The intellectual property with an estimated value of 3 million yuan can only be realized at 200,000 yuan in the end——

　　Where is the intellectual property pledge financing stuck?

　　Our reporter Guo Ziyuan

　　Currently, the business scale of intellectual property pledge financing is growing rapidly.

The Economic Daily reporter learned from the Beijing Banking and Insurance Regulatory Bureau that the newly issued intellectual property pledge loans for the whole year of 2020 in its jurisdiction increased by 30% year-on-year; data from the Zhejiang Banking and Insurance Regulatory Bureau showed that as of the end of the third quarter of 2020, its intellectual property pledged loans The loan balance was 8.639 billion yuan, an increase of 47.42% from the end of 2019, which was 32.04 percentage points higher than the average loan growth rate over the same period.

　　For science and technology companies with multiple intellectual property rights, how to promote the effective transformation of "intellectual property" into "assets"?

Among them, the role of intellectual property pledge financing has become increasingly prominent.

However, the reporter's investigation found that there are still many "stumbling blocks" in the advancement of intellectual property pledge financing-as a pledge, how to evaluate the value of intellectual property?

Once the enterprise cannot repay the loan, how can the bank dispose and realize the intellectual property?

Why the intellectual property with an estimated value of up to 3 million yuan can only be realized at 200,000 yuan in the end?

To this end, the reporter launched an investigation into the relevant situation in Beijing and Zhejiang.

　　How to solve the difficulties of value assessment

　　As we all know, if a loan is obtained from a bank, the borrower needs to provide corresponding guarantee methods. There are usually three types of guarantee, mortgage guarantee, pledge guarantee, and guarantee guarantee. The bank determines the loan limit based on the value of the collateral and considers multiple factors.

However, compared with mortgages such as real estate, the biggest problem with pledges such as intellectual property rights is that it is "difficult to assess the value."

　　Who will evaluate?

The current situation is that due to their high degree of professionalism, most bank staff do not have the ability to evaluate, so they need to rely on external institutions.

However, a reporter's survey found that the assessment agency charges a higher price, usually 2% to 3% of the final assessment value, and some even as high as 5% to 6%.

If the final valuation of the company’s intellectual property rights is 3 million yuan, and the bank lends 1 million yuan at a pledge rate of about 30%, the company will need to pay at least 60,000 yuan in evaluation fees, which will invisibly raise the company’s comprehensive financing costs.

　　In order to reduce corporate expenditures, many banks adopt the "self-assessment" model, but they actually cooperate with external evaluation agencies, but the latter does not charge evaluation fees.

"The reason why the evaluation agency is free is that by cooperating with banks, the evaluation agency can learn which companies have which patents, and then establish a cooperative relationship with the company to provide services for the company's subsequent patent annual fee payment, new project declaration, etc. Yu wins customers for himself.” said the relevant person in charge of a city commercial bank in Zhejiang.

　　But this "mutual benefit" model is not a long-term solution.

In order to solve the problem from the root cause, as a key city in the construction of the national intellectual property operation service system, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province took the lead. Taizhou Banking and Insurance Regulatory Bureau has established long-term cooperative relations with Taizhou’s intellectual property talent pool and expert pool to train banks 232 basic talents in intellectual property assessment.

　　"By initiating remote evaluations, centralized evaluations, etc., we can obtain the reference price of intellectual property evaluation for free, and carry out self-evaluation of intellectual property rights on this basis, exempting third-party evaluation links and exempting evaluation fees." Cao Guangqun, Director of Taizhou Banking and Insurance Regulatory Bureau It is said that as of the end of 2020, Taizhou has handled 79% of intellectual property pledge financing through self-assessment methods, an increase of 28 percentage points from 2019, saving nearly 30 million yuan in evaluation costs.

　　But what if the assessment is not accurate?

This is also a major obstacle restricting the development of intellectual property pledge financing.

"From a practical point of view, the credit-increasing utility of intellectual property pledges is low, which are weak guarantees and credit-like loans. In order to prevent risks, banks mostly choose to add collateral, such as requiring companies to take out unsecured real estate." A large state-owned bank Beijing branch The person in charge of the corporate finance department said that the bank's pure intellectual property pledge loans accounted for no more than 20% of the total intellectual property pledge loans.

　　"In order to solve the above pain points, our idea is to'package' products and increase the pledge ratio, such as'patent + trademark' mixed pledge." Cao Guangqun said that as of the end of 2020, among the newly issued intellectual property pledge loans in Taizhou, 43.7% The pledge of intellectual property rights is used as the only guarantee for loans, which is an increase of 20.5 percentage points from 2019.

　　The disposal and circulation system needs to be improved

　　In addition to the difficulty of evaluation, the time-consuming registration of intellectual property pledges and the difficulty of disposal and circulation also hinder the advancement of related businesses.

