History: The desecration of the tomb of the Duchess of Alba decided the course of the Civil War
Millions of people travel by plane around the world without knowing that their flights are possible thanks to the inventions of
Carlos Haya González de Ubieta
(Bilbao 1900-Teruel 1938): he invented the derivometer, the variometer or calculation rule of distances and times and especially the
integral gyroscope,
which allows you to
fly at night and in adverse weather conditions
.
He is also
the only Spaniard to have two Harmon trophies
, the highest aerial distinction at the time of the great flights (1923-1936).
In 1925 he became a pilot and in 1932 he became a
professor at the Hunting School
directed by Hidalgo de Cisneros, who ended up as head of the Republican Aviation, of whom he was a great friend.
In 1936 he was stationed in Seville when the Civil War broke out.
During the war, it only provided liaison and transport services,
supplying the sanctuary of Santa María de La Cabeza (Jaén), where 200 civil guards with many women and children resisted.
On November 9, the so-called miracle of La Almudena took place.
Pilot sergeant
Ananías San Juan,
on a flight to Salamanca, tried to kidnap Franco, pretending not to know the route.
The next day he deserted, landing in Alcalá.
Franco pilot
Haya was then
offered to be Franco's pilot, but he refused,
claiming his dedication to those besieged in the sanctuary, to whom he threw turkeys with their legs tied and with food packages.
Haya was arrested by order of Alfredo Kindelán, head of the rebel Aviation.
His wife, Josefina Gálvez,
was
imprisoned in Malaga
, where she suffered abuse.
The governor of Malaga, Luis Arráez, saved her by taking her to Valencia.
Near this city they were intercepted and Josefina beaten.
Taken before the Minister of the Interior Ángel Galarza, she was so impressed by her condition that he issued her a safe conduct so that she could be treated in a hospital.
In May 1937 she was
exchanged for the Comintern spy Arthur Koestler, detained in Seville.
Disgusted with Kindelán and Queipo de Llano for having abandoned the sanctuary to its fate, which fell in May 37, Haya
joined an Italian fighter squadron
and ended up shot down on February 21, 38 in Teruel.
His
milestones in the world of aviation
meant that in 1954 Madrid dedicated a street to him, which was abolished under the Mayor's Office of Manuela Carmena, after a report from the Complutense where false information was given, such as that he had been Franco's pilot or had bombed Málaga and Jaén.
A judge annulled Carmena's "capricious" change in 2019
, but Mayor José Luis Martínez
Almeida has not yet reinstated it.
According to the criteria of The Trust Project
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