Starting from the bottom of the black hole ② | Various "routine deductions": Unconsciously being "deducted" usury

Yesterday, surging news (www.thepaper.cn) reported on a new type of financial fraud in third party payment agencies' "withholding" business. The criminal gang set up a company specifically for debits, established payment cooperation with third-party payment agencies through means such as falsified materials, and silently deducted the victim's bank account without password.

From April 2018 to December 2019, at least 10 such credit card fraud cases were judged by local courts. In the consumer online complaint platform, complaints involving the inexplicable "deduction" of money in bank cards are updated daily.

Among the complainants interviewed by Surging News, some people were “deducted” from usury without knowing it; someone downloaded a loan app and entered the bank card number and other information, and was asked to enter a “verify identity” SMS verification code. What I received was a deduction verification code; others said that "nothing was done" and the charge was "unconsciously".

These complaints are related to third-party payment agencies. According to the data reported by the complaint platform, the platform reported that in the whole year of 2019, the platform accepted a total of more than 50,000 effective complaints against the third-party payment industry, including complaints in providing payment services for high-interest online loans such as "Artillery", ranking No. One. These complaints involving malicious deductions, unknown deductions, etc. against payment institutions have only been resolved at a rate of 16.6%.

Illegal payment channels have also attracted public security attention in recent years. On November 14, 2019, the Ministry of Public Security held a press conference to announce the status of the "NetNet 2019" special operation. Wang Yingwei, the director of the Cyber ​​Security Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security, also notified third-party payment agencies to provide funds for "routine loans". The problem of getting high profits. The Ministry of Public Security also notified on December 29, 2019 that public security organs across the country had cracked 15 major illegal online payment cases in 2019, involving more than 54 billion yuan in funds. Illegal payment channels are used for illegal crimes.

In the chaos of the "deduction" in the payment field, after "routing loans", "routing deductions" are then staged.

Routine one: "Being Accidentally" repaid usury

On March 12, Ms. Cao of Chongqing told the surging news about her experience of being charged.

On the evening of March 2, her ICBC card received a 5,000 yuan transfer from the company. A few hours later, three deductions suddenly appeared. An agency called "Bao Fu" deducted her 3,942.94 yuan for three times with 1301.20 yuan, 1257.54 yuan, and 2384.20 yuan, leaving only 57.06 yuan in the card.

The first charge information is shown as "Baofu-Shenzhen Hexiang Technology Co., Ltd.", and the next two are shown as "Baofu". The reason for the charge is "consumption". "What does Baofu do? I have no consumption and I haven't got any loan recently. Why was the money deducted?" Ms. Cao quickly contacted ICBC. ICBC customer service told her that the charge was operated by Baofu Network Technology Co., Ltd. and provided a landline for Ms. Cao to contact Baofu.

Baofu's official website profile states that it is a third-party payment company that has obtained the "Payment Business Permit" issued by the central bank in 2011. It can provide 365 days of uninterrupted settlement services for individuals and businesses to help merchants withdraw funds quickly.

Subsequently, Ms. Cao contacted Baofu Company, and the other party informed that all three payments were deducted by Shenzhen Hexiang Technology Co., Ltd., and Baofu was just a deduction. According to the information of Tianyan Inspection, Shenzhen Hexiang Technology Co., Ltd. has a registered capital of 50 million. It has been named Shenzhen Wanhui Financial Services Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Wanhui Technology Co., Ltd., and Shenzhen Hexiang Technology Co., Ltd., and it is now renamed Guangdong and Xiang Technology Co., Ltd., including Wanhui and loan PPmoney and other products, WeChat public name is "and loan".

Ms. Cao stated that she had not authorized Hexiang Company and asked Baofu customer service to intercept the deduction. However, Baofu said that the deduction has been credited to the merchant (and the company).

According to the method provided by Baofu, Ms. Cao searched for “and loan” in the WeChat public account. Through the WeChat public account and telephone exchanges, and loans, Ms. Cao said that Ms. Cao had borrowed money from the company's flash bank and loans, and overdue for three years, with the remaining 24,476 yuan, so the system will deduct from time to time.

After several communications with another “customer service” of Loan, a few days later, Ms. Cao successively received three p2p electronic loan contracts, showing that she passed the approval on August 5, 2017, August 29, and September 6, respectively. Wanhui Financial Services Co., Ltd. and Shanyin (Xiangshan) Information Technology Co., Ltd. borrowed 1280 yuan, 2200 yuan, and 650 yuan from Li Yongming. The first two loans were repaid in 12 months, with monthly repayments of 140.8 yuan and 242 yuan, and the third repayment was in three months at 260 yuan each.

