How will new energy vehicles run in the next 15 years? This document indicates a new path for development
The "New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035)" proposes that my country’s new energy vehicle core technology should reach the international advanced level by 2035, and the quality brand must have strong international competitiveness. It also points out that the infrastructure system should be improved and the charging foundation should be improved. Facility service level——
Our reporter Li He
New energy vehicles have become the main direction of the transformation and development of the global automotive industry, and they are also an important engine for the continued growth of the world economy.
For my country, the development of new energy vehicles is the only way to move from a major automobile country to a powerful automobile country, and it is also a strategic measure to deal with climate change and promote green development.
Since 2010, my country's new energy vehicles have grown rapidly at an average annual rate of doubling. In 2019, 1.06 million new energy passenger vehicles were sold, ranking first in the world for 5 consecutive years.
With the end of the "Energy-saving and New Energy Automobile Industry Development Plan (2012-2020)", how should my country's new energy automobile industry develop?
On November 2, the General Office of the State Council announced the "New Energy Automobile Industry Development Plan (2021-2035)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan"), emphasizing the need to seize strategic opportunities and give full play to the advantages of infrastructure, information and communications, etc. Continuously improve the core competitiveness of the industry and promote the high-quality and sustainable development of the new energy automobile industry.
Possess strong competitiveness and core technology reaches international advanced level
The "Plan" is divided into 8 chapters, and the specific content includes 5 key tasks, 5 column tasks, and "3 5s" of 5 safeguard measures.
Xin Guobin, Vice Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that as a programmatic document of the new energy automobile industry, the main highlights of the "Plan" can be summarized as "four new", that is, to adapt to the new situation, adapt to new requirements, propose new development paths, and clarify new development directions.
The new situation refers to the current vigorous development of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation in the world. New energy vehicles integrate new energy, new materials and the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence and other transformative technologies to promote vehicles from pure transportation. Transform to mobile smart terminals, energy storage units, and digital spaces, and promote the optimization of energy consumption structure, the improvement of the intelligent level of transportation systems and urban operations; emphasize "market leadership", require the market to give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, and strengthen enterprises Technological route selection, production and service system construction, and other aspects of the main position, better play the role of the government in strategic planning guidance, standard and regulation formulation, quality and safety supervision, market order maintenance, green consumption guidance, etc., to create a good environment for industrial development.
The "Plan" puts forward that by 2025, my country's new energy vehicle market competitiveness will be significantly enhanced, and the new energy vehicle sales volume will reach a new target of about 20% of the total vehicle sales volume, and "In 2035, my country's new energy vehicle core technology The long-term goal is to reach the international advanced level and the quality brand has strong international competitiveness.
Xin Guobin said that at present, there is still a certain gap between new energy vehicles and traditional fuel vehicles in terms of purchase cost and charging convenience. It is necessary to promote sales of new energy vehicles to reach about 20% of total vehicle sales by 2025. Goals need to be advanced from both sides of supply and demand.
On the supply side, it is necessary to continuously strengthen technological research on key factors such as reducing costs and improving safety, develop advanced, applicable and reliable products, and accelerate the formation of greater market competitive advantages; on the demand side, it is necessary to strengthen policy guidance and introduce preferential policies to encourage the use of new energy vehicles Policies, optimizing classified traffic management measures, encouraging business model innovations such as power exchanges, and at the same time accelerating the leadership of electric vehicles in the public domain, increasing the promotion of new energy vehicles to the countryside, and continuously improving user experience.
Cui Dongshu, deputy secretary-general of the National Passenger Vehicle Federation, said that in terms of power consumption, the "Plan" puts forward the goal of reducing the average power consumption of new pure electric passenger vehicles to 12 kWh/100 kilometers by 2025.
This is an increase of 1 degree from the 11 kWh/100km of its draft for comments.
In essence, it encourages the development of high-end new energy and should give it more room for development.
Driven by innovation, deepen the “three vertical and three horizontal” R&D layout
Xin Guobin said that my country’s new energy automobile industry has developed to the current stage, and there are still weak core technological innovation capabilities, quality assurance systems to be improved, infrastructure construction lags, service models to be innovated and perfected, industrial ecology is not yet complete, and market competition is increasing. Exacerbate other problems.
