One mu of land increases income by 300 to 400 yuan, the mechanization rate of China's three major staple foods exceeds 80%

　　Datian new agricultural machinery harvests to add momentum (autumn grain exploration and tracking high quality)

　　In the past few days, farmers in Nanzhou Village, Nanzhou Town, Nanxian County, Hunan Province rushed to harvest and rush to plant after the rain. After the shrimps were harvested, the seedlings went to the fields, and the fields were covered with a layer of tender green gauze.

　　"This year's heavy rains, thanks to new agricultural machinery, robbed time." said Ou Shuqiu, head of the Jinguo Rice Planting Cooperative. Machine harvesting and planting of rice are not uncommon, but the rice and shrimp in the cooperative are used as a base. The fields are small and there are shrimp seedlings. Can it be mechanized?

　　A technology promotion organized by the county made Ou Shuqiu's eyes bright: "This is a new walking machine suitable for rice and shrimp fields. It will not hurt the shrimp, and save labor and money!"

　　Ou Shuqiu detailed the benefits of mechanization: the cooperative’s 500 acres of rice and shrimp fields, the early rice harvesting was at least 7 days faster, and the late rice planting in advance to avoid meteorological disasters. In addition, machine harvesting and machine insertion save 30% of the cost per mu of land compared to labor. Also, compared to direct seeding, machine-transplanted seedlings have stronger lodging resistance, and the yield per mu is more than 100 catties higher. The government also subsidizes 100 yuan per mu for machine transplantation. "Look, if you count inside and out, one acre of land can increase income by three to four hundred yuan!"

　　Agricultural machinery drove into the rice and shrimp fields, and the cooperative caught an express train to increase revenue. Last summer, other people’s rice fields had already been drained and sprinkled with rice seeds, but the Jinguo Rice Cultivation Cooperative caught shrimp for 10 more days. "Drain the water one day later, and the market period of the shrimp can be extended by one day, and the income will be several hundred yuan." Ou Shuqiu said the mystery.

　　The cooperative not only uses rice transplanters, but also the Internet of Things. Ou Shuqiu sighed: "Now I don't look at the sky and farming. Farming is equipped with clairvoyance and Shunfeng ears. The temperature, humidity, and salt content in the water are all on the display. It is clear whether it is suitable for the growth of rice and shrimp seedlings. "

　　In Nanxian County, machine transplanting rice and shrimp fields is increasingly recognized by farmers. “There are currently 707 rice transplanters in the county, with an area of ​​34,700 hectares of rice transplanted, and the transplanting rate has reached 51%,” said Chen Wenqing, director of the Nanxian Agricultural Machinery Affairs Center. At present, the scale of rice and shrimp cultivation in the county has reached 550,000 mu, with an annual output of 100,000 tons of crayfish and 250,000 tons of "rice and shrimp", with a comprehensive output value of more than 10 billion yuan.

　　The new model helps to increase "status." Ou Shuqiu said: "In the past, rice was dragged to the rice market for two or three yuan per catty. Now the company has signed an order to come to the cooperative to buy rice and shrimp. The bottom price of rice is 8 yuan per catty."

　　Nan County has established a rice and shrimp product quality supervision and traceability platform, which not only realizes the real-time detection of agricultural products, but also conducts big data analysis. Liao Juan, general manager of Hunan Agricultural Science and Technology Company, opened his mobile app and introduced to reporters: "Look, you can see where a bag of rice and a box of shrimp are produced, what kind of land, and what fertilizers are applied. Each product must go through two checkpoints: factory self-inspection and supervision and random inspection, so you can eat with confidence!"

　　"Without agricultural mechanization, there would be no agricultural modernization." Wang Jiayun, deputy director of the Department of Agricultural Mechanization Management of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that at present, the comprehensive mechanization rate of crop cultivation and harvest in China has reached 70%, and the mechanization rate of the three major staple foods of wheat, rice and corn exceeds 80%. %, basically achieved mechanization.

　　"The continuous upgrading of new agricultural machinery has greatly reduced the cost of food production and improved the ability of crops to resist risks." said Kong Xiangzhi, a professor at the School of Agriculture and Rural Development of Renmin University of China. In the first half of this year, adverse factors such as poor weather conditions and serious pests and diseases were affected. In order to achieve a bumper summer grain harvest, the support of agricultural infrastructure is inseparable.

　　Smart agricultural machinery is equipped with a "brain", broadcast and broadcast are synchronized, "three summers" become "two summers"

　　In Wulu Village, Xinyan Town, Yanzhou District, Jining City, Shandong Province, in the harvested wheat stubble field, two stubble subsoil fertilization precision planters are planting corn. One harvester and two planters work at the same time, sowing seed and fertilizer together, and the daily work volume reaches more than 100 mu.

　　"550 acres of land, summer harvest and summer planting can be completed in 4 days, so worry-free!" Cao Yunguo, the person in charge of Yunguo Family Farm, said happily.

　　"There are planters for sowing, drones for spraying medicine, smart irrigation machines for watering, harvesters for harvesting, and dryers for transporting to warehouses. From planting to harvesting, the whole process is mechanized. New agricultural machinery is getting smarter and smarter. Unambiguous!” Cao Yunguo said, unlike traditional combine harvesters, smart terminals are installed on the new harvesters to record the running time, harvest volume, trajectory and other data in real time. The production progress is clear at the end of the day.

