Asking for innovation to lead the "13th Five-Year Plan" China Aerospace
"Thirteenth Five-Year" Achievement Tour
Our reporter Fu Yifei
Opening the column, the "13th Five-Year Plan" period is the decisive stage for building a well-off society in all respects.
Under the leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at the core, my country's economy has continued to develop in a healthy and healthy manner over the past five years, the economic structure has been continuously optimized, and major scientific and technological achievements have continued to emerge, bringing gratifying changes to social development and people's lives.
Starting today, "Science and Technology Daily" has opened a "Thirteenth Five-Year Achievement Tour" column, using facts and figures, and using the bits and pieces of people's personal experience, to show you the glory of reform and development in various fields in my country, especially scientific and technological innovation. achievement.
On September 21, the National Space Administration released the news of my country's first Mars exploration mission: The Tianwen-1 probe successfully completed the second midway correction of its orbit.
It has been in orbit for 60 days. It is about 19 million kilometers away from the earth and the flight distance is about 160 million kilometers. The detector systems are in good condition.
The China Mars exploration mission to be implemented in late July 2020 has attracted worldwide attention, but during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, the highlights of China's aerospace industry are far more than that.
From 2016 to September 27, 2020, my country implemented 140 space launch missions, and the number of space launches in 2018 and 2019 ranked first in the world.
In the past five years, China Aerospace has made remarkable progress in major project advancement, technological innovation iterations, and exploration of operating models, with outstanding results.
Major projects enter a new stage
At 18:00 on May 5, 2020, the Long March 5B carrier rocket carried a new generation of manned spacecraft test ship and other loads from the Wenchang Space Launch Site in China.
China's Manned Space Engineering Office announced that the first stage of the mission of the manned space engineering space station has been successful.
Prior to this, my country’s Tiangong-2 Space Laboratory was controlled to re-enter the atmosphere on July 19, 2019, and a small amount of debris fell into the scheduled safe waters of the South Pacific. So far, all tasks of the manned space engineering space laboratory have been successfully completed.
With the opening of the space station stage mission, China's manned space project has embarked on a new journey.
According to the plan, my country will launch the Tianhe core module, Wentian experimental module and Mengtian experimental module successively from 2021 to carry out the on-orbit assembly and construction of the basic configuration of the space station, and complete the construction of the space station around 2022.
On June 23, 2020, the 55th Beidou Navigation Satellite was successfully launched.
On July 31, my country announced to the world that China's self-constructed and independently operated global satellite navigation system was fully completed.
On November 5, 2017, my country sent the first batch of Beidou-3 networked satellites into space with the "one arrow and two stars" method, ushering in a new era of global networking for the Beidou satellite navigation system.
In 31 months, my country launched a total of 30 Beidou-3 satellites and 2 Beidou-2 satellites, with a success rate of 100%, setting a new record for launching world satellite navigation systems and completing the global constellation half a year ahead of schedule deploy.
On September 23 and 24, 2020, the Yutu 2 lunar rover and the Chang'e 4 lander respectively finished their 22nd month day work and entered the moon night dormancy.
At this time, they have spent 630 Earth days on the back of the moon, and Yutu-2 has traveled a total of 547.17 meters.
The Chang'e-4 mission began in 2018.
On May 21 of that year, my country successfully launched the Chang'e-4 relay satellite, which became the world's first satellite orbiting the Halo mission orbit at L2 of the Earth and Moon.
On December 8, Chang'e-4 embarked on a lunar exploration journey and successfully landed on the pre-selected landing area of the Von Kamen impact crater in the Aitken Basin, Antarctica on the back of the moon on January 3, 2019, becoming the world’s first soft landing on the back of the moon. A spacecraft that landed and carried out inspections.
The Chang'e 4 mission kicked off the fourth phase of my country's lunar exploration project, and the third phase of the lunar exploration project will also end at the end of the 13th Five-Year Plan.
According to the plan, my country will launch the Chang'e-5 probe before the end of 2020, implement the lunar surface sampling and return mission, and complete the three-step goal of China's lunar exploration project "circumnavigation, fall, and return".
New technology gradually takes the lead
During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, my country's new generation of carrier rockets collectively appeared, gradually taking on important tasks in intensive and complex space missions.
The development of China's launch vehicle has entered a new stage of green and pollution-free, and its carrying capacity has reached the world-class level.
In 2016, the Long March 7 and Long March 5 launch vehicles made their first successful flights.
In 2017, the Long March 7 Yao-2 rocket successfully launched the Tianzhou-1 cargo spacecraft, sending my country's first "space express".
Starting in 2020, the Long March 5 series of rockets will usher in high-density launches. From the first flight of the space station, my country's first Mars exploration and launch mission, to the upcoming Chang'e V and space station segment launch missions, it plays an irreplaceable role.
