Expert analysis of vulgar and vulgar content still appears after a number of live broadcast platforms have been interviewed
Why does the Internet celebrity anchor dare to play the "side ball"
● The State Cyberspace Administration of China, in conjunction with relevant departments, recently conducted a comprehensive inspection of the content ecology of 31 major domestic webcasting platforms. 10 webcasting platforms had problems spreading vulgar and vulgar content, and were interviewed and dealt with in accordance with the law. But overall, although various platforms have undergone rectification to varying degrees, there are still some vulgar and vulgar content
● At present, there is a lack of clear definitions and criteria for judging vulgar, vulgar, and vulgar content, which has caused many anchors to constantly play the "side ball". In addition, vulgar content can easily satisfy people's primary physiological demands, anchors can easily get more attention, and platforms can get more benefits. If the punishment is much lower than the benefits they get, some anchors would rather take risks.
● To rectify the vulgar and vulgar content of the live broadcast platform, we can start from the following four aspects: increase the access threshold of the anchor; the live broadcast platform effectively fulfills the main responsibility, timely discovers and stops the illegal information; implements the anchor blacklist system; And the penalties for the host’s violations of laws and regulations
Our reporter Han Dandong
Intern Yin Yushuang
Not long ago, the National Cyberspace Administration of China, in conjunction with relevant departments, conducted a comprehensive inspection of the content ecology of 31 major domestic webcasting platforms, and found that the above-mentioned platforms generally have poor content ecology, and there are problems of vulgar content to varying degrees.
After the inspection, the National Cyberspace Administration of China instructed the territorial Cyberspace Administration of China to discuss the above-mentioned platform companies in accordance with laws and regulations. Depending on the circumstances of the violations, the relevant platforms will stop the main channel content update, suspend the registration of new users, rectify within a time limit, and instruct the platform to deal with the relevant persons in charge. And other handling measures, and included some illegal network anchors into the cross-platform banned blacklist.
In fact, the problem of vulgar and vulgar content on live broadcast platforms is nothing new. For many years, this problem has always been a cancer that deteriorates the network ecological environment. Why is the vulgar and vulgar content of the webcasting platform unstoppable? How should vulgar content be rectified next? A reporter from "Legal Daily" conducted an interview.
Vulgar content still exists
Vulgarly dressed in revealing barrage
On June 23, the National Cyberspace Administration of China, Beijing Cyberspace Administration of China, and Guangdong Cyberspace Administration of China announced that they had interviewed 10 webcasting platforms such as Huya and Douyu in accordance with the law, and required 3 platforms including Huajiao Live to make rectification within a time limit. Suspend new user registration and comprehensively clean up illegal content.
"Legal Daily" reporters watched the live broadcast and found that on the recommendation pages of some live broadcast platforms, some of the more sexy live broadcast cover pictures could still be seen. After entering the live broadcast room, some female anchors could still be seen in sexy costumes.
Among them, Huajiao Live, as a dedicated live broadcast platform, this phenomenon is more serious. Most of the content refreshed in its sub-column "Dynamics" are hot dance clips released by female anchors, and the content is very provocative; while the sub-column "Hot" The live broadcast cover picture in, is full of ambiguous pictures that highlight the curves of women's bodies, and there are some vulgar and vulgar content in the bullet screen.
After being interviewed, platforms such as Douyu and Huya ceased the update of recommended channels and the registration of new users in the early morning of June 23, and the announcement of rectification and suspension of updates was also issued on the homepage.
On June 24, Huya Live officially announced that the platform will carry out a 6-month special rectification action on the platform ecology, and will rectify and crack down on related bad information, title parties, malicious hype and other violations. In addition, the platform will also be launched. "Positive Energy Evaluation System" and "Anchor Credit Score System".
"Legal Daily" reporters recently logged on to these two platforms and found that they can browse the updated content of the channel normally, but the live recommendation pages of these two platforms are still mainly female anchors, and there are still female anchors wearing sexy clothes. There are also some highly suggestive remarks in the comments section of the hot dance clips in the live broadcast room. Even if there is no dance movement, the female anchor who only shows the upper body sitting in front of the camera live broadcasts is also more exposed, most of the skin is exposed in front of the camera.
Overall, although various platforms have undergone rectification to varying degrees, there are still some vulgar and vulgar content.
"Legal Daily" reporter asked about the experience of watching live broadcasts of Internet users around him.