Based on this calculation, surging journalists calculated that the first two loans had an annual interest rate of 32%, and the latter one was 80%. The contract also stipulates that if Ms. Cao's repayment is overdue, the penalty interest and overdue management fee will be charged separately based on the total amount of overdue principal and interest × penalty interest rate (0.5%) × overdue days. If it is overdue for more than 3 days, Li Yongming authorizes Wanhui Finance to make one-time or multiple door-to-door collection at any time, and the door-to-door collection fee is 500 yuan / time.

Ms. Cao said that she had two or three repayment records in the first two strokes. The bank flow provided by Ms. Cao to Peng Mei News shows that in 2017 and the loan company once connected with Yintong through a third-party payment institution and deducted RMB 140.8 from her card. "I did not deduct it after two or three deductions. My bank card has always had sufficient balance." Ms. Cao did not expect that the principal of less than two thousand yuan was left. The other party did not urge or deduct it for three years, but it was rolled over. The amount claimed by the other party was 20,000 to 30,000, which was several tens of times. What is even more surprising is that the loan company could even change to a third-party payment company and directly deducted without her knowledge.

Sichuan Mianyang Intermediate People's Court confirmed that "Li Yongming" frequently lent money to others to earn high fees.

A jurisprudence published by China Judgment Documents Network shows that the court has determined that the act of "Li Yongming" passing on the loan of funds such as Hexiang Company was illegal lending, seriously disrupted the financial and social order, and did not support its application for repayment.

The ruling made by Sichuan Dazhou Intermediate People's Court on September 11, 2019 shows that the application executor Li Yongming and the executed person Huang passed Shenzhen Wanhui Financial Services Co., Ltd. (and Xiang Company) and Wanhui Investment Management Co., Ltd. 1. Holgos Wanguhui Internet Technology Co., Ltd., signed a "Loan and Service Contract" and "Loan Struggle" online on the PPmoney platform (Wanhui Finance). Huang did not return the interest according to the contract, and the arbitration commission of Guangzhou made an award. Li Yongming applied to the hospital for implementation.

The court found out that the loan amount of both parties was 6,000 yuan, the borrowing period was one year, the monthly interest rate of the loan was 0.9%, and the daily penalty rate was 0.5%. The repayment was made in 12 installments, and the repayment was made in 12 installments. The remaining period is 680 yuan, and the calculated total is 8280 yuan.

The court also found that as of September 10, 2019, with Li Yongming as the executor of the application, 82 online lending cases had been applied to the court for execution and the principal of the execution subject was 310,000 yuan.

Dazhou Intermediate People's Court holds that according to the relevant laws and regulations, “without the approval of the competent authority in accordance with the law, no unit or individual may set up an institution that engages or mainly engages in loan lending business or uses loan lending as a daily business activity” and other provisions. Lend a large amount of funds to an unspecified majority of people, and break the statutory interest red line in the form of interest, account management fees, fast approval fees, and liquidated damages. The annual interest rate within the repayment period reaches 38%, and the overdue liquidation interest rate is 182.5%. The industry earns high interest, which seriously disrupts the economic and financial order and social order. The implementation of the arbitral award is against the public interest, and it is decided not to enforce it.

Surging News noted that in September 2019, the Dazhou Intermediate People's Court rejected a total of 48 applications of this type of arbitration for which Li Yongming was the applicant.

On March 28, Ms. Cao told Peng Mei News that 21 days after Baofu paid the deduction of 4,942 yuan, after receiving a complaint, she received a refund of 1,490 yuan from the company, "Three loans were calculated at an annual interest rate of 24% Interest was all settled. "Later, she received Baofu's customer service phone and" requested to withdraw the complaint on the complaint platform. "

Surging News noticed that the link to Ms. Cao's complaint could no longer be opened.

Routine 2: Fill in a verification code and start deducting money

According to many complainants, another "disgusting" withholding method is that they only downloaded a loan app, filled in personally identifiable information such as a bank card number, or registered as a member without notice , The relevant company directly deducts the payment through a third-party payment agency under the names of "service fee", "membership fee", "evaluation fee" and the like.

On March 16th, Mr. Li told Peng Mei News about his experience of being deducted by a "routine" on an app called "Pumpkin Easy Borrowing".

Mr. Li introduced that under the guidance of the online loan salesman, he searched and downloaded the "Pumpkin Easy Borrow" App through Baidu. After downloading, he filled in the receiving bank account and entered, showing that his smart assessment limit was 56561 yuan. He did not look at the small gray print "Pumpkin Easy Borrowing Service Agreement" and directly clicked the eye-catching "get money immediately". The app immediately displays, "The system is verifying your identity. Please enter a text message verification code."

He had been fooled, and he took a closer look at this verification message sent by a "1069175851033" number, which read: [Xunlianzhifu] verification code 421631, your tail number xxxx bank card is being used by Pumpkin Easy. Fast payment, valid within 3 minutes, if you have any questions, please contact customer service 4000938798.