　　Regarding the harvest of summer grains, Cao Yunguo is full of confidence: “The average wheat yield per mu last year was 1,280 kilograms, this year it reached about 1,300 kilograms, and a good plot of land reached 1,500 kilograms per mu. According to this method, autumn crops are not bad.”

　　According to the data from the third agricultural census, the number of small farmers in the country accounted for more than 98% of the agricultural business entities. "From the current stage, family operations based on small farmers are still the main form of agricultural production. It is not realistic for small farmers to buy complete sets of machinery. The key is to promote the shared use of agricultural machinery." Wang Jiayun said, on the one hand, we must rationally arrange cross-regional machinery. On the other hand, it is necessary to rely on new agricultural business entities such as agricultural machinery cooperatives to solve the problem of socialized agricultural machinery services for small farmers.

　　"As soon as the pilot came, the'three summers' changed to'two summers', the wheat was harvested cleanly, and the corn was sowed." Looking at his own wheat fields, Lu Chengfeng, a grain grower in Dayuzhu Village, Xinyan Town, smiled. This year, he purchased wheat and corn for full mechanized services, at a cost of 186 yuan per mu, and a government subsidy of 100 yuan, saving labor and money.

　　"This year's "Three Summer" production, many cooperatives have installed smart terminals on agricultural machinery to monitor the quality of sowing. Once the depth is not qualified, the smart platform will promptly remind the operators." Li Jian, principal of the Agricultural Machinery School of the District Agricultural Machinery Service Center, introduced .

　　In Yanzhou, relying on the 58 agricultural machinery cooperatives in the whole district, the agricultural machinery department promotes the “one-stop” service model of machine-receiving, machine-seeding and sowing, such as order operations, contract operations, and seed harvesting. "Through the full mechanized operation and efficient social service, the operation time is shortened, the harvesting and sowing are synchronized, and the seeding is rushed, which increases the growth time of autumn crops, and lays a solid foundation for the harvest of autumn crops." Yanzhou District Agricultural Technology Extension Station Director Wang Yan said.

　　Improve the subsidy policy, optimize supporting services, and let the "big guys" better show their skills

　　Guan Penghe, 29 years old this year, is an agricultural machine operator in Xinglongzhuang Street, Yanzhou District. He has been engaged in agricultural machinery operations for 10 years and has become a well-known "Agricultural Machinery".

　　In order to improve the quality of service, Guan Penghe's agricultural machinery cooperative replaces a batch of agricultural machinery every year. This year the cooperative bought a new self-propelled grain combine harvester. When he talked about the new equipment, he said: "The old machine drum is a horizontal axis, which is prone to congestion of wheat straw. Now it has become a vertical axis. The crushed straw is evenly scattered. Easy to pile up."

　　"Don't look at this machine costing 160,000 yuan. It can be used for multiple purposes, and it will pay back in two years." Just after the busy wheat harvest season, Guan Penghe skillfully adjusted the header, replaced the concave screen, cleaned the parts, and the machine. After the "transformation", crops such as millet, beans, and corn can be harvested in autumn.

　　Agricultural mechanization is inseparable from policy support. Wang Jiayun said that agricultural machinery purchase subsidies are an important policy for strengthening farmers and benefiting farmers. Since 2004, the central government has increased its support for agricultural mechanization, with a cumulative investment of more than 230 billion yuan, and supporting 35 million farmers to purchase more than 45 million agricultural machinery ( set). This year, the central government will also allocate special funds from the agricultural machinery purchase subsidy funds to provide appropriate subsidies for scrapped and old agricultural machinery, optimize the structure of agricultural machinery and equipment, and promote the transformation and upgrading of agricultural mechanization and the green development of agriculture.

　　"At present, the promotion of agricultural mechanization urgently needs to make up for three shortcomings: key crops, key links, and key regions." Kong Xiangzhi explained that key crops refer to sugarcane in the southwest region, rapeseed in the Jianghan Plain and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River; key links such as rice The key areas mainly refer to the hilly and mountainous areas. Due to the scattered and changeable topography, there are difficulties in farming machinery and operations. "Therefore, it is necessary to accelerate the transformation of farmland in hilly and mountainous areas to be mechanized, and guide scientific research units and enterprises to develop and promote the efficient agricultural machinery required for the production of specialty crops.

　　"From market feedback, in recent years, new agricultural entities have continuously increased their demand for fully mechanized and intelligent agricultural machinery." Li Po, deputy director of the Science and Technology Development and Cooperation Department of Lovol Heavy Industries, said that the future research and development direction of agricultural machinery will be based on Beidou. Based on satellite navigation technology, combined with intelligent precision operation decision-making system and crop growth information throughout the process, the level of precision and unmanned operation is improved.

　　The talent team must keep up with the replacement of agricultural machinery. "The drone has a high degree of automation, and a clever boy can get started in less than a day." said Yan Jie, the head of the Nanxian Nongyou Agricultural Machinery Cooperative. Starting in 2017, the pilot training school opened by the cooperative has added drone flying. Hand training classes are very popular. Shandong implements the agricultural machinery talent cultivation project, and will build 50 "full-scale, high-quality and efficient" agricultural mechanization demonstration counties by 2020.

　　"There are more and more'big guys' in the fields, and the harvest will be more confident!" Yan Jie said confidently.

　　Drawing: Cai Huawei

Our reporter Yu Jingxian, Sun Chao, Xiao Jiaxin