Going to live classes, submitting homework, online communication ... "cloud to school" is inseparable from mobile phones, computers

How to protect children's eyesight during the epidemic (Health Through Train (18th Station))

　　The new coronary pneumonia epidemic has changed people's lifestyles and the way students learn. There are fewer outdoor activities, more TV and computers, and online classes have become the norm. Whether it is an adult or a child, the main learning and entertainment has become the use of computers, mobile phones, and watching TV. Long-term use of eyes at close range will undoubtedly increase the damage to the eyes.

　　Recently, the National Health Commission issued "Guidelines on the Prevention of Myopia during New Coronary Pneumonia in Children and Adolescents" (referred to as "Guidelines"), which specifically mentions that outdoor sports should be added. Relevant people said that proper outdoor exercise can not only improve the health of children, but also play a very important role in the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents.

Increase daytime outdoor activities

Relieve excessive eyes in the home

　　During the New Coronary Pneumonia epidemic, homeschooling became an important way for children to learn. Ms. Liang, a parent of a junior second student, said that children used to have physical education classes in school every day. They can also exercise on foot on the way to and from school. Although the reading time is long but there is a time to change eyes, but now they are bored at home staring at mobile phones Tablet computer, live class, submit and modify homework. The child's eyesight is already blurred, which makes her very worried.

　　Experts said that daytime activities can not only prevent the occurrence of myopia, but also play a role in controlling the development of myopia for children who have already experienced myopia. The "Guide" specifically mentions that children's outdoor activities should be increased, and outdoor sports should be promoted in open, ventilated and not densely populated areas, which is conducive to the prevention of myopia. This is not inconsistent with epidemic prevention and control, but prevention and control must be done well.

　　First of all, children should minimize close contact with others during outdoor activities to avoid getting together, and wear masks when they need to communicate with other children or other people. Second, younger children should be outdoors with the company of adults. At the same time, parents should pay attention to the children's hygiene, especially hand hygiene, and must tell the children not to touch the eyes, mouth and nose with their hands. Third, children should not spit anywhere while exercising, and cover their mouth and nose with tissues and elbows when sneezing or coughing. Fourth, after outdoor sports go home, you should take off your coat in time and wash your hands.

Choose regular electronic products

Anti-blue light device is not necessary

　　Beijing citizen Mr. Yang bought the latest tablet computer and anti-blue light glasses in order not to hurt the eyes of the children. Although the cost is not small, he feels that it is worth the eyesight of the children.

　　In this regard, experts suggest that the selection of video tools should adhere to the principle of "Never be big but not small", and the order of selection is projection, TV, computer, tablet, and mobile phone. The size of the screen, the refresh rate of the display screen, and improper use distance are also likely to cause visual fatigue, which may cause eye diseases such as myopia or dry eye syndrome. The resolution of the display generally does not cause visual fatigue, so it is recommended to set the screen parameters : The height is kept horizontal or slightly lower in the center of the eyeball and the video; the distance is 4-6 times the diagonal length of the electronic screen; the refresh rate of the CRT display screen of the cathode-ray tube is generally 75-85 Hz, if it is a liquid crystal display Screen, there is no need to adjust the refresh rate. In addition, the ambient light should be suitable. When using electronic products at night, you need to turn on the light and dim the screen brightness to 30%. You can set a green background screensaver wallpaper to relieve eye fatigue.

　　Wei Wenbin, director and chief physician of the Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, said that there is currently an excessive interpretation of the hazards of blue light in society, and the prevention of blue light and visual fatigue should not be directly related to the prevention and control of myopia. Blue light is divided into long-wave blue light and short-wave blue light, and only short-wave blue light will affect eye health, but this requires long-term, high-intensity, uninterrupted irradiation. Qualified electronic products have filtered harmful short-wave blue light. Therefore, in daily life, using electronic products produced by regular manufacturers, there is no need to install anti-blue light equipment.

Tables and chairs to match children's height

Try not to use a dining table instead

　　The desks and chairs that match the height of the child can protect eyesight and prevent myopia. Inappropriate tables and chairs will have a great impact on sitting posture and sight distance, causing diseases such as myopia and spine curvature. During the epidemic, a large number of students were studying at home, and they were not equipped with special desks and chairs for study. Some were replaced by dining tables, dining chairs, or beds.

　　In this regard, Guo Xin, director of the Beijing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said that dining tables and chairs are often too high and beds are soft and low. These cannot replace regular desks and chairs.

　　For families with adjustable tables and chairs, you can find the table height and seat height suitable for children according to the height of the children, according to the height range table of various models of desks and chairs for primary and middle school students. You can also correct the desk and chair according to the principle that the thighs and calves should be vertical, the back should be straight, the upper arm should sag, and the elbow should be 3-4 cm below the table. Families without adjustable tables and chairs should also adjust according to the above principles. When the table or chair is too short, raise the table or chair.