A notification on the "Pumpkin Easy Lending" App and a text message that Mr. Li actually received.

Mr. Li did not enter the verification code that was actually used for payment verification, and fortunately he was not tricked. However, the surging news noted that as of March 28, there were 664 black cat complaints and 20 "pumpkin easy to borrow" complaints on the complaints. They reflected almost the same situation as Mr. Li and said they had suffered actual loss.

One of the complainants stated on the Black Cat complaint on March 12, 2020, "Pumpkin Easy lends a fake credit to the SMS verification code that is usually received after entering the operation, and then the bank card was wiped out 287 yuan. The complainant said that he was in an epidemic area in Hubei and could not go out, so he wanted to apply for a loan turnover, but he was deceived. After some people were deducted, the complaint stated that "I was only testing the credit limit, and after I entered the verification code, I was forcibly deducted." Some complainers sighed, "It's really scraping oil on the chicken bones ... the money was withheld without any sign of registration."

In the afternoon of March 16, Peng Mei News called the above-mentioned 4000938798 customer service phone, which was consistent with the situation reported by many complaints. The phone was not answered and was marked as a "scam phone" by Tencent Data.

Some complainants recounted experiences similar to "pumpkin easy to borrow", different apps, and customer service phone number is 4000938798. "On March 2, 2020, I downloaded the monthly instalment app, and when they opened it, they pushed over a dozen loan platforms. I clicked on Koi Hanao. After I entered it, I entered my personal information and bank account number, as required by them. After adding, click OK to transfer 287 yuan from the savings card account! "

The short message from 95580 displayed by the complainant shows: [PSBC] verification code: xxxxxx, your bank card ending in 1779 is applying to open the UnionPay of Shenzhen Postlink Bank Shenzhen UnionPay Network Co., Ltd. without a card Quick payment. Another one shows: [Post Bank] March 19, 20, 19:13 Your account number 779 is 287 yuan, and the balance is *** yuan.

In addition, on March 17, the black cat complained that some people also complained that they were maliciously debited by the "Koi Flower Salamander" platform. The platform's customer service phone number is also 4000938798.

The surging news found that "pumpkin easy to borrow" and "koi carp" cannot be retrieved on multiple mobile application platforms, but can be searched and downloaded. The company behind "Pumpkin Easy to Borrow" is also difficult to find.

"Xunlian Smart Pay" is a third-party payment institution that obtained the payment business license issued by the central bank in 2014. The company's full name is "Shenzhen Xunlian Zhifu Network Co., Ltd." with a registered capital of 200 million yuan. It is a wholly-owned holding company of ZTE. "The company is committed to providing government and corporate users with secure and professional payments, investment and financing changes. Financial Services".

On March 16, an article published by Sina News stated that in the black cat complaint, Pumpkin Easy borrowed 19 hours to resolve consumer complaints. The article stated that the deduction of 287 yuan reported by the complainant is actually a payment of the one-year VIP membership fee of the pumpkin easy loan platform. Consumers can apply for a refund on the "unreported report" button on the pumpkin easy loan app.

Surging News noted that the refund page displayed in the article needs to upload the front and back of the applicant's ID card, and the applicant's front view of the ID card.

On the Ju complaint, it was alleged that there were apps like this "fishing" routine, as well as optimization, cherry blossom staging, rich money, I came to lend, Peas money, money station and so on. In the 2019 summary of the complaints of third-party payment agencies, the platform stated that some payment companies were complained of providing services to the "Artillery" Usury Online Loan, and some apps that were complained of malicious debits also received the services of some payment companies. . Some mobile loan apps that claim to have "high loan limits", "fast loans", "borrowing applications have been passed", etc., induce netizens to download and register and fill in the information. After the netizens submit identity information and bind the bank card, the platform charges service fees. , Membership fees, evaluation fees and other deductions ranging from 199 yuan to 299 yuan. The platform lists more than 90 such malicious deduction apps.

"The appearance of these apps is borrowing and lending. In fact, they specifically set the balance of other people's bank cards. When they are reported, they change their vests to continue. The cost is very low." A person who has been following the online loan industry for a long time told Peng Mei News.

Routine 3: "Unconsciousness" without knowing the ghost

In addition to the charge due to the unintentional leakage of the above personal information, many complainants have stated that in daily life, such as buying microwave ovens, recharging phone bills, and finding part-time jobs, they are also faced with "routine" charges. Some complainants emphasized that they were “stolen” without any feeling.

For example, on October 18, 2019, a complainant stated on the Black Cat complaint that it had uninstalled the Qian orange Worry-free App for three or four days, and had been debited without prior verification code and without any notice. The deduction SMS notification is "evaluation fee".

