The total land area is 6.55 billion mu, and the book assets are 6.5 trillion yuan-
National rural collective "household" figured out
Economic Daily·China Economic Net reporter Qiao Jinliang
Through the country’s three-year rural collective asset clearance and capital verification work, my country’s rural collective family is finally clearly presented in front of people. The total area of collective land is 6.55 billion mu, and the book assets are 6.5 trillion yuan... Finding the bottom of the family can not only check the stock, value and use of collective assets, basically realize the clearing of accounts, but also clarify the relationship between the collective and farmers. Revitalize the stock resources and use the "red books" in the hands of farmers to turn into real "red tickets."
How much land is there in the village? Geometry of book assets? What is the value-added situation? At present, after the reform and opening up, the largest inventory in the rural collective field has been basically completed.
According to the requirements of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, the national rural collective asset clearing and verification work started in 2017. The Central Agricultural Office and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs organized the national rural collective asset clearing and verification work. After three years, the family of the rural collective was finally clearly presented to the people.
"One pot of porridge" becomes "one account"
Rural collective assets are related to the vital interests of 600 million farmers, 290 million migrant workers and special groups in the village. For a long time, rural collective assets in some places have had problems such as vacant property rights, unclear accounts, undisclosed distribution, and opaque management. Yu Kui, a second-level inspector of the Policy and Reform Department of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that rural collective assets include land, forests, grasslands and other resource assets owned by farmers’ collectives, and operational assets such as houses, buildings, machinery and equipment used for management. Non-operating assets such as education, culture, and health for public services. Fully carrying out asset clearance and capital verification is a fundamental task for the reform of the rural collective property rights system and an objective requirement for protecting the property rights of farmers.
At present, the collective background of rural collectives in the country is basically clear, and the total assets are huge. The total area of collective land in the country is 6.55 billion mu, and the book assets are 6.5 trillion yuan, of which operating assets are 3.1 trillion yuan, accounting for 47.4%; non-operating assets are 3.4 trillion yuan, accounting for 52.6%. There are more than 11,000 wholly-owned enterprises belonging to the collective, with total assets of 1.1 trillion yuan. At the same time, assets are highly concentrated at the village level. Village-level assets amounted to 4.9 trillion yuan, accounting for 75.7% of the total assets, and the village averaged 8.164 million yuan. The total assets at the township and group levels were 0.7 trillion yuan and 0.9 trillion yuan, accounting for 11.2% and 13.1%, respectively.
However, the distribution of assets between villages is uneven, with more than three-quarters of assets concentrated in 14% of villages. In terms of geographical distribution, rural collective assets generally have a "6, 2, 2" distribution pattern. The assets in the eastern region are 4.2 trillion yuan, accounting for 64.7% of the total assets. The assets in the central and western regions are roughly the same, accounting for 17.7 of the total assets, respectively. %, 17.6%. From the perspective of asset operating income, 10.4% of the villages have incomes of more than 500,000 yuan, mainly concentrated in urban villages, suburban villages, and villages with abundant resources.
Many villagers reported to reporters that before the assets were cleared, the village collective assets seemed to be “flowers in the mirror” and “moon in the water”, but they could not be seen or touched. The number of the collective family members was unclear, and their shares were vague. . However, clearing assets and verifying capital turned the past “one pot of porridge” into the current “one account”, verified the stock, value and use of collective assets, and basically realized the clearing of accounts. The data shows that after the completion of production and capital verification, the total amount of rural collective assets in the country increased by 0.8 trillion yuan, an increase of 14.2%, of which, fixed assets increased by nearly 750 billion yuan, mainly in recent years, financial projects invested in non-operating fixed assets formed by collective economic organizations .
"Empty Shell Village" turned into "Solid Village"
When the reporter previously interviewed in the countryside, he would learn that some farmers reported that the collective assets were encroached upon and misappropriated by the village cadres. Some farmers also reported that the collective assets were "empty" and the value preservation and appreciation were insufficient. "Managing and using collective assets well and preventing the loss of collective assets are related to the vital interests of farmers." The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs said that in response to such problems, local governments are required to strengthen the supervision and management of collective assets in rural areas. On the one hand, strengthen the supervision and management of collective economy by collective members and standardize financial disclosure. On the other hand, regular audits of daily financial revenues and expenditures, audits of village cadres' tenure and outgoing economic responsibilities should be carried out, and the system cage should be secured through periodic reports and accountability. For example, some places have achieved good results by formulating a list of small and micro powers.
