The Yangtze River ban is related to the survival and development of more than 230,000 fishermen——
Are the fishermen's livelihoods guaranteed?
Qiao Jinliang, reporter of Economic Daily and China Economic Net
In general, the 10 provinces (cities) along the Yangtze River have completed the task of retreating fishing boats and fishermen in key waters of the Yangtze River Basin, and the resettlement guarantee work for retreating fishermen is proceeding in an orderly manner.
Experts believe that it is necessary to increase the social security of fishermen withdrawing fishing, transfer to production and employment, the construction of grassroots fishery administration and law enforcement capacity, and the implementation of local supporting funds.
At the same time, it is necessary to improve the joint prevention and control mechanism to ensure that supervision keeps up after the fishing ban, otherwise illegal fishing will be difficult to stop.
On November 3, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs issued the "Opinions on Strengthening Employment Assistance Work in the Agriculture and Rural Areas of the Yangtze River Retreating Fishermen".
The document requires local governments to coordinate various security and support policies, provide employment assistance to unemployed fishermen who are within working age, have employability, and have a clear desire for employment in the agricultural and rural areas, and do everything possible to increase local employment opportunities for fishermen who have returned from fishing.
The Yangtze River's ban on catching and retreating from catching is related to the livelihood of more than 230,000 fishermen, involving how to "ban" key waters, how to "stabilize" fishing villages, and how to "manage" after the ban.
According to the dispatch of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, as of October 23, 119,481 fishermen in key waters of the Yangtze River Basin along the Yangtze River have been converted to employment in 10 provinces (cities), accounting for 94.44% of the number of people who need to be converted, and 168,441 people in social security, accounting for social security 98.18% of the base number of fishermen withdrawn from fishing.
In general, the 10 provinces (cities) along the Yangtze River have completed the task of retreating fishing boats and fishermen in key waters of the Yangtze River Basin, and the resettlement guarantee work for retreating fishermen is proceeding in an orderly manner.
Experts believe that it is necessary to increase the social security of fishermen withdrawing fishing, transfer to production and employment, the construction of grassroots fishery administration and law enforcement capacity, and the implementation of local supporting funds.
Implement social security——
Let the fishermen retreat to "get old age"
Doing a good job in ensuring the livelihoods of fishermen is directly related to the sustainability of fishing bans and the stability of fishing areas.
Ma'anshan City is the city with the largest number of fishermen withdrawing from the Yangtze River in Anhui Province. The city will include all eligible fishermen withdrawing from the Yangtze River into the basic pension insurance for urban and rural residents to achieve full pension insurance coverage.
With reference to the practice of participating in insurance for land-expropriated farmers, three higher levels of 1,500 yuan, 2,000 yuan, and 3,000 yuan are adopted for fishermen to choose. It is clear that benefits can be superimposed, and accounts can be transferred and merged.
Eligible fishermen aged 0 to 59 who retreat from catching will enjoy a living allowance of 200 yuan per person per month during the transition period, with a subsidy period of 2 years.
For fishermen who have returned to participate in the basic endowment insurance for urban and rural residents, the government shall pay the funds as part of the compensation for the recovery of fishing rights.
The reporter found in interviews in many places that the majority of fishermen have feelings for the Yangtze River fishery and are willing to contribute to the protection of the Yangtze River.
The implementation of social security for fishermen withdrawing fishing is progressing rapidly in various places.
However, the overall level of social security in many provinces is not high.
The income of fishermen was generally higher than that of local farmers. Some fishermen reported that they subscribed to the basic endowment insurance for urban and rural residents according to the minimum payment standard, and their monthly pensions could not meet their basic needs.
They hope to implement the fishermen’s endowment insurance with reference to the policies for land-expropriated farmers or urban flexible employment personnel, and the standard is not lower than the average subsistence allowance for local urban residents.
The good news is that, in accordance with the guidance of the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, regions with conditions are stepping up to introduce specific policies and measures to include fishermen withdrawing fishing into social security with reference to the standards of land-expropriated farmers, and strive to make social security for fishing withdrawing fishers reach the flexibility of local towns. The level of pension insurance for employees.
Jiangsu Province has included all fishermen returning from fishing in social security in accordance with the standards for land-lost farmers, and Honghu City in Hubei Province has included more than 1,000 fishermen in the reserve in the relocation plan for poverty alleviation.
Experts suggest that, in view of the large number of fishermen withdrawing fishing and heavy financial pressure in some places, relevant areas can adopt annual subsidies in terms of social security subsidies to relieve financial pressure.
In order to fully protect the rights and interests of the fishermen returning from the endowment insurance, according to the endowment insurance payment requirements, it is better to use "time for space" and implement the government subsidy "pay first and pay later". The endowment insurance subsidy funds for fishermen withdrawn from fishing have been implemented year by year for 15 years.
Promote conversion-
Let the fishermen of the Yangtze River "take a good job"
After the ban, the Yangtze River fishermen of the right age will take up new jobs, which is also a huge change in production methods.
According to statistics from the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, as of October 23, 119,481 people have been converted to employment through industrial development, employment, self-employment, and arranging public welfare positions, accounting for 94.44% of the number of jobs requiring conversion.
Among them, through fishery industry resettlement, enterprise absorption, public welfare jobs, farming and other relatively stable employment channels, 57,828 people were converted to employment, accounting for 48.40% of the people who have been converted; 61,653 people were converted to employment through other channels such as independent entrepreneurship or flexible employment. , Accounting for 51.60% of the number of people who have been converted.
