Recently, a grain depot in Jilin was found to have insect eyes in the storage of policy-oriented corn. Experts said -
Grain depot supervision must be visible and tangible
Economic Daily · China Economic Net reporter Liu Hui
At present, there are more than 10,000 policy-related grain collection and storage points nationwide, which is not only difficult to supervise, but also has great storage safety risks. In recent years, many of the quality problems of stocked grains are almost all related to the commission or lease of collection and storage points. .
Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of grain storage, it is necessary to strengthen the supervision of grain stocks, promote the normalization and scientificization of the supervision and inspection of grain stocks, and ensure that food security is visible and tangible.
Storage is the national economy, preparation is the people's livelihood, and food is safe for the world.
At the end of August, the policy-oriented corn stored in a grain depot in Jilin was found to have bug eyes, which caused people to worry about the safety of the quality of the stocked grain.
So, is the policy-related grain a reserve grain?
Why are there quality problems in inventory policy grain?
Is the storage of grain reserves in my country safe?
In response to these issues, reporters from Economic Daily and China Economic Net conducted in-depth interviews.
Policy corn is not a reserve grain
On August 28, media reported that the policy-oriented corn in the grain depot of Shaoguo Township, Da'an Grain Center, Jilin Province had bug eyes.
That night, a joint investigation team composed of the Jilin Provincial Bureau of Grain and Material Reserves and China Grain Reserve Jilin Branch rushed to the grain depot to conduct an investigation overnight.
According to reports, insect pests are one of the important factors that threaten the safe storage of food. In the past, chemical insecticides were used to prevent and control stored grain pests. In order to reduce the frequency of drug fumigation, some grain depots now adopt new green grain storage technologies such as nitrogen gas controlled grain storage. .
Judging from the preliminary survey results released by China Grain Reserves, Da’an Grain Central Depot Shaoguo Town Grain Depot is a subsidiary of Jilin Province Agricultural Investment Group Co., Ltd. and participated in the 2015 National Temporary Storage of Corn. It was sold in the auction organized by the National Grain Exchange Center on 23rd.
On August 6, the grain depot of Shaoguo Town found insects and grains during the daily grain inspection, and immediately took preventive and control measures, and started fumigating the batch of corn on August 26.
Although the warehouse took preventive measures after discovering the situation of insects and grains, it failed to remove and treat them in time in accordance with relevant regulations.
The grain depot of Shaoguo Town undertakes the task of national policy-oriented grain purchasing and storage, and is the main body of management responsibility.
The investigation team has instructed Jilin Agricultural Investment Group Co., Ltd. to rectify the problems in the management of the grain depot in Shaoguo Town, and deal with the relevant persons in charge seriously.
It is worth noting that some people on the Internet confuse the temporary storage of corn with the government's reserve grain, thinking that there is a problem with the quality of my country's reserve grain storage.
In fact, whether it is the one-time reserve corn with quality problems in Zhaodong City, Heilongjiang in July, or the temporary reserve corn stored in the grain depot of Shaoguo Town, Da'an Grain Central Depot, Jilin Province in August, all belong to the state policy grain, not the central reserve grain. Nor is it a local reserve of grain.
my country’s grain has been harvested year after year and the stocks are sufficient. The current policy-based grain stocks are very considerable.
Qin Yuyun, director of the Reserve Department of the State Bureau of Grain and Material Reserves, said that my country's grain stocks are composed of government reserves, policy stocks and corporate commercial stocks.
Government reserves include central grain reserves and local grain reserves. They are the "ballast stone" for keeping the bottom line, stabilizing expectations, and ensuring safety.
Policy-related grains include minimum purchase price grains, national temporary storage grains, and national one-off grain reserves.
The business inventory of an enterprise is a turnover stock that the enterprise needs to establish to maintain its operations.
Among them, the national temporary storage of grain is the grain purchased by the state in accordance with the temporary purchase and storage policy since 2007. In 2016, the state abolished the temporary purchase and storage policy of corn and accelerated the destocking of temporary storage corn. At present, there are still some temporary storage corn stocks that are not yet available. Digested.
At the same time, the state’s disposable grain reserves are temporary reserves and do not increase the size of the reserves.
The policy-related corn incident in Zhaodong City, Heilongjiang is the one-time reserve corn purchased and stored in 2016.
Strengthen supervision to reduce risks
According to reports, both central grain reserves and national policy grains belong to the central authority. China Grain Reserves Corporation is responsible for the management of central grain reserves and is also the main body of the implementation of policy grain purchase and storage policies.
The management model of central grain reserve and national policy grain is completely different. China Grain reserves the right to vertically manage central grain reserves. Under the condition of limited storage capacity, it implements the entrusted management method for some policy grain management, entrusting local state-owned grain enterprises or leasing Social storage capacity storage.
At present, there are more than 10,000 policy-related grain commissioned storage points nationwide, and the proportion of policy-based grain stored in commissioned depots accounted for more than 90%. There are many points and a wide range. Not only is it difficult to supervise, but also hidden dangers to storage safety. In recent years, many of the quality problems of stocked grains are almost all related to the entrusted or leased collection and storage points.