The evidence submitted by the complainant showed that it was deducted 168 yuan from the verification without SMS. After receiving the deduction, I received a notification text message: [Qian orange worry-free] Hello, dear user, you purchased a personal risk self-assessment assessment report of 168 yuan at 2019-10-15 11:36, and payment of 168 yuan has been generated. Please go to the app to check, if you have any questions, please call the customer service hotline: 4007628399.

Text message received by the complainant.

The surging news found that the 4007628399 number was also marked as a "fraud phone" by Tencent Data. The reporter dialed the number and got feedback "Sorry, there is no such business number."

A company called Hengfu Chuangrong Technology responded to the complaint on the Black Cat complaint platform, and the content of the reply was hidden. The complaint was not resolved. In Black Cat's complaint, there were 7,724 complaints related to "Qian orange worry-free", 7768 have been answered, and 7,536 have been completed.

Among them, on January 19, 2020, a real-name complainant stated that “I have n’t borrowed money from Qian Orange Worry-Free Loaning Platform long before (not), but deducted more than 300 yuan from me.” The evidence provided by the complainant shows that The Chinese bank card with a balance of only 348.12 yuan was deducted three times in total at 249 yuan at 11: 48-12: 19 on October 19, 2019. Bank account information shows that the counterparty's account is: (Special) Shenzhen Hengfu Chuangrong Technology Co., Ltd. Trading channel: pos machine.

According to the industrial and commercial registration, the product of Shenzhen Hengfu Chuangrong Technology Co., Ltd. is a “willful flower wallet”, which was approved by Shenzhen Market Supervision Administration on November 5, 2019, because “the registered residence or business place cannot be contacted”, and Listed in the business abnormal list. In Tianyancha, the "questions and answers about this enterprise" on the company's page were all complaints that the company deducted 84 yuan to 168 yuan.

It is worth mentioning that what is even worse than filling out verification code deductions is that such deductions are not only simple and rude, but also more secretive and low-key. And after being deducted, the information of debit channels that can be found is more limited, and some are only displayed as "pos machine".

Surging News has noticed that among the many complaints from consumers, there are not a few who reflect that there is no debit payment company name or that the debit institution does not have a payment license.

For example, on March 6, a complainant posted that Xiao Benfu's bank stole 274998 yuan for no reason. The evidence provided by the complainant shows that the deduction was deducted in four times, the largest of which was 130,000 yuan, only showing the name of the merchant: Xiaobenfu Commercial Bank, transaction description: consumption. No other information is provided. The complaint platform forwarded the complaint information to the Bank of Qingdao, the bank where the complainant opened, on March 15.

Although "Xiao Benfu" carries the word "pay", it is not possible to check the payment license issued by its central bank. According to the data of Tianyan Inspection, Xiaobenfu Commercial Bank was established on March 13, 2018, and its registered address is located in Lhasa, Tibet. It operates retail business such as tobacco and alcohol. On March 16, the complainant told Surging News that he was inexplicably deducted and is currently on file with the local police.

For another example, Mr. Guangxi Huang once complained that he entered a low-interest platform through a QR code on May 21, 2019, and was asked to operate another of the four platforms to borrow money. Subsequently, his loan application was approved within 2 minutes, and showed that the bank card actually received 1750 yuan, and repaid 2,500 yuan within 7 days. He found that this was a typical routine loan, a 7-day antiaircraft artillery, and his beheading was terrifying. He said to the other party, "Receive the money, but you can't play with you", but the other party said that the money has been paid.

Mr. Huang did not expect that behind the "routine loan", there was actually a "routine deduction".

On March 16, he told Peng Mei News that after 7 days of borrowing, his bank card was directly deducted by a third-party payment agency by 2,500 yuan. He did not report the case because he only knew that the debit company was "Hui Fu" and he could not find the full name of the company.

It is not uncommon for cases to provide illegal online payment services. According to a report by the Ministry of Public Security on December 29, 2019, public security organs across the country have cracked 15 major illegal online payment cases in 2019, involving more than 54 billion yuan in funds. Among them, in the “Shenzhen Aibei Company” case cracked by the Liaoning Dalian Police, the platform used “aggregated payment” as a cover to provide illegal fund payment and settlement services to others, involving an amount of more than 9.2 billion yuan. In the case of the "Kaincard Company" cracked by Zhejiang Jinyun Police, bank staff colluded with illegal payment platforms to commit crimes. In a case cracked by the Hanchuan police in Hubei, the platform involved in the case set up 72 illegal payment channels for the use of illegal and criminal subjects, with a transaction value of more than 13.1 billion yuan.

Luo Pengfei, intern reporter, surging news chief reporter Tan Jun