From May to July this year, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress organized the "Decision on the Total Banning of Illegal Wild Animal Trade, Elimination of the Bad Habits of Wild Animals, and Effective Protection of People’s Life, Health and Safety" and the "Wild Animal Protection Law" (hereinafter referred to as "One decision, one law") law enforcement inspection.
Due to the large number of employees and the large output value, the wild animal breeding industry withdraws from production, and the economic pressure of disposal and compensation work and poverty alleviation pressure are greater. On the morning of August 10th, Shen Yueyue, vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, disclosed the relevant situation for the first time in the report on the implementation of "one decision, one law" (hereinafter referred to as the "report") by the Law Enforcement Inspection Team of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.
The report shows that the species affected by the “strictest wild animal fasting order in history” involve six categories including snakes, ducks, pheasants, bamboo rats, porcupines, and civet cats. The relevant employees exceed 240,000. The animal value is over 11 billion yuan, and the facility investment value is about 7.4 billion yuan.
According to the report, this law enforcement inspection has "full coverage" in 31 provinces across the country, has suspended business for more than 10,000 trading markets and business operators across the country, and investigated and handled nearly 500 cases of illegal wildlife trading. While affirming the effect of the “one decision, one law” implementation, the report also pointed out the main problems that currently exist, including the difficulty of transition to production, the urgent need to adjust the wildlife protection list, the urgent need to modify and improve law enforcement and supervision mechanisms and related legal systems, and the lack of public protection. The concept and system design of health and safety risks.
Wildlife farmers are under great pressure for poverty alleviation and transformation
After the "Strict Wild Animal Fasting Order in History" was issued, some wild animal breeding companies that were not included in the catalog of livestock and poultry genetic resources faced restructuring. The report shows that many localities have reported that the current policies and measures related to the compensation, disposal, and conversion of breeding enterprises that need to be transformed and adjusted have not been followed up and clarified in a timely manner. The embarrassing situation has caused large economic losses for farmers.
The report also recommends that precise measures should be taken for all types of farms, not “one size fits all”, “one close” or “one kill”, but from species, quarantine, capital, technology, information, facilities, storage, transportation, and processing. All links and channels such as utilization and reasonable compensation help solve practical problems.
In the group deliberations on the afternoon of August 10, the compensation standards for wild animal farmers’ withdrawal from production and the allocation of funds became a hot topic of discussion. Many members of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress suggested that the central government provide a certain degree of support.
Li Kang, a member of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress and vice chairman of the CPPCC of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, said that Guangxi’s snakes and bamboo rats account for 70% and 60% of the country, respectively. Many counties regard wildlife breeding as a key support project for poverty alleviation and withdraw. , Conversion, disposal, compensation and other tasks are under great economic pressure.
She said that Guangxi initially estimated that it would require about 3 billion yuan in compensation for conversion and transformation, but only 600 million yuan has been implemented. It is recommended that the central government provide financial support.
Zhao Wanping, deputy dean of the National People's Congress and vice president of the Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, who attended the meeting of the Standing Committee, also believes that taking into account the financial resources and policies of different regions, it is recommended that the central and local governments bear the compensation funds separately to avoid increasing the financial burden of economically underdeveloped regions.
Another member suggested that the protection of farmers' effective transformation and conversion should be included in the scope of environmental inspection or assessment to effectively guarantee the legitimate rights and interests of farmers.
Since most of the wildlife breeding industry is located in poor areas, many representatives and committee members suggested that the implementation of compensation measures for farmers in poverty-stricken areas should be accelerated, and compensation standards should be appropriately raised to ensure that farmers in poor areas do not return to poverty due to change of production. Some committee members believed that a special loan reimbursement fund should be established for farmers who are out of poverty. For poor farmers with loans that are unable to repay their loans due to the ban, they can be repaid by a combination of compensation and reimbursement, and provide credit support for conversion.
