Chinanews client, Beijing, December 19th (Reporter Xie Yiguan) From December 16th to 18th, the Central Economic Work Conference was held in Beijing.
"Solving the problem of seeds and arable land" has become one of the eight key tasks of China's economy next year.
In 2020, affected by the new crown pneumonia epidemic, southern floods, northeast typhoons, and grass moths, the topic of national food security has been repeatedly mentioned.
The meeting put forward, "The key to ensuring food security lies in implementing the strategy of storing grain on the ground and storing grain on technology."
Data map: Autumn harvest scene of Xiaobing wheat in Zhenlai County, Jilin Province.
Photo by Pan Shengyu of China News Service
How to store food in technology?
—— Determined to fight a turnaround in the seed industry
The meeting proposed to strengthen the protection and utilization of germplasm resources and strengthen the construction of seed banks.
It is necessary to respect science, strict supervision, and orderly promote the industrial application of biological breeding.
It is necessary to carry out the technical research of seed source "stuck neck", determined to fight a turnaround in the seed industry.
Why is solving the seed problem rarely emphasized by the Central Economic Work Conference?
Xu Hongcai, deputy director of the Economic Policy Committee of the Chinese Academy of Policy Research, told a reporter from Chinanews.com that seeds can be said to be agricultural chips. A heavy dependence on imports is not good for my country’s own food security. The Chinese have their own hands.
"Seed technology is particularly important to agriculture and has a relatively large contribution to increasing production." Dang Guoying, a researcher at the Institute of Rural Development of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, told a reporter from Chinanews.com that the monopoly of seed in the world is relatively strong, which means that the price is supply Fang has the final say.
China itself is a big agricultural country. The cultivation of fine seeds is a basic technology, and it should be mastered by yourself.
According to data disclosed by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, in the past ten years, my country has approved and registered 39,000 crop varieties; the coverage rate of improved crop varieties is over 96%; and the contribution rate of improved varieties to the increase in food production exceeds 40%.
In particular, the two major ration crops of rice and wheat have achieved complete self-sufficiency, and the potential of hybrid rice per mu has exceeded 1,000 kg and maintained an international lead.
"Currently, the coverage rate of improved varieties in China is actually quite high, especially in terms of grain, which are mainly cultivated by our country, but there are indeed some seed sources that need to be imported. This part requires technical research." Dang Guoying said.
According to Zhang Taolin, Vice Minister of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, although my country's seed industry has made significant progress in science and technology, there is still a gap between international advancement.
Including the selection and breeding of vegetables, live pigs, and dairy cows, there is no problem in satisfying itself, but there is a gap in the level of breeds.
From the perspective of the level of technological innovation in the seed industry, my country’s livestock and poultry genetic resources account for 1/6 of the world, but the identification and selection work is obviously not able to keep up, and it can even be said that it is still in its infancy, and there is a large gap in the application of technological innovation.
"There are many sources in China that are still'stuck'. It is necessary to increase the research and development of seed industry technology and the research and development of major products, and cultivate high-yield, high-quality, pest-resistant, salt-tolerant, and adaptable new major animal and plant varieties. Improve food production capacity." Wan Jianmin, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and vice president of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, told a reporter from Chinanews.com, "After all, food security is my country's major strategic demand and the cornerstone of national security and stability."
"In the future, we must continue to advance the research on improved crops and livestock and poultry breeds." The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has made it clear that by 2025, it strives to cultivate a number of major varieties with independent intellectual property rights, and the innovation capabilities of key crops and livestock and poultry breeding are close to or reach the international first-class level.
Data map: Jilin Province is located in one of the three largest black soil regions in the world and bears the important responsibility of ensuring national food security.
Photo by Liu Dong
How to store food on the ground?
-Resolutely curb the "non-agriculturalization" of cultivated land and prevent "non-grainization"
To store grain in technology, we must store grain in the ground, because farmland is the foundation of food production.
The meeting made it clear that the red line of 1.8 billion acres of arable land must be firmly held, the "non-agriculturalization" of arable land must be resolutely curbed, the "non-grainization" of arable land must be prevented, and the balance of arable land should be regulated.
It is necessary to build a national food security industrial belt, strengthen the construction of high-standard farmland, strengthen the construction of farmland water conservancy, and implement the national black soil protection project.
Why must we resolutely curb the "non-agriculturalization" of cultivated land and prevent "non-grainization"?
Wan Jianmin said, “Cultivated land resources are finite and non-renewable resources. If the red line of cultivated land is broken, China’s food security will be impossible to talk about. Therefore, it is necessary to emphasize the'non-agriculturalization' of cultivated land."
According to the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, there is a tendency to "non-grain" cultivated land in some areas. Some places simply interpret the adjustment of agricultural structure as reducing food production. Some business entities have violated regulations by planting trees and digging ponds on permanent basic farmland. Large-scale transfer of capital to cultivated land to plant non-grain crops, etc. If these problems are allowed to develop, they will affect national food security.
Recently, the General Office of the State Council issued the "Opinions on Preventing the "De-grainization" of Cultivated Land and Stabilizing Grain Production."
The "Opinions" clearly stated that permanent basic farmland should be mainly used for the development of grain production, especially ensuring the planting area of the three major grains of rice, wheat and corn.
Generally, cultivated land should be mainly used for the production of grain, cotton, oil, sugar, vegetables and other agricultural products and forage feed.
On the basis of giving priority to the production of grain and edible agricultural products, it should be appropriately used for the production of non-edible agricultural products.
The non-edible agricultural products with obvious surplus in the market should be guided to prevent disorderly development.
(Finish)