The digital economy has broad room for development
Interview with Xiaojuan Changjiang, School of Public Administration, Tsinghua University
The digital economy is an economic form in which humans use big data (digital knowledge and information) to identify, select, filter, store, use, guide and realize the rapid and optimal allocation and regeneration of resources, and achieve high-quality economic development.
A few days ago, a reporter from this newspaper interviewed Professor Xiaojuan Changjiang from the School of Public Administration of Tsinghua University, focusing on issues such as "what is the potential for the development of the digital economy in China" and "what changes will it bring".
China's digital economy has entered the ranks of the world's top ten countries with the highest digital economy index
Reporter: In recent years, the digital economy has developed rapidly. What is its development potential in China?
How should we face it?
Jiang Xiaojuan: In the past decade, China's digital economy has developed rapidly. The output value of the digital economy has risen from 9.5 trillion yuan to 35.8 trillion yuan, and its share of GDP has risen from 20.3% to 36.2%. The growth rate is much higher than that of GDP in the same period.
China's digital economy has entered the ranks of the world's top ten countries with the highest digital economy index, ranking ninth. We are all developed countries.
This position is higher than our global ranking of GDP, GDP per capita, social development index, and innovation. Therefore, China is a relatively fast-developing economy in the digital economy.
It has never been seen that with the development of new communication technology, huge population, huge manufacturing base, and many dynamic enterprises, China's digital economy, including digital consumption, will fully exert its strength and will show better room for growth.
We must adapt to the digital economy and adapt to the governance concepts of this era.
The changes and effects brought about by the digital economy are mainly reflected in digital consumption, digital production, digital network chain, and digital configuration
Reporter: What are the main aspects of the changes and impact brought about by the digital economy?
Jiang Xiaojuan: Digital consumption creates heavyweight new consumption.
With the blessing of 5G technology and artificial intelligence technology, the consumer Internet is undergoing qualitative changes, from past connection information to linking behaviors and activities.
For example, smart sports, a new form of Internet digital consumption, one of the industries most affected during the epidemic is the gym, but young people have specific exercise needs, and many students also need to take physical education classes. At this time, the role of smart sports appears .
In addition to transmitting digital and textual information, 5G technology can also carry out physical education. Through practical training and operating equipment, almost complete on-site teaching can be carried out on the Internet.
New technologies and products will also provide more consumption patterns.
For example, self-driving cars provide a new consumption scene. A self-driving car can provide a variety of scenarios such as learning, work, social interaction, fitness, and entertainment as people move.
Digital production is the new blue ocean of the digital economy.
Digital production can realize the intelligent interconnection of the production process, realize the intelligent interconnection with the consumption chain and the supply chain, realize the intelligent interconnection of the platform of consumers and service providers, and realize the intelligent matching of social resources.
For example, in terms of sales and maintenance of construction machinery, China's construction machinery is sold to more than 80 countries in the world. As continuous operation equipment, construction machinery repair and maintenance costs are high. After intelligently connecting it to the enterprise’s industrial Internet, it can be remotely Monitoring equipment operation is healthy, spare parts repair and maintenance become very timely, and orders can be dispatched intelligently.
The digital network chain improves the efficiency and safety of the industrial chain.
The industrial chain is relatively stable for an enterprise. Many companies have been making a component for ten or even a hundred years. Its supply chain is very stable and professional, and it can be iterated simultaneously. When the main engine changes, all parts of the industrial chain must follow. Synchronous iteration, so maintaining an industrial chain is expensive.
However, once an epidemic or natural disaster is encountered, the link is likely to be broken.
How to link after the link is broken?
With the digital network chain, customers, manufacturers, component suppliers, raw material suppliers, R&D and other related information in this industry will be online, and intelligent links can push out companies that are most likely to form new supply and demand relationships. , In special times, it can quickly organize the production capacity on the platform and make products quickly.
Therefore, the network chain of the Internet is very important. It turns a single chain into a network chain. The original intention of the Internet is the "net". With the network chain, any break in the network cannot stop the entire network.
Digital configuration realizes major adjustment of global resource allocation.
While traditional international trade is being cut, digital globalization is developing very rapidly, and the global division of labor for complex technological products, services, and R&D is developing rapidly.
Complex technology products are globalized from birth.
For example, in the design of Boeing 787, each customer has different requirements for the aircraft, how to design the cabin, how to set up the seats, how to arrange the sound system, and the degree of personalization is very high. This requires good communication technology to be distributed all over the world. Of manufacturers are connected to simultaneously respond to demands, discover problems, and iterate technology.
For the service industry, the significance of change is greater.
The service industry is a non-tradable product. In the traditional economic era, service consumption and provision are carried out at the same time and cannot be stored or transported over long distances. With satellite TV and the Internet, services can be provided over long distances. With the support of 5G technology, Six musicians can use different instruments to play Bach’s music in six countries in the world, and synthesize them into a concert simultaneously. The sound is collected from different places into the ears of the listeners without any delay or disharmony.
The digital economy will bring about a major change in China's production organization
Reporter: How does the digital economy deconstruct the original economic form and re-link it?
Jiang Xiaojuan: From a theoretical point of view, the digital economy deconstructs the original economic form, and then re-links it through algorithms and the Internet. This is the process of restructuring the economic order.
For example, deconstructing an enterprise means not organizing production based on the enterprise, but using a digital platform to link to the equipment level and tool level to organize production, and transfer the enterprise-centric production to the product-centric production.
Deconstructing the band, you do not need to keep a band in place, you can use 5G technology to select the most suitable musicians around the world to organize a concert based on performance needs.
Deconstruct the hospital. The future medical center will have connected equipment. When patients need it, they can choose the doctors and technicians most suitable for this equipment from all over the world. Maybe one doctor can remotely control him to give him anesthesia, another doctor remotely control surgery, and another doctor. Remotely monitor his physical condition and use a digital platform to link to a single doctor to provide services.
Macro data and the government's previous macro-control actions can also be deconstructed.
For example, depending on the economic situation during the epidemic, two of the indicators can be observed through the data platform. One is the resumption of work and production. According to the data provided by the mobile platform, the number of workers returning from their hometown to the production area can be grasped; the other is the investment indicator, which can be Use the excavator index to observe how the investment is progressing, and to understand the specific start-up situation by looking at the actual workload of the start-up machine.
It can also deconstruct very subtle points. For example, the four projects can be carried out in different stages, including excavation, building and interior decoration. Although the excavator index has gone up, the mixer index has not kept up.
The mixer index is necessary for building a building. Through comparison, we know that although the basic construction is recovering and investment is recovering, the basic construction is still in the excavation stage and the building has not been built.
Generally speaking, the digital economy not only deconstructs the economic dimension, but also deconstructs many contents of the society. It deconstructs the society and re-links it.
(Our reporter Yang Yaling)