How does China's economy move towards a higher level of high-quality development
At present, China's economy has entered a stage of high-quality development. In this new stage of development, what new issues and challenges are facing China's economic development? How can the Chinese economy make better use of its own advantages and conditions, solve the problem of unbalanced and insufficient development, and strive to move towards a higher level of high-quality development?
High-quality development faces new issues
"The external environment of China's economic development has undergone profound changes." Liu Yuanchun, vice president of Renmin University of China, said that in the face of the new patterns and new laws emerging from globalization, it is necessary to strategically reconstruct the development mode; the economic development trend has already taken place. Some fundamental changes, especially in the stage of leapfrog development, how to build a "new development pattern with domestic and international cycles as the main body and mutual promotion of domestic and international double cycles" are issues that China faces after entering the stage of high-quality development.
According to Li Wenpu, a professor at the School of Economics at Xiamen University, it is of great significance for China's economy to shift from a stage of rapid growth to a stage of high-quality development. However, the ideological understanding of some leading cadres is still stuck in the inertia of thinking in pursuit of the speed and scale of development in the past, and they have not realized that the problems faced by the transition from upper-middle income to high-income economies are significantly different from the past. "If you can't fully understand the deep connotation of high-quality development, it will impede high-quality development." Li Wenpu said.
Wang Bin, associate professor of the Economics Department of the Party School of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (National School of Administration), said that China's economy has entered a stage of high-quality development, which means that the past models, powers and methods of promoting economic development will change. From the perspective of economic growth momentum, from factor-driven to innovation-driven, the traditional way of investment to promote economic growth no longer meets the new requirements; from the perspective of economic growth mode, the transition from extensive to intensive, green, low-carbon sustainable development is economic development New model: From the perspective of the development path, the focus of economic growth is to increase total factor productivity, shift from the demand side to the supply side, deepen supply side reforms, and improve factor production efficiency.
In the opinion of Xu Hongcai, deputy director of the Economic Policy Committee of the China Policy Research Institute, entering the stage of high-quality development, China's economy is facing new issues of accelerating the transformation of its development mode. "We must rely on scientific and technological innovation and institutional innovation to release the potential for economic development; accelerate the transformation to a domestic demand-driven, and promote the formation of a new pattern of'double cycle'." Xu Hongcai said.
Feng Qiaobin, deputy director of the Macroeconomic Research Department of the Development Research Center of the State Council, said that through the practice of these years, coupled with the current new situations and problems facing international and domestic development, people are more deeply aware that the vitality of China’s economy in the future lies in the ability to innovate. At the stage of quality development, China’s economy must focus on “innovation”, especially the integration of manufacturing, information technology, and Internet applications; the integration of service industry and high-end manufacturing; and the integration of digital economy and real economy. At the same time, we must strive to expand domestic demand and activate the domestic market; fully understand the importance of opening up to the outside world, and strive to maintain close ties with the international market.
Development potential and advantages are still
Entering the stage of high-quality development has brought many new issues and challenges to the Chinese economy. We still have many advantages and potentials in the journey of promoting China's economy to a higher level of high-quality development.
Li Wenpu said that the Chinese nation is one of the most industrious and intelligent nations in the world. After the reform and opening up, under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the Chinese people only took about five years to solve the food problem. Before China joined the WTO in 2001, China's per capita GDP was less than US$1,000, and in 2019, the per capita GDP has exceeded US$10,000. This fully shows that as long as we find the right direction, choose the right path, and earnestly work towards the direction of high-quality development, there will be no difficulties that can hardly overwhelm the Chinese nation, and there will be no difficulties that can prevent the Chinese economy from rising to a higher level.
Wang Bin believes that China's economy has advantages in scale and a large economic aggregate, making it the second largest economy in the world. The market is large and has a large consumption market with a population of 1.4 billion, among which 400 million middle-income groups have great consumption potential. The industrial system is sound, the output of major industrial products ranks among the top in the world, the industrial chain is complete, and the advantages of industrial agglomeration are obvious. The economic development stages and income levels between the eastern, central, western and northeastern regions show a certain gradient, and the regional economy is resilient and has a large room for maneuver. The supply of human capital is abundant. There are millions of college graduates every year, with high-quality industrial workers who can provide abundant human resources for economic development. The long-term accumulation of material foundation is very strong, and my country's high-speed rail operating mileage has reached 36,000 kilometers, ranking first in the world.
