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The Islamic State (IS) self-proclaimed its "caliphate" in June 2014 in Iraq and Syria. The jihadist group led by Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, whose death was confirmed by the president of the United States, was defeated in March 2019, but the jihadists still have a strong influence on what has been their territory.
ISIS , also referred to as Daesh, is a jihadi group stemming from Sunni Islam. It was created by individuals who believed that al-Qaeda's strategy, founded by Osama Bin Laden, needed to be corrected. Al-Qaeda did not believe that war should be waged against the Arab regimes to create an Islamic state, but to bring the war to the United States, the United States being the main support for the regimes, especially Saudi Arabia. If he claimed in France the attacks of 13 November 2015 in Paris and 14 July 2016 in Nice, and has established itself in other countries (Libya, Somalia ...), the IS has mainly led its war in Iraq and Syria .
►A " caliphate " in Syria and Iraq. In Syria, the jihadists of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) took control in 2013 of the city of Raqqa and Aleppo in the north of the country. They conquered much of the province of Deir Ezzor, in the east. In Iraq, where he received the support of former Saddam Hussein officers and Salafist groups, ISIL seized the northern city of Mosul on June 10 and a large part of the province. of Nineveh, of which she is the chief town. On June 29, 2014, the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) announces the establishment of a " caliphate " in the conquered regions of these two countries. The terrorist group is called Islamic State. He designates his leader, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, as "caliph".
► Also read : Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, alias caliph Ibrahim of the Islamic State
► Audio messages, two videos. Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi was nicknamed "The Ghost" for his discretion. On July 5, 2014, al-Baghdadi appeared in a video on jihadist websites and called on all Muslims to "obey" him. Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi regularly reappeared later, through audio recordings. While being given for death several times, the Islamic State broadcasts on April 29, 2019, a propaganda video in which Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi appears for the first time in five years.
►Challenges in Iraq. As early as 2015 and the second year of the caliphate, the Islamic State is forced to change its strategy because it is destabilized by the bombing of its positions. On this side of the border, Iraqi forces take over Tikrit on March 31, 2015, in the north of the country. This is the beginning of a long series of setbacks for the jihadist group. On November 13, Iraqi Kurdish forces backed by anti-Jihadist coalition strikes took Sinjar back. In 2016, the IS is driven out of Ramadi and Fallujah. On 10 July 2017, Iraqi Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi proclaims the release of Mosul after a nine-month offensive. On December 9, 2017, the same Abadi proclaims victory over the terrorist organization .
► Defeats in Syria. The images of the jihadists parading, weapon in hand, on the roofs of their 4X4 vehicles belong to the past. As early as September 2014, an international coalition led by the United States launched its first strikes against the jihadists. In this country, the Kurdish forces supported by the coalition are driving the Islamic State from Kobane, a Kurdish city on the Turkish border, on January 26, 2015. In March 2017, the ancient city of Palmyra, twice conquered by the jihadists, is definitely resumed by the regime of Bashar al-Assad, helped by his Russian ally. On October 17, 2017, the Islamic State loses Raqqa , and it is the gear. In September 2018, Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) fighters launch an offensive against the ultimate rebel in Deir Ezzor province. On March 23, 2019, the capture of the village of Baghouz, near the Iraqi border, marks the end of the caliphate .
► To listen and see also : [Reportage] Journey to the end of the "Caliphate"
►Exactions, sexual slavery, and destruction of assets. In the areas it controls, ISIS carries out numerous beheadings and mass executions. Women suspected of adultery are stoned, murdered homosexuals. The group is committing rapes and rapes, and some of these atrocities are staged in videos that have become propaganda weapons. In Iraq, the group that seized the historic Yazidis home on the Sinjar Mountains in the summer of 2014, transformed the youngest child soldiers and subjected thousands of women to forced labor and sexual slavery. . These abuses are the subject of a UN investigation for genocide. In the ancient city of Palmyra , Syria, the jihadists also destroyed some of the archaeological treasures listed as World Heritage by UNESCO.
►Donald Trump announces the death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. On October 27, 2019, Donald Trump announces the death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi from the White House. On August 20, US Foreign Minister Mike Pompeo said that IS is " more powerful today than three or four years ago " in " certain areas " of Iraq and Syria. In October, a Turkish offensive against the Kurds in northeastern Syria, after a withdrawal of US troops from several bases in the area, fears a resurgence of the terrorist group. In France, the question of the return of fighters enlisted in the jihadist organization and their children born in Syria and Iraq, under the Islamic State regime also arises.
( With AFP )
► See also: Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, mysterious leader of the Islamic State group