In this regard, the relevant person in charge of the China Grain Reserve Corporation stated that the entrusted collection and storage points have no affiliation with China National Grain, and only the entrusted procurement and storage contract is constrained by the undertaking and storage enterprises. The supervision and control methods of China National Grain Storage are extremely limited. Therefore, policy-based grain supervision and risk prevention and control are current The focus and difficulties faced by China Grain Storage are also major challenges that China Grain Storage must deal with to improve its governance capabilities.
The reporter learned during the interview that in order to strengthen supervision and reduce risk incidents, China National Grain Reserves cooperates with local grain administrative departments and the Agricultural Development Bank to continuously strengthen supervision and promote the implementation of local government territorial management responsibilities and the main responsibility of storage enterprises.
At the same time, China Grain has strengthened the comprehensive management and control measures of "four in one" of air defense, technical defense, legal defense and economic defense.
In terms of civil air defense, full implementation of warehouse supervision; in terms of technical defense, full coverage of remote monitoring, full link management and control, and traceability of the entire process; in terms of legal defense, confirmation of grain rights through notarization and publicity , Timely notify local governments and the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission and other departments; in terms of economic precautions, strictly implement measures such as performance bond, asset mortgage, and city and county joint guarantees to prevent storage companies from breaking regulations.
Grain has "life", and the quality of stored grain will naturally deteriorate with the extension of storage time.
In order to ensure that it is always fresh, my country has implemented a regular rotation system for reserve grains, but it does not implement a regular rotation system for national policy grains, but implements auction sales according to the arrangements of relevant state departments.
Since the beginning of this year, high-frequency auctions of policy-related grains have been organized, with a large number of transactions and concentrated outbound tasks.
In order to ensure the effective supervision of policy grains and smooth delivery, the China Grain Storage Organization conducts a dragnet inspection of the inventory of policy grains, strictly controls the qualification of the designated storage points, and resolutely excludes the storage points that do not meet the qualification requirements from the scope of purchase and storage. .
Effectively strengthen the management of sales out of the warehouse, strictly enforce the outgoing discipline, and resolutely prohibit arbitrary or disguised charges for outgoing warehouses.
In all policy-oriented grain collection and storage points, the telephone number of the report was announced in obvious locations, and special personnel were arranged to keep records, deal with them in a timely manner, and consciously accept social supervision, thus maintaining the overall stability of policy-oriented grain management and destocking.
The quality of stocks is generally good
Good management and use of stocks of grain is a powerful measure to build a solid foundation for food security.
The results of the 2019 national policy grain inventory quantity and quality inventory released in May of this year show that the national policy grain inventory accounts are basically consistent, the inventory quantity is basically true and reliable, the quality is generally good, and the inventory grain storage is generally safe.
"This large-scale inventory has fully figured out the inventory status, and established a national policy-based grain inventory quantity and quality database by region, nature, variety, location, and location, and communicated to the Party Central Committee, the State Council and the people across the country. A tangible "clear account" has laid a solid foundation for the prevention and control of the new crown pneumonia epidemic this year, as well as food supply and stable prices." said the head of the Law Enforcement Inspection Bureau of the National Grain and Material Reserves Bureau.
To ensure the safety of grain storage, it is necessary to strengthen the supervision of grain stocks and promote the normalization and scientificization of the supervision and inspection of grain stocks.
In addition to regular inspections conducted in spring and autumn every year, relevant departments have carried out numerous national grain inventory inspections since 2001, which have played an important role in improving grain inventory management, accurately grasping the quantity and quality of grain inventory, and improving the level of food security.
The fundamental way to ensure food storage security lies in science and technology.
At present, my country's grain storage capacity has exceeded 300 million tons, and tall flat warehouses, shallow garden warehouses, and vertical silos have become mainstream warehouse types.
Based on the extensive use of mechanical ventilation, circulation fumigation, grain cooling and grain condition monitoring "four-in-one" grain storage technology, grain depots in various regions have strengthened the construction of intelligent grain depots, and adopted nitrogen gas regulation technology and internal circulation temperature control technology. New grain storage technology has effectively reduced grain losses.
For example, the central grain reserve technology has a grain storage coverage rate of more than 98%, the appropriate storage rate is stable at more than 95%, and the comprehensive loss rate is controlled within 1%.
However, some places also have prominent problems such as many old and dangerous warehouses, high potential safety hazards, backward grain storage technology, and difficult supervision.
The relevant person in charge of the State Bureau of Grain and Material Reserves stated that it is necessary to deepen the innovation of the food science and technology system and mechanism, implement the strategy of "Science and Technology to Prosper Grain", implement the "Modern Granary" innovation action, and continue to promote the construction of grain storage and logistics facilities and the intelligent upgrading of grain depots , Fully implement the “Internet +” action, continue to promote the construction of digital and intelligent grain depots, gradually realize the “penetrating” management of stocked grain, strengthen the grain depot supervision ability, and ensure that the stored grain is visible and well managed.