China News Service, May 7th-The Ministry of Ecology and Environment released the 2019 national ecological environment quality profile on the official WeChat public account. The Ministry of Eco-Environment pointed out that in 2019, the overall national eco-environmental quality will be improved, the environmental air quality improvement results will be further consolidated, the water environment quality will continue to improve, and the marine environment will be stable and improving. With effective protection of radiation safety, the environmental risk situation remains stable. Among the 337 prefecture-level and above cities in the country, 46.6% of the cities met ambient air quality standards.
The following is the full text of Briefing:
The Ministry of Ecology and Environment released a summary of the national ecological environment quality in 2019
1. Overview
2019 is the 70th anniversary of the founding of New China, and it is also a crucial year to fight the tough battle of pollution prevention and control and fully build a well-off society. Guided by Xi Jinping ’s new era socialism with Chinese characteristics, all regions and departments thoroughly implemented the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Party and the Second, Third, and Fourth Plenary Sessions of the 19th CPC National Congress, and fully implemented the Jinping Ecological Civilization Thought and the National Ecological Environmental Protection Conference. Requires that, in accordance with the decision-making and deployment of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, adhere to improving the quality of the ecological environment as the core, and promote the key progress in the battle against pollution.
The overall improvement of the national ecological environment quality, the environmental air quality improvement results are further consolidated, the water environment quality continues to improve, the marine environment is stable and improving, the soil environmental risks are basically controlled, the overall ecological system pattern is stable, nuclear and radiation safety is effectively guaranteed, and the environment The risk situation remains stable.
2. Freshwater
(1) Surface water
Of the 1940 national surface water assessment sections, the proportion of sections Ⅰ to Ⅲ of water quality was 74.9%, an increase of 3.9 percentage points year-on-year; that of category Ⅴ was 3.4%, a decrease of 3.3 percentage points year-on-year. The main pollution indicators are chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus and permanganate index.
Among the 1610 water quality sections monitored in the seven major river basins of the Yangtze River, Yellow River, Pearl River, Songhua River, Huaihe River, Haihe River, Liaohe River, Zhejiang-Fujian Rivers, Northwest Rivers, and Southwest Rivers, the proportion of water quality sections I to III was 79.1%, year-on-year An increase of 4.8 percentage points; the inferior category V was 3.0%, a year-on-year decrease of 3.9 percentage points. The water quality in the northwestern rivers, rivers in Zhejiang and Fujian, the southwestern rivers and the Yangtze River Basin is superior, the water quality in the Pearl River Basin is good, and the Yellow River, Songhua River, Huaihe, Liaohe and Haihe River Basins are lightly polluted.
Among the 110 important lakes (reservoirs) for water quality monitoring, the proportion of water quality lakes (reservoirs) in categories I to III was 69.1%, an increase of 2.4 percentage points year-on-year; the inferior category V was 7.3%, a decrease of 0.8 percentage points year-on-year. The main pollution indicators are total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand and permanganate index. Among the 107 important lakes (reservoirs) for nutrition status monitoring, lakes (reservoirs) with poor nutrition status accounted for 9.3%, moderate nutrition status accounted for 62.6%, mild eutrophication status accounted for 22.4%, and moderate eutrophication status accounted for 5.6%. Taihu Lake and Chaohu Lake are lightly polluted and lightly eutrophic, and the main pollution index is total phosphorus; Dianchi Lake is lightly polluted and slightly eutrophic, and the main pollution indexes are chemical oxygen demand and total phosphorus.
(2) Centralized drinking water sources in cities at prefecture level and above
Of the 902 prefecture-level and above cities with 902 active drinking water sections (points), 830 met the standard throughout the year, accounting for 92.0%.
There are 590 monitoring sections (points) of surface water sources, 565 of which meet the standard throughout the year, accounting for 95.8%. The main indicators beyond the standard are the total phosphorus, sulfate and permanganate indexes.
There are 312 groundwater source monitoring points, 265 of which meet the standard throughout the year, accounting for 84.9%. The main excess indicators are manganese, iron and sulfate, mainly due to the higher natural background value.
