Will delaying retirement have a "crowding effect" on employment
Expert: limited impact on young people’s employment
"Will it be more difficult for some leading cadres not to give up positions and young people to find jobs?"
"On the one hand, it is difficult to get a job, and on the other hand, to implement delayed retirement. Will there be a situation of'grandson finds it difficult to find a job, grandfather is still at work'?" Speaking of the topic of delayed retirement, Xiaofeng, who is currently in graduate school, is worried that he will look for work in the future Is it getting harder?
The recently announced "Recommendations of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Formulating the Fourteenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and Long-Term Goals for 2035" proposes to implement a gradual delay in the legal retirement age.
This expression has received great attention from the society.
What is the background of the implementation of progressively delayed retirement?
Will delayed retirement bring new challenges to young people's employment?
How to implement delayed retirement?
A reporter from China Youth Daily and China Youth Daily interviewed relevant experts.
Delayed retirement is approaching
The relevant person in charge of the Pension Insurance Department of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security said that the average life expectancy in my country has increased from about 40 years in the early days of the founding of New China to 77.3 years in 2019.
According to the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, my country's legal retirement age is stipulated in the Labor Insurance Regulations of 1953; in 1978, the State Council document No. 104 once again specified the legal retirement age for male workers at 60, female officials at 55, and female workers at 50.
No adjustments have been made over the years.
Experts said that with the significant changes in the economy and society, the average life expectancy has increased significantly, the aging trend of the population has accelerated, and the current low retirement age is no longer compatible with the current economic and social environment.
Delaying retirement is an important part of the implementation of a proactive population policy, as well as an important task in the "14th Five-Year Plan" and the 2035 long-term goal recommendations.
Qiao Qingmei, an associate professor of the School of Labor and Human Resources at Renmin University of China, said in an interview with a reporter from China Youth Daily and China Youth Daily that in response to the impact of population aging, delaying the retirement age has become a trend in social security reforms around the world.
In addition to the increase in the average life expectancy, the general increase in the number of years of education and the general postponement of the initial employment age have also created conditions for delaying the retirement age.
It is understood that Germany will delay retirement again on the basis of the current retirement age of 65, and plans to delay the retirement age to 67 by 2030.
Sweden implements a flexible retirement system, where you can choose to retire at any time between the age of 60 and 70. At present, most people choose to retire at 65.
"From the perspective of employment structure, delaying retirement will affect the employment of young people in some jobs, but the impact is extremely limited." Qiao Qingmei said, "Older people can maintain spending power at work, and most people earn higher wages than pensions. On the contrary, it is conducive to the creation of new jobs. In addition, there is a big difference between the jobs of the elderly and the young, which may not completely fit the young people. It is not that the old people can retreat and the young people can top up."
Qiao Qingmei believes that mental workers, high-skilled talents and non-mental workers will have more obvious differences in their attitudes towards delayed retirement.
Some non-mental workers, even if they have not reached the legal retirement age, may want to retire early due to physical reasons.
And some mental workers, even after going through the retirement procedures, will participate in a lot of scientific research work or project research in society or the original unit, such as university professors, scientific researchers, doctors, senior technicians, etc., in fact, delay retirement in "disguised" , This situation is currently very common.
Employment opportunities for young people depend more on economic development and industrial transformation and upgrading
There are millions of retired employees in our country every year. Compared with the workforce of more than 700 million, the number of workers entering the ranks of delayed retirement is not large.
Professor Li Changan of the University of International Business and Economics believes that delaying retirement will have a certain crowding out effect on employment, but the effect is not large.
Employment opportunities for young people depend more on economic development and industrial transformation and upgrading. Therefore, postponed retirements will not occupy employment opportunities for young people.
Li Changan said: "After the implementation of the progressive delay of retirement, the payment period will increase, and the pension level of the corresponding group will also increase. Therefore, the income increase of the pension insurance fund should also be mainly used to improve the pension benefits of the delayed retirement group. A situation in which people are advantageous but disadvantaged to others."
Some people worry that the implementation of delayed retirement is because the pension is not enough?
The relevant person in charge of the Pension Insurance Department of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security said that judging from the actual operation of the enterprise pension insurance fund in the first three quarters of this year, the overall situation was relatively stable, and even better than expected.
In terms of fund revenue and expenditure, total revenue was 2.1 trillion yuan and total expenditure was 2.8 trillion yuan.
Although short-term income is lower than expenditure, the cumulative fund balance is 4.5 trillion yuan. The country is fully confident and capable of ensuring that pensions are paid on time and in full.
The person in charge pointed out that ensuring that the basic pension is paid on time and in full and guaranteeing the basic life of retirees is the "bottom line" and "red line" of endowment insurance work.
It is reported that all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) will realize the unified income and expenditure of pension insurance funds at the provincial level.
Standardized provincial-level overall planning can not only further improve the ability of the province's endowment insurance funds to be deployed and used in a unified manner, ensure the province's pension payment, but also lay a good foundation for the next step of national overall planning.
The longer the payment time of the insured person, the higher the salary after retirement
Ms. Liu, 46, is worried about the number of years of pension after the implementation of the delayed retirement policy.
"Assuming that you live to 80 and retire at 60, you can receive 20 years of pension; if you delay retirement to 65, you can only receive 15 years."
The relevant person in charge of the Pension Insurance Department of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security said that the pension level of insured persons is closely related to the length of time and amount of payment.
"The average life expectancy increases, and workers will inevitably receive more years of pensions after retirement. This requires strengthening pension accumulation. Delaying retirement age can increase fund accumulation." Qiao Qingmei suggested, "Delaying retirement age should be done in small steps, such as before. Retirement positions at the age of 60 can be postponed in the first year to the age of 60 and two months after retirement, and can be postponed for 4 months in the second year, and then gradually postponed. This basically does not constitute too much for workers who are about to retire. Impact."
Qiao Qingmei believes that delaying the retirement age should not be "one size fits all", especially the identification, standardization, and implementation of special types of work must be on the agenda.
For example, in some high-cold plateau areas and special types of work, how to delay and whether to delay requires continuous improvement of national policies.
As for when will the gradual delay in retirement be out of timetable?
The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security previously stated in response to netizens’ questions that they are in accordance with the deployment and requirements of the Party Central Committee and the State Council to adapt to the needs of population aging and life expectancy, and carefully study relevant policies and measures.
China Youth Daily·China Youth Daily reporter Li Guijie Source: China Youth Daily