Sending the little "beast" back to school, Lin Jianxia took a sigh of relief: "It can be regarded as free from the net class."
Lin Jianxia, who works in Hangzhou, Zhejiang, is in the fifth grade of primary school. Since the outbreak of the New Coronary Pneumonia epidemic, she has been with hundreds of millions of Chinese parents to accompany her children for more than two months of "non-stop school" online class journey.
Under the epidemic, the classroom moved from offline to the cloud. Online education is in danger, 265 million students in schools are generally turning to online courses, and user needs are fully released.
With the support of science and technology, cloud-based online courses have broken through the practical barriers, making "non-stop learning" possible. The platform, schools, teachers, parents and students worked together to complete an unprecedented educational challenge. Behind the upsurge of online courses, there are also many issues that deserve attention.
With the accelerated resumption of classes in various places and the restoration of offline education, online courses are about to complete the "historical mission" of epidemic prevention. In order to improve quality and upgrade, promote education equity and modernize education, the online course of "Bush" has to be slowed down for "cold thinking".
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Parents become online teaching assistants
The concept of family education should be changed
"Since the children's online class, our family has a new position-I also serve as 'teaching assistant' and 'logistics minister', and my husband is 'technical guidance'." Lin Jianxia said that after Yun started school, the whole family moved. Adapt to the Internet, punch in and listen to lessons, upload homework, take photos, video home visits ... from morning till night. They can still cope when working at home. As the husband and wife resume work, many important tasks fall on the elderly.
"In the circle of friends, there are colleagues who gave birth to a second child. The boss and the second son each listen to the teacher's lecture with the iPad in the room, and the husband and wife 'stalk' respectively." "
Throughout social media, parents are vomiting about online courses. Some people say that the children of the electronic equipment at home are open to use, just like Sun Monkey guarding Pan Taoyuan, and the parents become elder schoolchildren.
Many parents do not adapt to "stop classes without stopping", and teachers and schools rely too much on the cooperation of parents, which is one of the contradictory focuses of online courses. During the epidemic prevention and control period, the responsibilities of learning management and supervision are almost entirely transferred to the parents.
A few days ago, an online questionnaire survey conducted by the Shanghai Survey Corps of the National Bureau of Statistics showed that parents were generally affirmative of the effect of "suspending classes without stopping schools" during epidemic prevention and control. However, about 30% of the parents of elementary school students surveyed clearly stated that they have a negative attitude when they accompany their children. Among them, 28.2% are impulsive, 22.1% are dissatisfied, and 7.3% are bored.
"For a long time, family education has been around school education, and the core is knowledge education. Students are planned and managed by teachers and parents, and lack of autonomy. These problems are exposed in online courses." Education scholar Xiong Bingqi believes that after In the test of online courses, parents should change the concept of family education and pay attention to cultivating children's self-learning awareness and ability.
"The biggest result of home learning is not how much knowledge a child learns, but how to grow, whether autonomy, independence, and sense of responsibility have improved." Xiong Bingqi said.
Online courses have changed the way of participation in education, and schools and families should jointly shoulder the new responsibilities brought about by the new changes. In the future, how to make new technologies play more effective services and reduce rather than increase the burden on students, parents and schools is a question worth thinking about. Experts suggest that the school should reduce the burden on parents more, not let parents participate too much in the learning process, but provide more material and spiritual support.
Zhu Yongxin, deputy chairman of the DPP Central Committee and an education expert, believes that during the epidemic prevention and control period, parents have more time to accompany their children. This period of time is very rare. Without the school environment and teacher supervision, online education puts forward higher requirements for students' learning autonomy.
After resuming work, Lin Jianxia did not stare at the child like he did at the beginning. "Sometimes I work overtime at night and take a break to look at his learning situation and find that without my supervision, the child learns very seriously, and the tight strings in his heart gradually loosen." Lin Jianxia said, "This time's online exam 'In fact, a lesson is also given to parents. "
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"Internet immigrants" meet "Internet aborigines"
Let the anchor be the teacher
"The new coronary pneumonia epidemic has caused many changes around us. Please give it a try, observe carefully, and sort out the changes brought about by the epidemic from multiple angles." In February this year, Fang Lu, a language teacher at Jilong Road Primary School in Qingdao, Shandong Province Webcast starts. On the same day, thousands of students followed Fang Lu through the online course platform.