(3) Water bodies of key water conservancy projects
The water quality in the Three Gorges Reservoir area is excellent. The water quality of the 38 major rivers that flowed into the Three Gorges Reservoir area was excellent. Among 77 sections, the proportion of sections Ⅰ to Ⅲ was 98.7%, up 2.6 percentage points year-on-year; Type Ⅳ was 1.3%, down 2.6 percentage points year-on-year. Among them, poor nutritional status accounted for 1.3%, medium nutritional status 77.9%, and eutrophic status 20.8%.
The water quality of the Yangtze River water intake in the South-to-North Water Diversion (East Line) is excellent. The water quality of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal, the Baoying Canal, the Suqian Canal, the Bulong River, the Hanzhuang Canal, and the Liangji Canal are all excellent; the Nansi Lake and Dongping Lake are in a mesotrophic state, and Hongze Lake And Luoma Lake is slightly eutrophic.
The water intake of the South-to-North Water Transfer (middle line) and the main water delivery lines are of excellent quality. The water quality of the nine tributaries that flow into the Danjiangkou Reservoir is excellent, and the Danjiangkou Reservoir is in a mesotrophic state.
3. Ocean
(1) Jurisdiction
The area of Class I water quality accounted for 97.0%, up 0.7 percentage points year-on-year; the area of Class IV water quality was 28,340 square kilometers, a decrease of 4,930 square kilometers year-on-year. The main pollution indicators are inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate.
(2) Offshore waters
The water quality in the coastal waters of the country is generally stable and good. The water quality is average, and the main pollution indicators are inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate. The proportion of sea areas with excellent (Class I and Class II) water quality was 76.6%, an increase of 5.3 percentage points year-on-year; that of inferior category IV was 11.7%, a decrease of 1.8 percentage points year-on-year.
Among the 190 main water quality sections monitored by the sea, Class II water quality sections accounted for 19.5%, Class III accounted for 34.7%, Class IV accounted for 32.6%, Class V accounted for 8.9%, and Class V accounted for 4.2%. The main exceedance indicators are chemical oxygen demand, permanganate index, total phosphorus, ammonia nitrogen and five-day biochemical oxygen demand.
4. Atmosphere
(1) Ambient air quality
The PM2.5 concentration in 337 prefecture-level and higher cities nationwide was 36 micrograms / cubic meter, which was flat year-on-year; the PM10 concentration was 63 micrograms / cubic meter, down 1.6% year-on-year; the average good days ratio was 82.0%; It accounts for 46.6% of all cities.
According to the evaluation of the comprehensive index of ambient air quality, among the 168 key cities, the 20 cities with relatively poor ambient air quality (from 168th to 149th) are Anyang, Xingtai, Shijiazhuang, Handan, Linfen, Tangshan, Taiyuan, Zibo, Jiaozuo, Jincheng, Baoding, Jinan, Liaocheng, Xinxiang, Hebi, Linyi, Luoyang, Zaozhuang, Xianyang and Zhengzhou, the 20 cities with relatively good ambient air quality (from 1st to 20th) are Lhasa, Haikou, Zhoushan, Xiamen, Huangshan, Fuzhou, Lishui, Guiyang, Shenzhen, Taizhou, Ya'an, Huizhou, Suining, Zhuhai, Kunming, Zhangjiakou, Nanning, Wenzhou, Neijiang and Guang'an.
The average ratio of good days in the "2 + 26" cities in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas was 53.1%; the PM2.5 concentration was 57 micrograms / cubic meter, a year-on-year decrease of 1.7%. The proportion of excellent days in Beijing was 65.8%; the PM2.5 concentration was 42 μg / m3, a year-on-year decrease of 12.5%.
The average ratio of good days in 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta region was 76.5%; the PM2.5 concentration was 41 μg / m3, a decrease of 2.4% year-on-year.
The average fine days ratio of 11 cities in Fenwei Plain is 61.7%; PM2.5 concentration is 55 μg / m3, an increase of 1.9% year-on-year.
