opportunities for development, how can Forestry and Fruit Industry transform its mass advantage into market competitiveness and win more consumers' favor?
A reporter from the Economic Daily recently conducted an in-depth investigation into the improvement of the quality and efficiency of the forest and fruit industry in Xinjiang and found that through guidance and support, the local fruit farmers have shown their magic, effectively breaking through the problem of the "ceiling" of forest and fruit income.
Xinjiang has a geographical environment of "three mountains with two basins" and light resources, and it is an important forest and fruit producing area in my country.
In the past, because Xinjiang was far away from the eastern market of my country, the commodity rate of forest and fruit products was not high, and the processing foundation was weak, and the industrial appreciation was slow, leading to the problem of "ceiling" the income of forest and fruit.
In recent years, in accordance with the development idea of “people without me, others with my own advantages, and others with special advantages”, Xinjiang has been deep-farming and meticulous, and vigorously developed the main fruit production areas in the Tarim Basin around southern Xinjiang and the other three fruit industry belts. Civilian production industry.
Nowadays, peasants are planted with sweet melons and fruits in front of and behind their houses, and their lives are becoming more and more sweet.
During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, Xinjiang included forestry and fruit industry as one of the ten key industries for development.
Facing new opportunities for development, how should Forestry and Fruit Industry transform its mass advantage into market competitiveness and win the favor of more consumers?
Recently, a reporter from the Economic Daily went deep into the fields and factory buildings to conduct field investigations on improving the quality and efficiency of the Xinjiang fruit industry.
Grow good fruits from the source
Walnut is the leading industry for farmers' income increase in Hotan County.
In the 100-mu walnut quality improvement and efficiency experiment field in Xiaoerbage Village, Baghqi Town, the reporter saw that the branch pruning course of the town’s forestry station technician Abduaiheti Yiming attracted more than 30 fruit farmers to learn. art.
"The pruning of branches must ensure that the sun shines into the tree, and the branches cannot grow too dense. If the quality of walnuts is not good, it is worthless." Abduaiheti, 40, climbed up the walnut tree from time to time to demonstrate the methods of pruning branches.
In recent years, Abdu’aiheti followed the expert service team at all levels that went directly to the field, learned more than 10 techniques such as pruning, grafting, fertilization, and pest control, and became a fruit tree improvement and production technician in 19 surrounding villages. He brought his apprentices The method has cultivated a group of "village-level sensible people."
"At first, everyone didn't understand why the tree branches of the fruit should be pruned? But without pruning, just planting trees and watering and harvesting the fruit by the sky would not increase income." Relying on technology promotion and improvement, the town's walnut yield per mu increased from 170 kg To 260 kg.
"Now the income of planting high-quality walnuts is high, and everyone has a lot of energy to go around the trees." 46-year-old Abu Dureman Mijiti carefully managed 3 acres of walnut land and earned 10,000 yuan last year.
While learning pruning and fertilizing techniques, he is also considering grafting new varieties with excellent quality and quantity.
In recent years, 58,000 mu of walnuts in Bageqi Town have carried out new varieties with higher graft quality and higher yield.
Using local planting technology training, 44 villages have technicians to achieve full coverage of field management and technical services such as walnut pruning, pest control, and fertilization.
Take Bageqi Town as an example, Xinjiang farmers have technical support for planting fruit trees.
At present, Xinjiang has initially established a five-level forest and fruit technical service system with "autonomous regions with expert teams, prefectures with teams, counties and cities with backbones, townships with technicians, and villages with sensible people".
"The consumer market now needs good fruits, and farmers at the source are forced to increase the cultivation of high-quality fruits." Zhang Qiwu, deputy director of Xinjiang Forest and Fruit Industry Development Center, said that in the past, the supply of forest and fruit products such as walnuts and red dates was insufficient. Fruit growers value high-yield technology more.
But now we must focus on the source of the orchard and provide more high-quality commercial fruits to the market to increase the income of fruit farmers.
Nowadays, Xinjiang is continuing to build more than 1 million mu of fruit quality and efficiency demonstration parks at all levels in accordance with the principles of high quality, reproducibility and promotion.
Through the "three-in-one" management mechanism of leading cadres, technicians, and demonstration farmers, the "integrated water and fertilizer" cultivation management model has been implemented, and a series of combination punches have been performed.
The demonstration garden is becoming a "model field" for fruit growers to learn, and a technical training base and extension service base for forestry and fruit industry.