Since its maiden flight in 2015, the Long March 11 carrier rocket has won ten battles in a few years, putting 51 satellites into orbit and filling the gap in my country's carrier rocket launches at sea.
The Long March 6 launch vehicle completed the first commercial launch and the first low-inclination circular orbit launch in 2017 and 2019, respectively, after its first flight and setting a record for my country’s multi-satellite launch.
In addition, the Long March 8 carrier rocket plans to fly for the first time this year, which will further optimize the layout of my country's sun-synchronous orbit satellite launch capabilities.
During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, my country's rocket technology research has achieved many phased results.
The heavy-duty launch vehicle has carried out in-depth development of key technologies, and a series of major key technologies have achieved breakthroughs; breakthroughs have been made in the research and development of new technologies such as reusable space-to-earth aircraft and combined power aircraft, and demonstrations have been completed successively.
At the same time, China's satellite technology has also jumped to a new level.
On December 27, 2019, the Shijian 20 satellite was successfully launched.
This is the first flight test star of the Dongfanghong-5 satellite public platform, and it is also the satellite with the highest technological gold content in my country.
"If it is the Dongsi platform that gives us the ability to compete on the same stage with international counterparts, then with the Dongwu platform, we will be able to achieve the transition from following to leading." Zhou Zhicheng, Chief Engineer of the Fifth Academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation Say.
On May 8, 2020, the new-generation manned spacecraft test ship flew in orbit for 2 days and 19 hours, and its return capsule successfully landed in the scheduled area of the Dongfeng landing site, and the test mission was a complete success.
The new generation of manned spacecraft is demonstrated for the needs of my country's manned lunar exploration, space station operation and other missions, aiming at the international advanced level of a new generation of space-to-earth transportation aircraft, with high safety, high reliability, modularity, multi-tasking, reusable, etc. Characteristics, the future will play an important role in my country's near-Earth space and lunar exploration missions.
Commercial aerospace development is advancing steadily
2015 is known as the first year of China's commercial aerospace development.
Entering the "13th Five-Year Plan", China's commercial aerospace development has moved from the chaos at the time of ice-breaking to orderly, and some private aerospace companies have turned their blueprints into reality.
On July 25, 2019, the Hyperbolic One carrier rocket developed by Beijing Interstellar Glory Space Technology Co., Ltd. was successfully launched, achieving a zero breakthrough in Chinese civilian-operated carrier rockets.
Many commercial aerospace companies have made progress on their development path.
Aiming at the route of the liquid oxygen methane carrier rocket, Blue Arrow Aerospace has successfully completed a number of full-system hot test runs for the "Tianque" 80-ton and 10-ton engines.
Beijing Lingke Aerospace Technology Co., Ltd. focuses on the development of reusable rockets, and has successfully carried out rocket low-altitude flight and vertical recovery tests.
Commercial satellites developed by Changguang Satellite Technology Co., Ltd. and Tianyi Research Institute have been operating in space and have made contributions to various fields of social and economic construction.
Relevant ministries actively create an environment for the development of commercial aerospace.
Wu Yanhua, deputy director of the National Space Administration, stated at the 2019 Commercial Space Industry International Forum that the bureau will support commercial aerospace companies at the policy level, do a good job in service, and promote the healthy development of the commercial aerospace industry.
The National Development and Reform Commission also proposed in the "Report on the Implementation of the National Economic and Social Development Plan in 2019 and the Draft National Economic and Social Development Plan in 2020": support the development of commercial aerospace, extend the aerospace industry chain, and expand satellites such as communications, navigation, and remote sensing. application.
Facing the commercial aerospace boom, the aerospace "national team" has also actively launched related plans.
At the second China Commercial Aerospace Summit held in 2016, China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation announced that it will focus on five commercial aerospace projects: Feiyun, Kuaiyun, Xingyun, Hongyun and Tengyun.
The following year the group released a high-speed flying train project.
A reporter from Science and Technology Daily learned that the "Five Clouds and One Vehicle" project is currently progressing steadily.
In February 2016, the Aerospace Science and Industry Group established a space science and industry rocket company specializing in commercial launch services in accordance with socialization and marketization. The Kuaizhou series of carrier rockets developed by it have organized and implemented multiple launches in recent years. It is in the commercial launch market. To emerge.
The low-orbit broadband communication satellite system proposed by the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation has taken substantial steps. The first satellite of the system was successfully launched on December 29, 2018. The first phase of 60 satellites is planned to be networked and operated in 2022, providing global calls, Data collection and Internet access services.
The group deployed the Gaojing-1 4-satellite network, forming my country's first fully self-developed 0.5-meter high-resolution commercial remote sensing satellite constellation, greatly enhancing my country's commercial remote sensing service capabilities.
The Jielong 1 solid carrier rocket developed by the China Rocket Company under the group successfully flew for the first time in 2019, making a useful attempt to use social capital to develop a new model of development and production.