　　A number of interviewed companies admitted frankly that if patent rights are involved, the relevant pledge procedures can be handled at the local intellectual property office. The time is relatively short, usually one week.

However, if copyright is involved, the pledge procedure takes a long time and needs to be confirmed by the State Intellectual Property Office. The process takes one to two months.

"Sometimes I am anxious to spend money, I really can't wait for two months."

　　However, Wang Liangren, the person in charge of Taizhou Laneke Alarm Co., Ltd., was delighted that his company obtained a 2 million yuan loan from Taizhou Branch of Zhejiang Tailong Commercial Bank through a "patent right + trademark right" mixed pledge method. The manager contacted, and it took only 3 days to complete a series of processes including material preparation, contract filling, pledge registration, etc.".

Wang Liangren said.

It turned out that Taizhou City was promoting the “run once” action to improve financing convenience, and opened a green channel for intellectual property pledge financing, through online processing, remote branch joint processing, etc., to handle intellectual property pledge registration for customers.

At present, the processing time for the entire process of trademark pledge financing has been reduced to one working day at the shortest time, and the processing time for the entire process of patent pledge financing has been reduced to three working days.

　　In addition, the Beijing Banking and Insurance Regulatory Bureau has coordinated with relevant departments to explore the establishment of an "Intellectual Property Pledge Financing Service Center" on the basis of the "Beijing First Loan Service Center", including evaluation and pledge registration, and strive to achieve a "one-stop shop" "Apply.

　　It is worth noting that, in addition to a series of problems such as valuation and registration of pre-loan management, for post-loan management, once the enterprise cannot repay the loan, it is also more difficult for banks to dispose of and realize the pledge.

　　"The intellectual property valued at 3 million yuan can only be realized at 200,000 yuan or 300,000 yuan in the end, but the bank loan is 1 million yuan. What about the loan loss of 700,000 to 800,000 yuan?" Several banks During the interview, the person in charge said that since a sustainable and commercialized intellectual property trading market has not yet been established, it is difficult to dispose of pledges and cannot cover credit risks.

　　Therefore, many industry insiders suggested that the focus should be on improving the disposal and circulation system of intellectual property pledges, increasing the activity of intellectual property transactions, and smoothing the circulation of intellectual property transaction information; at the same time, reducing legal factors, time factors, market factors and other uncertainties The degree of influence of the factor in its transaction process.

　　Risk sharing needs to be carried by several companies

　　Because of the difficulty in handling and risk control, the bank's front-line staff have "weak endogenous motivation". If the risk sharing mechanism is not further improved, the enthusiasm of the bank will be greatly frustrated.

　　In this regard, industry insiders said that one is to continue to promote the implementation of "due diligence and exemption" to relieve the worries of the bank's front-line staff; the second is to make good use of the discount interest and fee policy; the third is to enrich the risk compensation channels.

　　At present, the Zhongguancun Science Park Management Committee, the People’s Bank of China Business Management Department, the Beijing Banking and Insurance Regulatory Bureau, and the Beijing Intellectual Property Office have jointly issued the "Measures to Further Promote the Development of Zhongguancun’s Intellectual Property Pledge Financing" to encourage further establishment of banks Improve the internal "due diligence exemption" mechanism that meets the characteristics of intellectual property pledge financing, and implement exemption for those who have performed their duties in the process of business processing; at the same time, increase the tolerance of non-performing loans, and the bank's intellectual property pledge financing has a higher rate of non-performing loans The non-performing loans of its own loans within 3 percentage points (inclusive) may not be used as deduction factors for the regulatory rating of the supervisory authority and the bank's internal evaluation.

　　"In addition, we must improve the risk sharing mechanism, give full play to the leading role of finance, and enrich risk compensation channels." The relevant person in charge of the Zhejiang Banking and Insurance Regulatory Bureau said that at present, many cities within its jurisdiction have introduced special policies such as risk capital pools. Among them, Hangzhou The city has established a patent pledge financing risk compensation fund of 30 million yuan to compensate for the risk loss caused by the policy guarantee of patent pledge financing services; Jiaxing City shall compensate for the 40% discount for each household within 300,000 yuan; Taizhou has established 3,500 A special fund pool of RMB 10,000 will provide risk compensation for eligible loans with intellectual property pledge losses.

　　"Taizhou City has promoted the inclusion of loan interest discounts and insurance premiums into the application scope of the city's'special funds for the construction of the intellectual property operation service system'." Cao Guangqun said that up to 20% of the interest charged on the intellectual property pledge loans of various banking institutions will be subsidized. Each insurance institution’s intellectual property pledge financing guarantee insurance will be subsidized at 25% of the annual premium, and 30% of the premium subsidy will be given to enterprises insuring non-financing intellectual property insurance.

As of the end of 2020, Taizhou has issued a total of nearly 20 million yuan in various discounts.