Not long ago, 122,000 acres of gray dates in Yangtake Township, Maigaiti County, obtained the 2020 climate quality certification for premium agricultural products.
"With the right time and place and the fruit tree management measures in place, the grey dates in our county were'robbed' in less than half a month." The legal person Zhao Zhizhong of the Daolang Fruit Farming and Sideline Products Co., Ltd. in Maigaiti County told reporters that Xinjiang has more than 10 This kind of agricultural products has obtained the climate quality certification of premium agricultural products.
In order to avoid homogenous competition of forest and fruit varieties, Xinjiang is using the climate quality certification of agricultural products to encourage and guide various regions to optimize the planting structure of forest and fruit.
Counties and cities have created "one county, one product" according to local conditions, forming many advantageous forest and fruit producing areas, with both quality and quantity rising, and the market is in demand.
Build a benign supply
On January 8, in the trading center lobby of the Xinjiang Walnut (Hetian) Wholesale Market in Bageqi Town, Hotan County, 49-year-old Ruzimat Ruzi was queuing to retrieve the 2 that sold walnuts last Tuesday. More than 10,000 yuan of transaction funds.
“I used to sell walnuts with one hand and take money with the other. Now I’m more courageous, I don’t have to worry about putting the money here.” Ruzimaiti has 7 acres of walnut land. Through being a walnut broker, last year he only paid for walnuts. The income is more than 40,000 yuan.
Before there was a trading center, selling walnuts was a “headache” for him. “Since the walnut picking in September, he went to the Bazaar (bazaar) to sell walnuts every day, but he couldn’t sell them at a good price. It takes two years to recover the money."
He recalled to reporters.
While encouraging the cultivation of good fruits from the source, Xinjiang is inseparable from the cultivation of a stable market environment and the consensus of "high-quality and high-price" in order to protect the enthusiasm of fruit farmers.
For example, the "difficulty" problem of selling fruit encountered by Zimat in the past is caused by factors such as opaque prices and low prices in addition to the quality of walnuts.
For this reason, Xinjiang has solved the problem of Ruzimati through a combination of "two nets" and the purchase of the city.
Since 2018, Xinjiang has relied on the Xinjiang Fruit Industry Group Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of the Autonomous Region Supply and Marketing Cooperative, to weave the "two networks" of the acquisition network in Xinjiang and the sales network outside Xinjiang. By the end of 2020, it has increased the income of 1 million rural people.
On the electronic screen of the Walnut (Hetian) Wholesale Market, the reporter saw that the transaction prices of walnuts of different grades within 7 days were clear at a glance.
"Now I look at the screen to know how much walnuts can be sold, and there are many people buying in the trading market, and fruit industry groups are coming to buy them. I am thinking about how to order good walnuts, and I no longer worry about the sale of walnuts." Zimat said.
"We strive to make high-quality and high-priced products a consensus from all links in the industrial chain." said Qiao Yingjie, general manager of Xinjiang Fruit Industry Group Hetian Fruit Industry Company. In the past, local walnuts were sold in currency, but now the trading center is based on variety, kernel yield, and bad kernel rate. Standards such as fruit shape and size are divided into different grades, and prices are based on grades. It used to take more than half a year for fruit farmers to pick walnuts and sell them. With the trading center, the time has been reduced by half.
In order to form a consensus on high quality and high price and stabilize the purchase price of the fruit market, in 2019, the Xinjiang Supply and Marketing Cooperative and Xinjiang Fruit Industry Group organized the acquisition team to carry out the procurement work in accordance with the principle of tiered pricing and high quality and high price.
"The company will calculate the recommended benefit price based on the farmer’s planting costs. When the purchase price is lower than the recommended price, the company will initiate a purchase to bring the purchase price back to the recommended price to ensure the benefits of fruit farmers." Qiao Yingjie said, through the development of trust The market purchase has effectively alleviated the difficulty in selling high-quality agricultural products. The unit price of local high-quality walnut purchases has increased by 2 yuan per catty.
Lengthen the industrial chain
In the walnut kernel sorting and processing workshop in the Xinjiang Walnut (Hetian) Wholesale Market in Bageqi Town, walnuts are transformed into beautifully packaged multi-flavored walnuts, walnut oil and other products and sold To all parts of the country; the distracting wood that was once regarded as waste is transformed into a Chinese medicinal material, and the walnut shell becomes a plugging agent in petroleum engineering.