Qin Yong, director of the High-tech Department of the Ministry of Science and Technology, said that from the perspective of the entire new energy vehicle development experience, the support and leading role of technological innovation for its development is very obvious.
In order to promote the realization of the goal, the "Plan" puts forward the basic principle of "innovation-driven", a special chapter "improving technological innovation capability", and also emphasizes the deepening of the "three vertical and three horizontal" R&D layout.
The "three verticals" refer to pure electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and fuel cell vehicles. The "three horizontals" refer to power batteries and management systems, drive motors and power electronics, and networked and intelligent technologies.
"For power batteries, the core component of new energy vehicles, advanced deployment will be made in terms of new battery systems, new materials, new processes, and new structures to promote the development of power batteries in the direction of high specific energy and high safety; for fuel cells, focus Support core materials such as proton exchange membranes, catalysts, carbon paper, and core technologies related to hydrogen energy, and work hard on the high performance, long life and low cost of fuel cells." Qin Yong said, focusing on intelligence, networking and Lightweight, accelerate the deployment of a new generation of information technology, focus on promoting the development of automatic driving technologies and equipment such as vehicle control operating systems and computing platforms, and car-level chips; strengthen the layout of new material technologies to support silicon carbide power devices, lightweight materials, and low cost Research and development of rare earth permanent magnet materials.
Increase support for technological innovation platforms such as the National New Energy Vehicle Technology Innovation Center, build a national strategic technological force in the national new energy vehicle industry, and provide support for the industry’s common key technology research and development.
Xin Guobin said that in addition to strengthening innovation drive, it also pays attention to standard leadership, and will promote the formation of a technical standard system based on vehicle-road coordination and reflecting my country's characteristics.
Accelerate the deployment of 5G communication base stations, promote the transformation and upgrading of intelligent roads, organize and carry out manned and cargo tests and large-scale application demonstrations.
Improve infrastructure and promote the construction of charging and swapping networks
my country has built the world's largest charging network.
As of September this year, a total of 42,000 charging stations, 525 replacement stations, and 1.42 million charging piles of various types have been built across the country. The ratio of vehicle to pile is about 3.1:1.
“Charging and swapping infrastructure is a key link in the development of new energy vehicles and an important support for industrial promotion. On the whole, compared with the scale of new energy vehicles’ promotion and application, the construction and development of charging facilities still cannot meet the needs of consumers. Make greater efforts to optimize the structure and layout." Xin Guobin said.
The "Planning" proposes to "improve the infrastructure system", promote the construction of the charging and swapping network, scientifically lay out the charging and swapping infrastructure, and strengthen the overall coordination with urban and rural construction planning, grid planning and property management, and urban parking.
Relying on the "Internet +" smart energy, improve the level of intelligence, promote smart and orderly slow charging as the main charging service mode in residential areas, and emergency fast charging as supplementary, accelerate the formation of a moderately advanced, fast charging as the mainstay, and slow charging as a supplementary high-speed Highway and urban and rural public charging networks are encouraged to carry out the application of battery swap mode to improve charging convenience and product reliability.
According to the data provided by the Ministry of Finance, in order to support local governments in accelerating the construction of charging infrastructure, starting from 2014, the central government will reward local governments for the development of charging infrastructure.
So far, the central government has issued a total of 4.5 billion yuan in rewards, forming a development pattern of coordinated promotion between the central and local governments.
"In the past, users were anxious about mileage. They couldn't run long distances in new energy vehicles and could only run in the city. Now, some expressways have built networked charging and battery exchange facilities." Xin Guobin said that to solve mileage anxiety, in addition to continuing to increase In addition to the construction of charging piles, it is also necessary to consider the issue of making full use of the existing charging piles.
The existing information management technology can be used to integrate all charging piles into one management platform and share them as much as possible.
With the continuous expansion of market capacity, the construction layout of charging piles will be more scientific and standardized.
The "Plan" also proposes to improve the service level of charging infrastructure.
Guide enterprises to jointly establish a charging facility operation service platform to realize interconnection, information sharing and unified settlement.
Strengthen the research and development of charging equipment and power distribution system safety monitoring and early warning technology, improve the safety, consistency, and reliability of charging facilities, and improve the level of service guarantee.