"Although I work at home, I have hardly rested during this winter vacation." Fang Lu said that since the start of the school extension, she has been busy in front of the computer: designing courses with colleagues, communicating with students and parents online ... "Going to class" is more vivid and interesting. She polished it finely and spent two days recording the 10-minute online lesson.
Also busy is Yu Xiaomei, a retired teacher in Wuhan, Hubei. During the epidemic prevention and control period, at the age of 56, she gave public welfare classes to students from all over the country on the live broadcast platform.
"When I learned that I was a teacher in Wuhan, the students sent greetings. When the online class meeting was over at the end of the course, the children sang, left messages, and drew a picture of me. At that time, I burst into tears." Yu Xiaomei said, “Although the epidemic once made our city sleep, these children and these stories gave me warmth and filled me with hope.”
Online courses have changed the way of teaching, and teachers' "information literacy" has been tested. Live broadcast, lesson recording, question answering, home visits ... Although working at home during the "no-stop", many teachers feel that they are busier than usual, especially live broadcast or lesson-consuming. Some teachers successfully completed the role change, and some teachers still stayed in the stage of unacceptability and unacceptability.
"As a teacher of 'Internet immigration', the education and teaching model they adopt is significantly different from the way of knowledge acquisition and interactive communication among the students of the 'Net Indigenous' generation." Tang Liang, deputy director of the Information Center of Beijing Academy of Educational Sciences It is believed that due to the uneven regional economic and social development, the unequal knowledge reserves of new and old teachers, and the different cognitive learning capabilities of teachers, there are obvious regional differences, urban-rural differences, intergenerational differences, and individual differences between teachers in information literacy. It affects the teaching and learning effect of online courses.
A survey result recently released by the School of Public Policy and Management of Xi’an Jiaotong University shows that China ’s online course teaching is currently at the stage of “adaptive conflict” —the online course creation rate and participation are high, but the teaching effect still needs to be further improved. The person in charge of the research group said that in this large-scale popularization of educational informatization, online course education provides new solutions to bridge educational inequities, and also poses new challenges to the governance capabilities of educational institutions at all levels.
With the advent of the mobile Internet and the 5G era, teachers' new technology "make-up lessons" should be on the agenda. Experts believe that in online education, the teacher's responsibility is to serve as the student's academic mentor, to communicate and analyze the problems in learning, to guide students in online learning, and to guide students to formulate personalized academic development plans. Teachers can't be "overkill" in online classes, and they are exhausted to become anchors and make exquisite videos. We should reflect on the ways and means of online education, let the teacher be the teacher, and make the education simple and authentic.
"The school is about to start, I'm even happier than the students." As schools around the country started one after another, many teachers returned to face-to-face offline classes. "In the early reading, the children recite the sound of the text; at lunch, the feeling of everyone sitting together; at school, they are laughing and walking out of the back of the school ... all this is unmatched by the online class." Some teachers are interviewing In this way.
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"Online Course" became "Online Game"
Online education is not classroom copying
"We have repeatedly considered and discussed. The basic principle is: don't do live webcasts." In February this year, Yu Guodi, the president of Hangzhou Chongwen Education Group in Zhejiang, initiated a discussion to the students' parents.
Why not do live online courses? Yu Guodi said: "In the classroom, under the teacher's eyelids, we can't guarantee that every child is focused and engaged in learning. At home, sitting alone in front of the screen can listen to the class and study solidly? The teacher is fully engaged and the students listen intermittently. It will definitely become the norm, and it is almost unrealistic to have discussions, exchanges and interactions. We do n’t want new students with learning difficulties because of online teaching. "
Teacher Tuoyuan (a pseudonym) from a primary school in Shandong also felt the same about the "congenital defect" of online courses.
"Through the camera, you can't see the child's behavior while listening to the class. Many parents report that some students are chatting and playing games while using the computer and mobile phone, and the effect of the 'online game' has appeared in the online class."
According to a survey conducted by AiMedia Consulting on online education, 55.3% of the respondents believe that the expected effect of online education during epidemic prevention and control is worse than the time spent studying in schools. Compared with classroom education at school, poor learning atmosphere and low concentration of students are considered the biggest shortcomings of online education.
Experts believe that the effect of online learning is not good, partly because some schools have copied offline classrooms online.