Taking the opportunity of clearing assets and verifying capital as an opportunity, all localities have solved the problems of infringing upon the interests of the collective and the masses from the chaotic use of funds, the arbitrary disposal of assets, and the unfairness of resource contracting. For example, Changling County, Heilongjiang Province has combined clean-up and rectification with the eradication of evil and eradicating evil, cracked 14 criminal cases of embezzlement of collective assets, and more than 1,700 hectares of grassland and forest land that have been illegally confiscated have been returned to the collective. All localities have also improved the system of collective asset inventory, registration, storage, use, disposal, and periodic reporting, and the collective asset management mechanism has been further standardized. Shanxi, Sichuan, Shaanxi and other provinces have formulated non-operating asset rights determination, management and protection measures, focusing on the ownership, management and protection of schools, roads, water conservancy facilities and other assets.
The purpose of standardizing collective economic organizations is to develop and strengthen the collective economy. Since 2016, the central government has supported 28 provinces and 4 cities with separate plans to carry out pilot projects to support the development of village-level collective economy through the form of "substituting awards". In 2018, the Central Organization Department, the Ministry of Finance, and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs jointly issued a document expressly planning to support around 100,000 villages to develop and grow the collective economy nationwide by 2022. In June 2019, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs issued a document to encourage localities to develop industries and revitalize resources to explore effective ways to improve the collective economic development of weak villages in poor areas.
As the reform progresses, more and more rural collective economic organizations have received "identity cards." In November 2018, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs issued registration certificates for 10 collective economic organizations for the first time, which indicates that my country’s rural collective economic organizations have an “identity card”. In order to support the development of the collective economy, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, together with the Ministry of Finance and the State Administration of Taxation, issued policies to clarify the reduction and exemption of relevant deed tax and stamp tax during the reform process, and reduce the cost of reform; together with the People’s Bank of China and the General Administration of Market Supervision, they issued documents to guide local governments in organizing rural collective economic organizations. Register and assign codes, bank account opening and other services. As of the end of May this year, more than 340,000 village collective economic organizations have received registration certificates.
"Red Books" becomes "Red Tickets"
Liu Changquan, director of the Industrial Economics Office of the Rural Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, believes that the problems of the rural collective economy are prominently reflected in operating assets. After many years of accumulation, the collective economy in many places has developed and formed a large amount of operating assets. If they do not clarify their ownership, improve their capabilities, revitalize integration, and innovate mechanisms, these assets will not be able to play their due role under the market economy system. . Based on this, the central government proposed that the reform of the rural collective operating assets joint-stock cooperative system be basically completed by the end of 2021.
"It can be seen from the asset clearance and verification that from the perspective of asset composition, there are 3.1 trillion yuan of operating assets nationwide, and these assets are the main source of collective economic income." The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs introduced, of which, it is expected to bring Operating fixed assets such as workshops, shops, machinery and equipment with a profit of more than 1 trillion yuan. Cultivated land, garden land, forest land, grassland and other collective land resources that have not been contracted to households total 1.55 billion mu, of which 36% are leased out or invested in new business entities.
In accordance with the principle of pilot first and orderly advancement, the country has carried out four batches of reform pilots successively. On the basis of asset clearance and capital verification, various localities have standardized the work of confirming the identity of members, quantifying assets through share discounts, establishing a sound organization, and handling registration codes. As of the end of 2019, the central pilot units include 15 provinces, 89 prefectures, and 442 counties (cities, districts). Pilot units at all levels have covered about 80% of counties across the country. In March this year, the Central Agricultural Office and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs invited 13 non-whole province pilot provinces to comprehensively launch reforms. In addition, Beijing, Shanghai, Zhejiang and other three provinces and cities have basically completed the reform tasks. So far, the reform pilot has achieved full provincial coverage.
The reporter learned that all localities have focused on exploring and innovating in the course of reform, and cracked the difficult problems of reform. Adhere to the status of farmers as the main body, formulate guidelines for the confirmation of the membership of collective economic organizations in units of counties or prefectures, and on the basis of a clear policy bottom line, submit specific identification standards to the public for consultation; adhere to the classification to promote implementation, and the reforms are mainly aimed at With the advancement of poverty alleviation efforts, some economically underdeveloped regions have formed assets through government grants, tax reductions, and other means. These regions have also established and improved rural collective economic organizations in light of changes in the situation.
At present, more than 410,000 villages across the country have completed the reform of the rural collective property rights system, with more than 600 million members confirmed. All localities actively explored the development model of collective economy such as resource development, property leasing, rural tourism, and agricultural production, and activated collective resource assets. The grassroots cadres said that the reform has made clear the collective family, who is the member, and the relationship between the collective and the peasants. The "red book" in the peasants' hands has become a "red ticket." This is true. Tangible results.