Eye movement exercises have limitations

Don't rely on eye drops

　　10-year-old Xiaogang, who stayed at home during the epidemic and surfed on the Internet, stared at the computer for a long time during the day. He often watched TV, played games, and sometimes stayed up late to read. Recently, my mother discovered that her son started blinking frequently, there were always secretions in the eyes, and rubbed his eyes from time to time. Xiaogang's mother was very worried.

　　The eyeball is like a camera. To take a clear picture, you need to focus on the film. The process of focusing is called adjustment, which is completed by the movement of the muscles in the eye. Looking close is like a spring contraction, that is, adjusting tension, looking far is a spring relaxation, which is adjustment and relaxation, excessive adjustment may cause myopia. Increase outdoor activities and increase the time to look far, you can effectively relax and adjust.

　　Wei Wenbin said that during the epidemic there were some "eye-browing" and "eye-twisting" and various eye-movement exercises that turned the eyeballs. This kind of exercise is actually the movement of the extraocular muscles. It is helpful to some children who need to train binocular vision and strabismus. However, they cannot relieve the fatigue of the intraocular muscles well, so they cannot slow down the development of myopia and visual fatigue. Prevention and control of myopia should still emphasize the "20-20-20" mantra, that is, watching for nearly 20 minutes and gazing at 20 feet (6 meters) for more than 20 seconds, so that the muscles in the eyes can be relaxed, thereby reducing visual fatigue.

　　At present, there is no promotion of drugs to improve eyesight and control the development of myopia in China. In recent years, studies have found that low concentrations of atropine can delay the development of myopia in children. However, the low concentration of atropine eye drops is not a magic medicine. Some children will be afraid of light, seeing things at close range, and allergic reactions to atropine. There are still some children who can't effectively control the progress of myopia. Therefore, do not rely on eye drops to prevent and control myopia, reduce the use of eyes at close range, pay attention to eye posture, and increase outdoor sports is the most important method to prevent and control myopia. At the same time, you should go to the hospital early for a health check, monitor the occurrence and development of myopia, and intervene in time.

High myopia or blinding

Wear glasses to delay the most effective

　　Experts suggest that pre-school children should have stricter requirements for the use of electronic screens than school-age children. The use of electronic products should be minimized. The time for watching cartoons should not exceed 15 minutes each time, and the cumulative daily cannot exceed 1 hour; guarantee More than 10 hours of adequate sleep, balanced nutrition, no picky eating, no overeating, no overeating, less sugar, more fruits and vegetables, drinking no less than 1500 ml of water per day; choose the right exercise or game.

　　Wei Wenbin emphasized that myopia is not self-healing. Part of the high myopia above 600 degrees is pathological myopia, which is an important cause of blindness. The most critical purpose of the treatment of adolescent myopia is to prevent the development of high myopia and pathological myopia. Therefore, once the diagnosis of myopia is confirmed, it should be intervened.

　　It is recommended that glasses should be worn when the degree is greater than 100 degrees. First of all, you should go to the hospital for identification. After ciliary muscle paralysis, mydriasis and optometry can distinguish between true myopia, visual fatigue and pseudo-myopia. True myopia cannot be recovered through instrument training and other methods, and there is currently no effective cure. The reason why the instrument training improves vision may be that the patient itself is pseudo-myopia, or it may be through training the ciliary muscles to improve the naked eye vision. But this state of myopia has not been released, so there is no way to prevent the rapid development of myopia.

　　Children with low myopia circulated on the Internet have deepened the degree after wearing glasses. This is a natural development of myopia and is not caused by wearing glasses. Delaying this process by wearing the right glasses is the easiest, safest and most effective way. With the improvement of the epidemic prevention and control situation, it is now possible to go to the hospital for optometry and optics. At the time of treatment, you should pay attention to the strict implementation of epidemic prevention measures, make appointments for optometry time in advance, reduce the concentration of time-of-use visits, wear masks for protection, and cooperate with the doctor's instructions .

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The elderly need to pay attention to vision problems

　　The 45th Statistical Report on Internet Development in China shows that as of March 2020, the number of Internet users in China reached 904 million, and the number of mobile phone Internet users reached 897 million. Internet users account for 16.9% of the 50-year-old and Internet users, and the number exceeds 150 million. The Internet is continuing to penetrate the middle-aged and elderly population.

　　Today, with the rapid development of the mobile Internet, the use time of the mobile terminal for the elderly with small screens has multiplied, making the eye problem of the elderly greatly magnified in the era of small screens. Many of them suffer from vision problems such as cataracts or glaucoma. According to statistics from the Ophthalmology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, the incidence of cataract in people aged 60 to 89 in China is about 80%, and the incidence of cataract in people over 90 is as high as 90%. Patients with cataract are often accompanied by symptoms such as blurred vision, ghosting, photophobia, glare, dark shadows in front of the eyes, and deepening of myopia. If they do not undergo surgical treatment, they may eventually cause blindness, which will seriously affect normal working life.

　　Yu Jingying