Li Cheng (pseudonym), a graduate student at a university in Beijing, told the Legal Daily reporter that she often watched Taobao’s live streaming or eating and eating. The main platforms are Taobao and Bilibili. The content she watched is not too much. Bad and vulgar content or pornographic content, but you can see vulgar remarks posted by some people in the comment area. For example, during the delivery process of the anchor, there will be "Gang Jing" unprovoked abuse or slander in the comment area, or insults between commentators.
Liu Gang (pseudonym), who is also a student, said that he usually watched some game live broadcasts. The anchors of such game live broadcasts are mainly male. Some anchors will also explode during the live broadcast. He has also seen it in the barrage. Too malicious insults. In some live video chat rooms, he has also seen the content of playing "side ball". For example, a female anchor wears a skirt and makes actions such as licking the skirt in front of the camera. In addition, in order to attract viewers, some anchors will set up some sexy pictures in the cover art, or set the live broadcast background to a larger scale animation picture.
When a reporter from "Legal Daily" browsed the post bars of some live broadcast platforms, they found that some netizens expressed dissatisfaction when they shared their experiences of using live broadcast platforms.
For example, in a post on a live broadcast platform, a netizen posted a screenshot of the live broadcast and said, "Is this not closed?" The screenshot shows that a pornographic online advertisement appeared when a male anchor showed his computer screen live. This screenshot was uploaded by different users in the post bar, and these users agreed that such accounts should be handled.
In addition, some netizens reported that the anchor abused fans.
The cost of illegality is relatively low
Economic interests drive violations
Vulgar and vulgar content on webcasting platforms has been repeatedly banned due to many reasons.
Wang Sixin, a professor at Communication University of China, believes that, first of all, the most direct reason is the pursuit of fame and fortune. Vulgar content easily arouses people's attention, and it also easily resonates directly with the audience. In the case of sufficient interaction and resonance, or in the case of meeting people’s relatively primary physiological demands, the platform and the anchor will naturally receive more attention, the platform’s benefits can be gradually expanded, and the anchor’s ability to monetize Will get stronger and stronger. This economic interest drive constitutes the main reason. When the intensity of legal punishment is far lower than the benefits they obtain in this way, these anchors would rather take the risk.
Wang Sixin said that, secondly, the inadequate implementation of the regulatory documents and departmental rules formulated by the National Internet Information Office and relevant regulatory agencies is also an important reason.
"From the perspective of the country’s current rule supply side, the requirements for vulgar content have become a system. If the platform or anchor can effectively perform the main responsibility, strictly follow the relevant requirements of national laws, regulations and regulatory documents, and strictly implement relevant regulations, such as For all people participating in the live broadcast, strictly implement the real-name system, strictly review the qualifications and qualifications of their live broadcast content, follow up and supervise the whole process of the live broadcast, and promptly punish those who use platform services in violation of regulations. This phenomenon is reduced to a certain extent. But the actual situation is that for various reasons, the platform has not strictly reviewed the anchors or has not implemented the relevant regulatory requirements in place. There are also a large number of platforms that want to increase their attention in this way. It is an illegal operation, which may seriously involve criminal offenses." Wang Sixin said.
"Finally, this phenomenon exists on the live broadcast platform, which has something to do with the fact that the live event is a situational event. The situational event is that the platform uses Internet technology to provide live broadcast services, and the anchor interacts with netizens through the live broadcast. The effect, such as the degree of monetization of the anchor and the degree of monetization of the platform, depends on the scene created by the anchor. In this case, if the anchor’s legal awareness is not strong, the idea of chasing interests exceeds that of complying with the law. Ideas, it’s easy to go wrong. The interaction of live netizens and the excessive demands made by individual netizens, as well as the demand to purchase such content through payment, are also the main reasons why a large number of anchors appear vulgar content during the live broadcast." Wang Sixin said.
Zhao Zhanzhu, a special researcher at the Intellectual Property Center of China University of Political Science and Law and a lawyer at Beijing Zhilin Law Firm, said that there is no clear standard for vulgar, vulgar, and vulgar content, and there is no clear definition and judgment standard in law. There have been clear regulations on whether or not the law is illegal, such as the “nine prohibitions” regulations that cannot publish obscene and pornographic information, bloody violence information, etc. The criteria for judging such information when it is released are relatively clear, but there is no clear criteria for judging the content of the three commons. , So there are a lot of anchors playing the "side ball."
