China News Service, Beijing, May 8 (Guo Chaokai, Bao Shi) The return cabin of the Chinese new-generation manned spacecraft test vessel successfully landed in the scheduled area of the Dongfeng landing site on the 8th. The mission is to verify key technologies such as heat prevention, control, group umbrella recovery, and partial reuse of the new-generation manned spacecraft's high-speed reentry return. During the orbit flight, the test ship has to complete dozens of key actions and carry out a number of carrying tests.
From a successful launch to a safe return, the new generation of manned spaceship test ship performed flawlessly, paving the way for a new "sky" to space. The seven key technologies related to the success or failure of the mission have been verified one by one, pointing out the direction for the development of the new spacecraft in the next stage:
——In the orbit flight phase, the single-component non-toxic engine with the highest thrust in the world adopted for the first time by the new generation of manned spacecraft test ship has successfully completed its first show.
The HAN propellant used in this engine has the advantages of non-toxic, non-polluting, low freezing point, high density, high specific impulse and low use and maintenance costs. It will fully replace the existing propellant in the future and further improve the safety of astronauts.
——The maximum volume surface tension tank of China's current spacecraft, which was first adopted by the new generation of manned spaceship test ship, performed perfectly.
This storage tank adopts aluminum alloy lining + composite material winding structure, with more loading capacity, which can provide greater track maneuverability for the test ship. During the orbit flight, the test ship easily completed multiple orbit changes and entered a large elliptical orbit, creating sufficient conditions for high-speed re-entry returns at large reentry angles.
——The new generation of manned spaceship test ship is more entrusted with a more comprehensive integrated electronic system.
In the course of the mission, the system has successfully completed the functions of the whole ship bus management, time system management, data storage, contact signal processing, and thermal control management, making the operation of the spacecraft more efficient.
——The more intelligent autonomous orbit control technology of the new-generation manned spaceship test ship has performed well.
During the orbital operation, the attitude control engine of the test ship performs attitude control to maintain the three-axis attitude to ground and the stability of attitude during orbit change and braking. The orbit-controlled engine achieves multiple orbit changes and successfully performs return braking, precisely controlling the test ship to complete space flight.
——In the re-entry and return phase, the new heat-proof structure and materials used for the first time in the new-generation manned spaceship test vessel have been tested.
The entire heat protection structure maintains extremely high heat protection efficiency on the basis of a weight reduction of more than 30% year-on-year. The new lightweight heat-resistant material used in the return cabin of the test ship not only withstands the high-temperature ablation of thousands of degrees during the re-entry return process, but also protects the safety of the return cabin; and the heat-proof structure adopts the detachable replacement design for the first time, which can effectively improve Reusable rate. After returning to the cabin, only one "physical examination" is required, a new set of heat-proof structure is replaced, and the next task can be invested.
——Pneumatic group deceleration and airbag landing buffer technology adopted for the first time in a new generation of manned spaceship test vessel to escort home.
After the return cabin enters the atmosphere, after reaching the specified altitude, the 2 deceleration umbrellas and 3 main umbrellas are opened one after another, and the speed of the return cabin is successfully reduced from "aircraft flight speed" to "vehicle urban driving speed". Before landing, the six airbags are inflated and opened, which helps the cabin to "soft land" smoothly, ensuring the safe and complete recovery of the return cabin to the greatest extent.
——On-orbit data acquisition system tailored for the new generation of manned spacecraft test vessels, providing scientific support for future development.
During the mission, the system obtained the ship and arrow separation impact load and the load environment of the launching, flying in orbit and returning to the landing process through a variety of sensor networks; by measuring the pressure and temperature of the characteristic points on the return bottom and side wall surface , The aerodynamic and thermal characteristic parameters of the high-speed reentry process of the return cabin were obtained. These valuable data will provide an important reference for the development and optimization of subsequent models of the new spacecraft.
The complete success of the test ship's flight mission marks that China's new generation of manned spacecraft has taken shape. In the follow-up, the China Academy of Space Technology will carry out in-depth demonstration of the overall plan of the new-generation manned spacecraft in accordance with the mission requirements, and as soon as possible to improve and develop a new generation with high carrying capacity and freight transportation capabilities, suitable for the near-Earth space station and manned deep space exploration manned spacecraft. (Finish)