(2) Acid rain
Among the 469 cities (districts and counties) that monitored precipitation, the acid rain frequency averaged 10.2%, a year-on-year decrease of 0.3 percentage points; the annual average pH value of precipitation was 4.22 to 8.56; the proportion of acid rain cities was 16.8%, a year-on-year decrease of 2.1 percentage points. The type of acid rain is still sulfuric acid.
The area of acid rain area is about 474,000 square kilometers, accounting for 5.0% of the country's land area, down 0.5 percentage points year-on-year. Mainly distributed in the area south of the Yangtze River-east of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, mainly including Zhejiang, Shanghai, northern Fujian, central Jiangxi, central and eastern Hunan, central Guangdong and southern Chongqing.
5. Natural ecology
(1) Ecological quality
The national ecological environment status index (EI) value is 51.3, and the ecological quality is average. No significant change year-on-year. The county area with excellent ecological quality accounts for 44.7% of the land area, generally 22.7%, and the poor and poor account for 32.6%.
(2) Biodiversity
China has various types of terrestrial ecosystems such as forests, bamboo forests, shrubs, meadows, grasslands, deserts, and natural wetlands. There are mangroves, coral reefs, seagrass beds, islands, bays, estuaries, and upwelling. Marine ecosystems include farmland, artificial forest, artificial wetland, artificial grassland, and urban artificial ecosystem.
The number of known species and planting units is 106,509. There are 406 rare and endangered terrestrial wild animals included in the National Key Protected Wild Animals List, 246 rare and endangered plants included in the National Key Protected Wild Plants List, and 9,302 large fungal species have been identified.
There are 1,339 cultivars of 528 types of cultivated crops, more than 1,000 economic tree species, 7,000 original ornamental plant species, and 576 domestic animal species.
(3) Forest
The country has a forest area of 220 million hectares, a forest coverage rate of 22.96%, and a forest stock volume of 17.56 billion cubic meters.
(4) Grassland
The country's grassland area is nearly 400 million hectares, accounting for about 41.7% of the country's land area. It is the largest terrestrial ecosystem and ecological barrier in the country.
(5) Nature reserve
A total of more than 11,800 nature reserves of various levels and various types, with national parks as the main body, have been established nationwide. The protected area covers 18.0% of China ’s land area and 4.1% of its jurisdiction.
6. Soil
The soil environment of agricultural land nationwide is generally stable. The main pollutants affecting the environmental quality of agricultural land soil are heavy metals, of which cadmium is the primary pollutant.
7. Acoustic environment
(1) Regional acoustic environment
The average equivalent sound level of 321 prefecture-level and above cities that conducted daytime regional sound environment monitoring was 54.3 dB. Daytime regional acoustic environment quality was rated at 2.5% of cities, Grade 2 at 67.0%, Grade 3 at 28.7%, and Grade 4 at 1.9%.
(2) Road traffic acoustic environment
The average equivalent sound level of 322 prefecture-level and above cities conducting daytime road traffic sound environmental monitoring is 66.8 dB. Daytime road traffic acoustic environment quality is rated at 68.6%, Grade 2 at 26.1%, Grade 3 at 4.7%, and Grade 4 at 0.6%.
(3) Acoustic environment of urban functional area
The compliance rate of various functional areas in 311 prefecture-level and above cities that carried out functional area acoustic environment monitoring averaged 92.4% during the day and 74.4% at night.
8. Radiation
The national environmental ionizing radiation level is generally good, and the environmental electromagnetic radiation level is below the control limit.
9. Climate Change
(1) Sea level
China's coastal sea level is generally fluctuating and rising. From 1980 to 2019, China's coastal sea level rise rate was 3.4 mm / year, which was higher than the global average during the same period. In 2019, China's coastal sea level was 72 mm higher than normal, the third highest since 1980. In the past 10 years, the average sea level of China's coastal areas has been at a high level for nearly 40 years.
(2) Carbon intensity
After preliminary calculations, CO2 emissions per unit of GDP in 2019 decreased by 4.1% year-on-year, fulfilling the annual target.