Zhao Zhanzhu told the reporter of "Legal Daily" that although the number of anchors is huge, the top anchors are few. If many anchors want to get fans and traffic, get rewards or other commercial benefits, they need to adopt some marketing methods to attract audiences. . Therefore, in order to create gimmicks, some anchors will do whatever it takes to produce some curious and vulgar content to cater to the tastes of the audience.
"In addition, the live broadcast mode is instantaneous. Unlike short video platforms or other network platforms, there is no way to review and post. Therefore, the live broadcast platform is very sensitive to some illegal or vulgar behaviors of the host during the live broadcast. It is difficult to prevent in advance and can only be discovered through technical means in the event, manual means or audience reports and complaints. However, there are many shortcomings and limitations when using technology to determine whether there is illegal content. Manual review is for the live broadcast platform. There is also tremendous pressure. Even if the customer service review team of the live broadcast platform has hundreds or thousands of people, it is difficult to detect and stop illegal content and vulgar content in a timely manner in the face of numerous anchors and live content." Zhao Zhanzhan said.
Zhao Zhanzhu pointed out that from the point of view of the regulatory authorities, they often fail to supervise the anchors' behavior before and during the event. In most cases, it is a post-event supervision. After the live broadcast, such violations of laws and regulations will be punished. And the penalties are mainly fines, and the cost of illegality is relatively low for the anchor.
Live broadcast platform fulfills its responsibilities
Regulators increase punishment
The live broadcast platform continues to have vulgar and vulgar content. How should we regulate the next step?
Zhao Occupation suggested that, first of all, anchors need to abide by laws and regulations, including relevant regulations such as the Cyber Security Law and the Internet Information Service Management Measures.
The "Internet Information Service Management Measures" pointed out the "nine prohibitions" regulations, such as not publishing information that opposes the basic principles established by the Constitution, and not spreading obscenity, pornography, gambling, violence, murder, terror, or abetting crime. In Zhao Zhanzhu’s view, if the content released by the live broadcast platform or the anchor independently violates the principle of “nine non-acceptance”, they should bear the corresponding administrative responsibility or constitute a civil infringement, such as infringing on the privacy and reputation rights of others, or even Constitute a crime and bear criminal responsibility. In addition, if the anchor releases false information in the process of endorsing and publishing advertisements for other businesses, they also need to bear joint liability.
Zhao Zhanzhu said that in addition, the live broadcast platform is responsible for the management of anchors and anchors’ behavior. If the platform does not take relevant management and technical measures in a timely manner to prevent and stop the dissemination of illegal and illegal information, the supervisory department, mainly by the Cyberspace Administration of China, will Administrative penalties can be imposed on related platforms, such as restricting some functions, suspending channel updates, and removing all services for rectification.
Wang Sixin told the “Legal Daily” reporter: “According to a series of regulatory documents issued by the Cyberspace Administration of China, the live broadcast platform must register the anchors and other users participating in the live broadcast, or manage the entire live broadcast process. The violations of regulations, disciplines and laws will be dealt with in a timely manner."
"At the same time, the live broadcast platform should continue to improve its own responsibility system to achieve no dead-end management; or be able to use modern technical means to effectively manage the content generated during the live broadcast according to the information flow and content flow on the platform. "Wang Sixin said.
Zhao Zhanzhu also suggested that to rectify the vulgar and vulgar content of the live broadcast platform, one can start from the following four aspects:
First, raise the barriers to entry for anchors. Before anchors enter the platform, they should be trained by the live broadcast platform, and the training content should include legal knowledge.
Second, live broadcast platforms should earnestly fulfill their main responsibilities, improve technical means, invest more manpower and financial resources, promptly discover and stop illegal information, and increase penalties for illegal content and content that violates user agreements.
Third, establish and implement a blacklist system for anchors to prevent an anchor from being punished on one platform and still be able to transfer to other platforms for live broadcasting, resulting in the blacklist system being unable to play an effective role.
Fourth, the regulatory authorities should increase punishment for violations of laws and regulations, and try to find and punish them in a timely manner, so as to eliminate the fluke of anchors and increase their illegal costs.
"From the government's perspective, the regulatory system must be continuously improved, and law enforcement measures must be continuously followed up. From the platform perspective, various management measures must be continuously implemented, and various management measures must be continuously put in place. From the perspective of Internet users , Users must actively participate in the creation and dissemination of high-quality online content, and at the same time, they must fight against bad content on the network through various methods, including the proficient use of the platform’s reporting system. Only when all parties work together can we create a clean and healthy Cyberspace." Wang Sixin said.