"Previously, due to insufficient processing and storage capacity, most fruits were sold from the fields to Hebei, Shandong and other places for processing at currency prices. The appreciation of agricultural products was slow, and employment was not obvious." Zhang Yu, deputy general manager of Xinjiang Fruit Industry Group, told reporters.
Since 2018, in response to weak links such as the processing scale of red dates and walnut production areas, Xinjiang Fruit Industry Group has invested more than 300 million yuan to establish more than 100 processing production lines in Xinjiang, and 3.5% of its sales are used to upgrade production equipment and processing technology. , Improve the processing and transformation capacity of forest and fruit products.
At present, the processing scale of red dates in Xinjiang has increased from less than 10% to more than 50%, and the processing cost is more than 50% lower than that of other provinces; the initial processing and transformation capacity of walnuts and red dates have reached more than 500,000 tons, effectively improving the quality and added value of walnuts .
The enhancement of processing and transformation capabilities has enhanced the international market recognition of Xinjiang's forest fruits.
On January 8, Xinjiang Fruit Industry Group sent 1,100 tons of walnuts and walnut kernels to Kazakhstan on the China-Europe Express train.
“The export of walnuts has broadened the export channels for Xinjiang’s agricultural products.” Zhang Yu said: “With quality as the support and large-scale production area as the guarantee, Xinjiang’s walnuts’ advantages in the international market are improving.” This year, Xinjiang Fruit Industry Group has signed a contract of 10,000. Export orders for tons of walnut kernels.
Nowadays, the superior forest and fruit resources in the north and south of the Tianshan Mountains are more attractive.
Wine, jam, walnut oil, fruit juice...More and more characteristic forest fruits are moving from the field to the workshop, and the added value is constantly increasing.
Diversified sales channels
In addition to planting and processing, Xinjiang's forestry and fruit industry is also facing the dilemma of "the smell of wine is also afraid of deep alleys".
To this end, all parts of Xinjiang are shifting from re-distribution to re-marketing, building diversified sales channels.
In Aksu City E-commerce Industrial Park, Li Bozheng skillfully placed orders, delivered goods, and served as customer service, and sold local apples, red dates, walnuts and other products to all parts of the country.
In 2020, his store sales will reach more than 2 million yuan.
In October 2019, Li Bo returned to his hometown to start a business. In addition to the advantages of the origin, what attracted him was the strong local e-commerce atmosphere.
The e-commerce industrial park where its company is located is the first park in South Xinjiang that integrates functions such as commerce, warehousing, logistics, training, and incubation. It cooperates with e-commerce platforms such as Alibaba and JD to form a farm with good online and offline interaction. By-product marketing system.
"The incubation base provides free computer desks, chairs and office space for entrepreneurs, warehouse leasing and freight are subsidized, e-commerce companies share agricultural product sources, and entrepreneurs can also get systematic e-commerce skills training, all of which reduce the cost of entrepreneurship. Zhou Hu, secretary general of Aksu E-commerce Association, said that Aksu e-commerce industry started in 2014. Through the e-commerce training program, the e-commerce industrial park has trained more than 4,000 e-commerce students.
Currently, there are 85 e-commerce companies in the park, and online retail sales in 2020 will exceed 2 billion yuan.
Aid to Xinjiang provinces and cities has also become an important help to solve the problem of agricultural circulation in Xinjiang.
In 2017, Zhejiang Province and Aksu Region jointly created the "Ten Cities and Hundred Stores" project. More than 600 stores have been established in Zhejiang Province, becoming an important platform for Xinjiang's forest and fruit products to be sold nationwide.
At present, the two places are implementing the upgraded version of the "ten cities and one hundred stores" to promote the transformation of Xinjiang agricultural products from "selling Zhejiang" to "selling the whole country."
"The next step is to continue to improve the supply capacity of high-quality fruits and the standard management level of the region on the basis of consolidating the existing results." Zhang Qiwu said that they will open up the link between production and sales by strengthening the construction of the "two networks" intermediate connection mechanism. Solve the export problem of Xinjiang's high-quality fruits.
By supporting and expanding a number of e-commerce companies and building diversified marketing channels, Xinjiang’s melons and fruits can be sold throughout the country, benefiting thousands of fruit farmers.
——Survey on improving quality and efficiency of Xinjiang's forest and fruit industry