"We also have unique institutional advantages. The socialist system with Chinese characteristics can concentrate our efforts on major tasks, give full play to the advantages of the nationwide system under market economic conditions, and concentrate superior resources to support key core technological breakthroughs. These are important for China's economic stability and long-term development. Support." Wang Bin said.
Feng Qiaobin believes that the world today is undergoing major changes unseen in a century, the international environment is becoming increasingly complex, and the instability and uncertainty are obviously increasing. This will force us to further understand the situation and find the direction of high-quality development. And through the accumulation since the reform and opening up, we have formed a strong material foundation, have a huge domestic demand market, a complete industrial system and industrial categories, and a deeper understanding and understanding of the market economy, which will also achieve high-quality development for the Chinese economy. Provide important support. Liu Yuanchun also believes that "the elasticity, resilience and vitality of China's economy have been demonstrated no matter from the supply level, the demand level, or the institutional foundation level."
Work hard to open a new game in the changing game
How to move towards a higher level of high-quality development? Experts generally believe that we must be good at cultivating new opportunities in crises and opening new games amidst changes.
"Accelerating the advancement of higher-level and high-quality development requires three major transformations: from quantity to quality, from scale growth to structural optimization, and from factor-driven to innovation-driven." Wang Bin suggested that one must be comprehensive. Deepen reforms, build systems and mechanisms for high-quality development, give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, and better play the role of the government. In particular, it is necessary to deepen the reform of land, labor, and property rights systems to achieve optimal allocation of factor resources. The second is to expand the level of all-round opening to the outside world, realize the transformation from the opening of commodity and factor flow to the institutional opening of rules, formulate and implement a negative list system, promote the level of trade and investment liberalization and facilitation, and stabilize the basic market of foreign trade and foreign investment. High-quality joint construction of the "Belt and Road". The third is to improve scientific and technological innovation capabilities, create a good atmosphere for scientific and technological innovation, increase support for innovation policies, stably support basic and applied research, promote outstanding entrepreneurship, and stimulate social creativity.
"In promoting higher-level and high-quality development, the government, enterprises, and society must work together." Feng Qiaobin suggested that the central government should first coordinate the overall situation, strengthen the top-level design, and further straighten out the relationship between the central and local governments to mobilize the enthusiasm of local governments. Second, we must give full play to the role of enterprises. Enterprises are the main body of production, operation and R&D activities. They must strive to create a good business environment and encourage enterprises to increase investment in innovation. The third is to better achieve full coverage of basic public services, strive to create an environment for the masses to dare and willing to consume, increase consumption capacity, and expand a broader market space for high-quality development.
Liu Yuanchun suggested that from a strategic perspective, we must clearly recognize the new development pattern of globalization in the next 5 to 20 years, and formulate new policies based on this new pattern and laws. At the same time, it is necessary to carry out some strategic restructuring and redeployment based on continuous deepening of reforms.
"We still have to adhere to the general tone of the work of seeking progress while maintaining stability, adhere to the supply-side structural reform as the main line, continue to innovate, forge ahead, and promote high-quality development." Xu Hongcai said that we are still in a period of strategic opportunities and still have to maintain Strategic determination, hard work, proper handling of international and domestic issues, and promote higher-level and high-quality development.
"Working hard to do things in China is the greatest contribution to the world. We still have to pay more attention to domestic economic development." Li Wenpu said that in promoting higher-level and high-quality development, we must adhere to "self-centeredness." , To continuously improve the accumulation of human capital, meet the needs of the people for a better life, and unblock the domestic and international "dual cycle"; at the same time, we must unswervingly promote reforms, continue to expand opening up, and continue to increase development motivation and vitality. (Economic Daily · China Economic Net reporter Lin Huocan Guo Cunju)