past
6:4 pattern of scattered households and scale farms
now
Large-scale farms accounted for 53.8%, more than half for the first time
next year
It is predicted that the proportion of free-range breeding and large-scale breeding in our province will become 4:6
Factor
Why do scattered households wait and see and withdraw? For fear of not being able to feed, the African swine fever epidemic, which has not yet had a vaccine, will return. Second, I am afraid of not making money. The cost of raising pigs is still high and the future direction of the market is unclear.
Action
It is necessary to normalize the prevention and control of the African swine fever epidemic, strengthen financial support, and promote new industrial models to diversify and reduce the risks of individual farmers.
"At this price, raising a head can earn one or two thousand yuan." On August 8, Yang Junxing of Longxing Village, Beigu Township, Chuanshan District, Suining saw a piece of news: According to the monitoring of the National Agricultural Products Wholesale Market Price Information System of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, In the 33rd week of this year (August 7th to 13th), the price of pork was 48.71 yuan/kg, a year-on-year increase of 83.5%. But Yang Junxing has no regrets. He said that not raising pigs means worrying less.
Among the dozens of free-range pig farmers visited by reporters recently, nearly half of them chose like Yang Junxing.
For a long time, the scale of Sichuan's “the largest province for pigs in the country” has been based on a large group of scattered farmers. So, why are the free-range farmers waiting and even quitting this round of resumption of production? In the future, how will the enthusiasm of free-range households be guaranteed?
□Our reporter Shi Xiaolu and Wang Chengdong
For the first time, the proportion of large-scale farms out of slaughter exceeds that of scattered farmers
“I have raised pigs for half my life, and this is the first time.” Speaking of the topic of reluctance to raise pigs, 63-year-old Sun Jishu intuitively feels that no one in the village's WeChat group talks about partnering to buy feed, and no one talks about pigs. The farmer in Baishi Village, Banmiao Town, Pingchang County, Bazhong City, said that the scattered farmers in nearby villages and towns have basically "washed their feet and landed ashore."
In contrast, the surrounding large-scale breeding farms continue to be put into production. Among them, the largest is the Lanrun Group's pig industry chain project signed in June last year. After the project is put into production, it will produce 2 million heads a year-equivalent to half of Bazhong's annual production.
"To be honest, this result is quite unexpected." Mentioned the "one retreat and one entry" of the free-range households and large-scale farms, the relevant person in charge of the Provincial Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau said.
When Sichuan pig production resumed last year, our province made it clear that “grasping the big and not letting go of the small”, that is, grasping the construction and commissioning of large-scale breeding farms with more than 500 pigs per year, but does not relax the pace of resuming production of scattered farmers. Since last year, our province has introduced eight measures of financial support to stabilize pig production and other encouraging and guiding policies for scattered farmers.
Many scattered farmers also admit that last year has been the most targeted and targeted time period for Sichuan to support pig farmers in recent years.
But the result is not optimistic. Statistics show that with the resumption of production this round, the large-scale trend of Sichuan pig production is obvious. In the first half of the year, the slaughter volume of live pigs from scattered farmers has dropped from 60% of the province’s total slaughter volume to 46.2%. This is also the first time in the history of Sichuan that the proportion of large-scale farms (more than 500 animals produced per year) has surpassed that of individual farmers.
Live pig farmers have "two fears": they can't feed or make money
Why do scattered households wait and see and withdraw? The reporter visited and found that there were two reasons: fear of not being able to feed and not making money.
The fear of not being able to feed is the fear that the African swine fever epidemic, which has not yet had a vaccine, will return. "As long as there is one case, there will be no pigs left in the whole village." said Zhou Ming, a farmer in the eastern slopes of Meishan District. He suffered from African swine fever when he was raising pigs in other places the year before. He had just purchased hundreds of piglets and dozens of piglets that were about to be released. All the fattening pigs were culled overnight, and the initial estimated loss was nearly 200,000 yuan.
Even if they can survive, the farmers are afraid of not making money. Because the cost of raising pigs remains high and the future of the market is unclear.
Jiang Xueyou, a breeder in Sihe Township, Jingyan County, Leshan, said that the local 8 kg piglet sells for 1,600 yuan, which is equal to the price of a fat pig for slaughter all year round, and the cost of feed is constantly reaching new highs.
The Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs monitored that on August 13, the average piglet price in the province was 104 yuan/kg, an increase of about 50% compared to February. At the same time, feed prices have also entered an upward path. At present, the market price of corn has reached 2.6 yuan/kg, which is higher than the price of wheat in the same period.
"Now that 10 heads are supplemented, plus labor, the cost to sell is nearly 40,000 yuan." Jiang Xueyou said that now is the most expensive period of local meat prices in recent years, and it is also the period of highest breeding cost.
High cost, naturally mind the price trend. "The price of meat will fall for a long time, how fast? These two are not clear, so I won't take the risk." said Li Xiang, a farmer in the beach area of Zigong who has raised pigs for 15 years. Even if the price of pork is rising slightly now, he still wants to Wait and see for a while. This is because it takes five to six months for a piglet to be restocked and released. During this period, if the market changes abruptly, you may lose money.
"No one can make a final conclusion on the direction of the live pig market." He Zhiping, vice president of the Provincial Academy of Animal Sciences, said. From the supply side, the production capacity of live pigs is constantly recovering. "Sichuan and other major pig-raising provinces are speeding up restocking." However, on the demand side, there are many uncontrollable factors such as the new crown epidemic, the recovery of the catering industry and the tourism industry.
Insurance + new industry model is expected to reduce risks and losses
"From the perspective of the entire industry, scale is the only way to transform. However, from the perspective of Sichuan Province and traditions, free-range households will not and cannot all withdraw." said Li Xuewei, a professor at Sichuan Agricultural University, whether it is for the moment. Whether to complete the 60 million first-year slaughter task, to promote the increase of agricultural income, or to stabilize the Sichuan pig production and market conditions in the future, we cannot give up the free-range farmers.
On August 14, Sichuan gave the answer at the teleconference on the restoration of pig production in the province: In the future, we must normalize the prevention and control of African swine fever, strengthen financial support, and promote new industrial models to decentralize , Reduce the risk of free-range households.
"The prevention and control of African swine fever is currently the top priority to ensure the resumption of production of Sichuan pigs." Hu Xiangqian, deputy director of the Provincial Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau, introduced that the province has established a county, township, and village three-level epidemic prevention personnel + slaughter composed of 132,000 people. The official veterinary grid management system stationed in the field has organized three-level animal disease prevention and control classes at the provincial, municipal and county levels. At the same time, 862 highway and inter-provincial highway entrance checkpoints have been established to strictly prevent the import and spread of African swine fever.
The most important way of financial support is insurance.
According to the relevant person in charge of the Office of the Provincial Party Committee’s Rural Work Leading Group Office, our province is planning to increase the coverage of live pig insurance. In the first half of the year, through government subsidies and capital contributions from farmers, the province has insured a total of 13.448 million live pigs, with an insurance amount of 12.373 billion yuan. .
The new industrial model realizes "shared benefits and shared risks" for scattered households and leading enterprises. "Mainly promote the model of'farmers + cooperatives + leading enterprises', and spread the risks that were only borne by the individual farmers to different participants." The relevant person in charge of the Provincial Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau said, "Only in this way, the risk of individual farmers Only confidence can be raised."