"Online teaching using existing online education resources is different from online teaching that requires teachers to conduct live online broadcasts based entirely on schedules. Live broadcast applications are successful in many small-scale audiences and can fully guarantee the interaction between teachers and students. There are very few cases of using live broadcast to improve the effect of large-scale classrooms, "Xiong Bingqi said.
The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Education has previously pointed out: "Closing without stopping" does not refer to online courses in a pure sense, nor is it just the learning of school courses, but a broad sense of learning, as long as the content and methods that help students grow and progress is allowed.
However, in practice, "learning at home" is still largely a copy of offline teaching.
"The 'learning at home' in this epidemic is like a mirror. It still focuses on the preparation of exams and knowledge-centered learning, and there is no education centered on students and learning." Said Chen Shuangye, a professor at the Department of Education, East China Normal University.
"Online courses are accepted because it can break the gap between time, space and learning level, allowing people to learn anytime and anywhere through the screen and network links. It is not a copy of the offline courses, but requires content and interaction. , Evaluation, etc., looking for 'dynamic correspondence' from offline to online. "Fang Berlin, an education scholar, believes that the normalization and lasting popularity of online courses need to explore effective models of online courses.
In order to allow students to grow and gain more from online education, Tuoyuan gave students several open assignments-"What do you think about this epidemic?" "As a primary school student, talk about what you can do What is it? "She was quite moved by the answer.
"The children have grown a lot from the epidemic, and the fight against the epidemic and the touching stories of the medical staff have a positive impact on them." Tuo Yuan said that after the school starts, it will be shared with the children in class The harvest and experience during this time.
"Education's initial focus should be around and insist on providing students with meaningful learning and life. What I am most worried about and least want to see is that the results and experience of teachers working hard during the period of" suspending and non-stopping "have not been Used in daily teaching, only online education platforms get traffic from the epidemic. "Chen Shuangye said.
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"Chasing the net" and "rubbing the net" highlight the pain points
Get through the "last mile" of online education
In Hulunbeier, Inner Mongolia, a herdsman living on the grassland for generations had to migrate to find a network signal in order for her daughter to get online lessons smoothly. In Naqu, Tibet, a college student walked for two hours to climb to 4000 On the high mountain of Duomi, she listened to the net class while grazing; in Luoning, Henan, a girl went to the village compound courtyard every day in order to follow the net class progress ...
Due to the difference in the level of economic development, some places have encountered difficulties in promoting online courses. According to the latest report released by the China Internet Network Information Center, as of March 2020, the scale of China's non-netizens was 496 million, of which the proportion of non-netizens in rural areas was 59.8%. Restricted by factors such as lack of Internet access equipment, uncovered networks, and burden of bandwidth and traffic costs, students in some remote rural areas are still in the "off-line" and "semi-off-line" status, and cannot conduct online learning, especially video learning.
The aforementioned survey results of Xi'an Jiaotong University also show that compared with urban schools, the rate of online courses in rural schools is 10 percentage points lower. Computers are one of the important tools for online learning. The ownership rate of urban students is 90.38%, and that of rural students is only 37.06%. Such unbalanced resources are particularly prominent in the western region.
At the same time, due to the fact that China's network applications were not prepared for large-scale live broadcast classroom application scenarios before the epidemic, the high concurrency and large traffic brought by live broadcasts led to frequent network disconnects and stalls at the beginning of online courses. hair.
"After years of construction, China's education informatization has made great progress. However, during the epidemic prevention and control, online learning is mainly based on home, and the information infrastructure that it depends on comes mainly from families, villages or communities, not schools." Tang Liang believes that every Whether a student has the opportunity to receive "normal" education during epidemic prevention and control determines the public's awareness and judgment of educational equity.
In order to solve the problem that some students have difficulty in online courses, relevant departments and enterprises act quickly. In remote rural areas where the network signal is weak or cable TV is unreachable, "air classroom" is broadcast on the air; operators and many Internet companies consolidate the online education network foundation through cloud services, computing power support and other methods, and provide precise help through preferential traffic packages Support measures to alleviate the pressure on Internet fees for students with financial difficulties.
Experts believe that for online teaching, we must give full play to the advantages of open and shared online education. "Getting through the last mile" is the prerequisite for promoting the sharing of high-quality educational resources.
Our reporter Liu Yao