Li Feiyue, deputy director of the Standing Committee of the Guizhou Provincial People's Congress, cited Guizhou Province as an example. Although the province only involved more than 300 million yuan in funds, 1579 breeding units were involved, including 293 poor households and more than 6,000 poor households participating in dividends. “Specifically, the loss of each farmer is very heavy, and it can even be said to be bankruptcy.” He said that the compensation standards vary from place to place. It is recommended that similar major decisions involving the interests of thousands of households be issued in the future. The national compensation standards should be It is generally unified and allows a transition period, which will be implemented locally.
Regarding wild animals that can be transformed for other purposes such as medicinal use, Dou Shuhua, a member of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress and vice chairman of the Environmental Resources Committee of the National People’s Congress, suggested that relevant departments should speed up the formulation of non-edible use of breeding approval regulations for scientific research, medicinal, and Specific regulations on the approval, inspection and quarantine of wild animals such as exhibits, clarify the approval conditions, procedures, submission of materials, standardize inspection and quarantine, prevent and control the spread of epidemic disease, and reduce the economic loss of breeding entities. He said that some farmers use the method of soaking wine to convert snakes into medicinal use, but the relevant standards are not perfect and the management is not sound, and it is impossible to judge whether it is for medicinal use. "Farmers are very embarrassed, and local governments are also very embarrassed. It is recommended that policies and standards in this area be clarified as soon as possible."
The report recommends to improve the traceability management system such as the identification of wild animals and their products, formulate and improve regulations on the approval, quarantine and inspection of the use of medicinal wild animals, properly handle the relationship between protection and utilization, and guide standardized breeding and utilization.
The adjustment of the national key protected wildlife list has been delayed
The report also pointed out that the adjustment of the national key protected wild animals and other related lists is lagging behind and cannot meet actual needs. Since the current national key protected wildlife list was released on January 14, 1989, the overall adjustment of the system has been delayed. At the same time, the current "Three Haves" Terrestrial Wildlife List, that is, the "List of Terrestrial Wild Animals That Are Beneficial for National Protection or of Important Economic and Scientific Research Value" was released and implemented in 2000, and has not yet been adjusted.
In group deliberations, many representatives and committee members mentioned the dynamic adjustment of the protected list, especially the list of wild animals that can be artificially reproduced and raised with mature technology.
Li Jiayang, member of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, deputy chairman of the Agriculture and Rural Committee of the National People's Congress, and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that most of the livestock currently raised are the result of artificial domestication in history, and there is no huge gap between wild animals and raised animals. . He suggested that if the population, structure, breeding and breeding of wild animals are studied more clearly, they should be removed from the relevant lists, especially the list of key protected wild animals, and the relevant mechanism should also have the main body of proposal and approval. And announced within a certain time limit.
Cheng Lifeng, a member of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress and vice chairman of the National People’s Congress Environment and Resources Protection Committee, pointed out that since the current national key protected wildlife list was released in 1989, only one species "musk" was added in 2003; After the release and implementation in 2000, no adjustments have been made; the list of artificial breeding of national key protected terrestrial wildlife was only released in 2017.
According to relevant data, more than 46,900 species of spine wild animals and more than 1.3 million species of invertebrates have been identified and found in nature. Most of them do not need to be protected and controlled. However, China’s current key lists and the "three haves" lists are The two add up to 2045 species, of which only 454 species are the first and second-level protected wild animals under national key protection.
Cheng Lifeng believes that the list of local key protected wild animals has a lot of overlap with the list of national key protected wild animals and the "three-you" list. Legally, the three lists should not overlap, and the local key protected wild animal list does not give full play to the protection of the local list. Management role. The protection list is not adjusted in time, the legal system is not in place, and the scope of wildlife protection and control is too narrow.
Li Jiayang suggested that relevant lists such as the National Livestock Heritage List should be set up scientifically and dynamic management should be implemented. At present, there are many related lists in our country. In the actual implementation, there are species crossings in the relevant lists and directories, which affects the seriousness of the system and is not conducive to the supervision and management of wildlife. At the same time, it is necessary to regularly update the list of key protected wild animals, especially the list of wild animals with mature artificial breeding technology.
China Youth Daily·China Youth Daily reporter Wang Yijun, trainee reporter Han Sha Source: China Youth Daily