On the whole, the stability of retiring fishermen’s conversion to production is relatively low, and the quality of conversion employment is not high.
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Minister Han Changfu said that more than half of the fishermen who are over 50 years old and 80% have only junior high school education, and they face many difficulties in reemployment.
In key counties where fishermen are concentrated, they need to innovate their ideas, organize fishermen to establish fisheries cooperatives, use the waters of returning land to lakes to carry out aquaculture and recreational fisheries, support participation in projects such as integrated rice and fish farming, and expand local and nearby employment opportunities. .
It is necessary to include fishermen withdrawing fishing into key employment groups, implementing free vocational skills training, and broadening employment channels through employment introductions, organized labor export, and setting up public welfare positions, so as to ensure that at least one person from each fishing fishing household achieves employment and has Relatively fixed income.
Assisting in patrolling and turning fishing into fish protection is not only an innovation in the protection of the aquatic life of the Yangtze River, but also a way to retreat fishermen into employment.
At present, in many key waters of the Yangtze River, there are assisting patrol teams composed of retreating fishermen to participate in the protection of the Yangtze River.
Yichang City, Hubei Province implemented a ban on catching funds of more than 50 million yuan. Combined with the finless porpoise patrol project, the settlement of 12 fishermen was solved and the fishermen became fish guards.
In Liuyang City, Hunan Province, fishermen jointly established a River Cleaning Co., Ltd. to undertake river cleaning and garbage removal services for some sections of the Liuyang River, and attracted a number of fishermen ashore.
The advantage of the Yangtze River fishermen is that they are familiar with fish. Although they can no longer catch the aquatic life of the Yangtze River, they can use their strengths to engage in fish farming.
In many places, retired fishermen have turned into professional farmers, and they have turned fishing on the Yangtze River into rice cultivation.
Jiangyang District, Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, in accordance with the "retired fishermen + agricultural park" benefit linkage model, encourages fishermen to take advantage of their professional advantages and supports retired fishermen to develop integrated rice-fishing, aquaculture processing, and recreational fisheries.
For retreating fishermen who are willing to develop their industries, they will be included in the cultivation of new professional farmers, and policy support and preferential policies such as discounts on agricultural secured loans will be given.
At present, there are 128 fishermen who are engaged in planting and breeding industries in the whole district.
Make up the shortcomings-
Enriching the Yangtze River Fishery Administration and Law Enforcement
Since July 1, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, together with the Ministry of Public Security, the State Administration of Market Supervision and other departments, has launched a one-year special campaign to combat illegal fishing and the sale of illegally caught fish in the Yangtze River Basin, which has achieved initial results.
However, in addition to special actions, daily supervision also needs to be strengthened.
The reporter learned that the current shortcomings are mainly daily law enforcement and supervision.
According to investigations by relevant departments, fishery law enforcement forces in counties and cities along the Yangtze River are generally weak. Among the 227 key counties involved in the Yangtze River’s ban on fishing and retreat, there are less than 100 independent or relatively independent fishery law enforcement agencies. The requirements are mismatched.
"We strengthen the construction of grass-roots law enforcement capacity and create a new pattern of fishery administration law enforcement." The person in charge of the Anhui Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs said that Anhui took the lead in introducing the "Working Plan for Strengthening the Staffing of Fishery Administration and Law Enforcement Agencies in Coastal Cities and Counties" to comprehensively strengthen fishery administration. The establishment and establishment of management, fishery law enforcement, and fishery service agencies are guaranteed. More than 1,000 establishments are guaranteed in the province, and more than 2,000 personnel are on duty.
At the same time, it actively promoted the construction of information equipment for fishery administration and law enforcement. More than 80 sets of small-target radars, multi-spectral high-definition photoelectric equipment, and a number of law enforcement boats and drones have been deployed in the Yangtze River Basin, which has improved the technical defense capabilities against illegal fishing.
Reasonably expanding the ban on catching in the Yangtze River Estuary is a key measure recently taken by relevant departments to systematically protect aquatic organisms in the Yangtze River Basin.
The Yangtze River Estuary is located in the waters at the junction of Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang with the "two provinces and one city". It is a migratory channel and key habitat for rare and endangered species such as Chinese sturgeon and Yangtze finless porpoise.
Recently, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has made special arrangements to insist on coordinating river and sea, water and land governance, expanding the scope of the estuary forbidden fishing area, strengthening long-term management measures, and consolidating the effect of resource protection; insisting on regional coordination and source prevention, and establishing a ministry and provincial work coordination mechanism. Co-management and co-governance, co-construction and sharing, strengthen prevention and control of illegal fishing from the source.
Experts suggest that the joint prevention and control mechanism should be improved to ensure that supervision should keep up after the fishing ban, otherwise illegal fishing will be difficult to stop.
It is necessary to establish a working idea of solving problems on the shore and comprehensively solving departmental problems, establish a coordination mechanism that closely cooperates with public security, fishery administration, and market supervision, improve aquatic life protection, aquatic product sales, law enforcement supervision and other work systems and mechanisms, and maintain combat against illegal fishing and The intensity of illegal transactions remains unchanged.
At the same time, actively create conditions to strengthen the construction of fishery law enforcement equipment and intelligent information systems, realize the linkage of radar, unmanned aerial vehicles, boats, and vehicles, and build a long-term monitoring mechanism that combines air defense and technology defense.